Epithelial membrane protein (EMP) 2 is one of the seven proteins in the EMP gene family and is a tissue-specific transmembrane protein. Recent studies have shown that it exhibits different expression patterns in different tumor tissues and exhibits differentiated manifestations in the invasion and metastasis of different tumors, such as promoting or inhibiting them. Based on these characteristics, progress has been made in the field of anti EMP2 therapy, such as the development of monoclonal antibodies, which may bring new avenues for cancer treatment. Based on this, this article reviews the research progress of EMP2 in tumor invasion and metastasis, in order to provide ideas for determining new tumor targets.
Objective To explore the application status of protease spectrum analysis in breast cancer. Methods The pertinent literatures in recent ten years were screened with key words “breast cancer，diagnosis，and protease spectrum”. Results At present，the candidate markers being identified in enzyme platform were less， such as ITIH4， C3adesArg，C3adesArg△8， haptoglobin-α1，S100-A9， and so on. In addition to S100-A9，the results of markers in the different research institutes were often contradictory. There had been no large-scale applications in clinical research and more further researchs were needed to prove it’s value. Conclusions Breast cancer tissue or cells obviously express chemokines and their receptors which participate the growth， invasion， and metastasis of breast cancer，and many factors influence the activation of their signals. With the development of proteomics research progress of technology and equipment， the improvement of method and more research data， protease spectrum plays an important role in improving the early diagnosis rate of breast cancer.
Patients with locally advanced thyroid cancer often face challenges in achieving radical surgery during initial diagnosis. This has become a significant hurdle in the treatment of thyroid cancer. With the continuous development of systemic therapy for thyroid cancer, several studies have demonstrated that neoadjuvant therapy can shrink tumors in some patients, thereby increasing the chances of complete resection and improving prognosis. Targeted therapy plays a crucial role as a core component of neoadjuvant treatment. Simultaneously, the potential efficacy of immunotherapy has gained attention, showing promising prospects. We aim to summarize the research progress and existing issues regarding neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced thyroid cancer. We look forward to more high-quality clinical studies providing robust evidence for neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced thyroid cancer, expanding the breadth of treatment options.
Objective To investigate the cl inical effect of minimally invasive internal fixation percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) assisted by arthroscopy on tibial plateau fractures. Methods From September 2005 to December 2007, 29 patients with tibial plateau fracture underwent arthroscopy-assisted MIPPO, including 18 males and 11 females aged18-59 years old (average 34.7 years old). There were 8 cases of type II, 10 of type III, 5 of type IV, 3 of type V, and 3 of type VI according to Schatzker classification system. The fracture was combined with meniscus injury in 13 cases, anterior cruciate l igament injury in 4 cases, and medial collateral l igament injury in 3 cases. The time from injury to operation was 2-10 days. Firstly, the combined injury was treated under arthroscopy. Then, reduction of tibial plateau fractures was performed, bone grafting was conducted in the area of bone defect, and internal fixation using strut plates was performed after establ ishing subcutaneous tunnel via minimally invasion. Early rehabil itation activities were carried out for each patient 1 day after operation. Results No early compl ications such as poor heal ing of incisions, infections, and osteofascial compartment syndrome occurred. Over the follow-up period of 12-39 months (average 24 months), there was no failure of internal fixation, traumatic knee osteoarthritis, and inversion and eversion of the knee. The fractures healed within 3-4.5 months (average 3.5 months). The cl inical effect was excellent in 23 cases, good in 4 cases, and fair in 2 cases according to Lysholm knee rating system, and the excellent and good rate was 93.1%. Conclusion Arthroscopy-assisted MIPPO is a safe and effective way of managing tibial plateau fractures due to its features of minimal invasion, earl ier recovery, fewer compl ications, and simultaneous treatment of associated intra-articular injuries.
Objective To summarize the application and progress of common autologous organ transplantation (AOT) techniques. Method A literature review and summary of previous and recent studies on common AOT was performed, including autologous liver transplantation, autologous kidney transplantation and intestinal autotransplantation techniques. Results AOT solved the issues of bleeding that cannot be controlled by in vivo resection of lesions, difficulties in vascular reconstruction, and the inability to radically resect lesions, and extended the indications for treatment of partially diseased conditions. Conclusions The AOT technique has an ameliorating effect on the tight donor situation in China, providing more potential donors. And the application of the AOT technique effectively avoids the usage of postoperative immunosuppressive drugs and the progression of lesions due to waiting for allogeneic organ transplantation. However, the clinical benefit in malignant tumors remains to be further investigated.
Objective To investigate the relationship between the vertical distance from semitendinosus insertion to tibial plateau (S-T) and the physical characteristics of patients, in order to provide reference for incision design to expose the semitendinosus insertion. Methods The patients with ligament injury who underwent primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction between January 2022 and December 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The patients’ baseline data were collected, including age, gender, height, and body mass. During reconstruction operation, the S-T was measured. Considering the S-T as the dependent variable and baseline data as the independent variable, multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish a regression equation to determine the possible influencing factors of semitendinosus insertion location. Results According to the selection standard, a total of 214 patients were enrolled, including 156 males and 58 females, aged (27±9) years (14-49 years), with a height of (174.7±6.8) cm (range, 160-196 cm) and a body mass of (73.43±12.35) kg (range, 53-105 kg). The S-T was (56.36±3.61) mm (range, 47-67 mm). The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the height was positively correlated with S-T (β=0.407, SE=0.055, t=7.543, P<0.001); the regression equation was S-T=−14.701+0.407×height, R2=0.690. ConclusionThere was a linear relationship between the height and semitendinosus insertion. The location of semitendinosus insertion estimated by the formula (S-T=−14.701+0.407×height) is reasonable, which provides a theoretical basis for rapid, accurate, and safe location of semitendinosus insertion and design of surgical incision in clinic.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical characteristics, potential molecular mechanisms, and predictive biomarkers of hyperprogressive disease (HPD) associated with the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with immune checkpoint inhibitors and to explore its clinical implications. MethodsThe relevant domestic and international literature was reviewed to analyze the definition, mechanisms, and predictive factors of HPD. Particular attention was given to key factors affecting HPD development, including clinical characteristics, tumor microenvironment, genetic mutations, and inflammatory factors. ResultsHPD significantly decreased the survival of HCC patients. Its occurrence might be associated with individual variability, dysregulation of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-related genetic mutations, and elevated level of inflammatory factors. Clinical features such as female, advanced age, elevated Child-Pugh score, portal vein tumor thrombus could identify high-risk populations for HPD. Blood-based biomarkers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-fetoprotein showed potential value in predicting HPD. ConclusionsSystematic investigation of the molecular mechanisms and predictive biomarkers of HPD are crucial for optimizing immunotherapy strategies and improving patient’s outcomes. Large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to achieve precise prediction and personalized intervention in the future.
Lung four dimensional computed tomography (4D-CT) can lead to accurate radiotherapy. However, for the safety of patients, the scan spacing of 4D-CT cannot be too small so that the inter-slice resolution of lung 4D-CT is low, and thus the coronal and sagittal images need to be interpolated to obtain high-resolution images. This paper presents a super-resolution reconstruction technique based on multi-model Gaussian process regression. We use the high-resolution transversal images and the corresponding low-resolution images as the training sets. The high-resolution pixels of the coronal and sagittal images can be predicted by constructing multiple Gaussian process regression models. The experimental results show that our method is superior to bicubic algorithm, projections onto convex sets, sparse coding, multi-phase similarity based method and Gaussian process regression method based on self-learning block in terms of the edge and detail recovery. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the quality of lung 4D-CT images, and potentially be applied to better image-guided radiation therapy of lung cancer.
Objective To evaluate the correlation between mycoplasma genitalium and HIV infection. Methods Databases including MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, EMbase, WanFang Data, and CNKI were searched from inception to March 2012, so as to identify the independent cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies. Moreover, the references of relevant studies were also retrieved. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies were screened, the data were extracted, and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 4.2 and SAS 9.1.3 softwares. Results A total of 19 studies were included, including 3 430 HIV infected patients and 7 656 controlled participants. The results of meta-analyses showed that the HIV infection group was more likely to infect mycoplasma genitalium than the control group (OR=2.34, 95%CI 1.68 to 3.28, Plt;0.000 01). The same results were found in both subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Mycoplasma genitaliuman infection is closely related to HIV infection. However, detailed pathogenesis is still unknown. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to prove the above.
Objective To systematically review the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasonic for diagnosing female breast cancer. Methods We electronicaaly searched the databases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2013), EMbase, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data, MedaLink ,VIP and CBM for diagnostic tests on breast cancer diagnosed with color Doppler ultrasonic vs. with pathological biopsy (golden criteria) from 1982 to the March, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies according to QUADAS items. The Meta-DiSc software (version 1.4) was used to conduct pooling on sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood radio, and negative likelihood radio. Heterogeneity test was performed and the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) was drawn for area under the curve (AUC). Results A total of 25 studies involving 3 274 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, SPE, SEN, +LR, −LR and DOR were (0.76, 95%CI 0.74 to 0.78), (0.80, 95%CI 0.78 to 0.82), (3.58, 95%CI 2.63 to 4.87), (0.28, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.35) and (13.76, 95%CI 8.47 to 22.36), respectively. The AUC of SROC curve was 0.865 7. Conclusion Current evidence shows that color Doppler ultrasonic has high sensitivity (80%) and high specificity (76%) in the diagnosis of high-frequency Ultrasound. The positive rate in the breast cancer group is 13.76 times as high as that in non-breast cancer, which indicates color Doppler ultrasonic has good diagnostic value for breast cancer.