Methods To explore the level of delirium knowledge of geriatric nurses in Sichuan province and analyze the factors, so as to provide the basis for systematic and targeted knowledge training on delirium and clinical management. Methods Using the self-designed “the Questionnaire of Elderly Delirium Knowledge”, geriatric nurses from 22 hospitals in Sichuan province were investigated through a convenient sampling method from September 2018 to February 2019. Results A total of 475 geriatric nurses were investigated. The average delirium knowledge score of the 475 geriatric nurses was 69.51±12.42. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting the score of delirium-related knowledge were the education of nurses (P=0.037), technical title (P<0.001), years of working in the geriatric department (P=0.001), and the level of working hospital (P=0.001). Conclusions The level of delirium knowledge of geriatric nurses is low and can not meet the needs of clinical work. Nursing managers should carry out delirium knowledge training according to the different characteristics of nurses.
Objective To know the abnormal expression of the cell cycle-regulated proteins in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and their effect on tumor cell growth. Methods The expression of p16, p21, Rb and p53 protein in 47 cases were investigated by immunohistochemistry with wet autoclave pretreatment for antigen retriaval. Furthermore, tumor growth index were assessed by a novel anti-ki-67 antibody (ki-s5). Results All the expression of p53, p16, p21 and Rb protein were the nuclear stainning. The positive rates of p53, p16, p21 and Rb protein were 55%, 53%, 74% and 98% respectively. There was negative correlation between of p16, p21 or Rb protein expression and ki-67 growth index. No relation of p53 protein stainning and the expression of p21 protein was found. Conclusion In pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the negative expression of p16 protein and p21 protein may play an important role in tumor cell growth, but tumor proliferation caused by abnormality of Rb protein is rare. The expression of p21 protein was not associated with the expression of p53 protein.
Objective To investigate the effect of stretch on long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1)-mediated miR-545-3p/cannbinoida receptor 2 (CNR2) pathway regulating bone regeneration in the distraction area of rats during distraction osteogenesis. MethodsThirty-six 10-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=12 in each group): group A (femoral fracture+injection of interfering RNA), group B (distraction osteogenesis+injection of interfering RNA), and group C (distraction osteogenesis+injection of TUG1). Groups A and B were injected with 60 μg of interfering RNA at the beginning of incubation period (immediate after operation), the beginning of distraction phase (7 days after operation), and the end of distraction phase (21 days after operation), and group C was injected with 60 μg of synthetic TUG1 in vivo interfering sequence at the same time. The general situation of rats in each group was observed during the experiment. The mineralization of fracture space or distraction area was observed by X-ray films at 21, 35, and 49 days after operation. At 49 days after operation, the samples of the distraction area were taken for HE staining to observe the mineralization, and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expressions of osteoblast-related genes such as TUG1, miR-545-3p, CNR2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN). Blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta of the rats, and the expressions of ALP and C terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ (CTX-Ⅰ) protein were detected by ELISA assay.Results The results of X-ray film and HE staining observations showed that osteogenesis in group C was superior to groups A and B at the same time point. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the relative mRNA expressions of TUG1, CNR2, ALP, OCN, and OPN in group C were significantly higher than those in group A and group B, and the relative mRNA expression of miR-545-3p in group C was significantly lower than that in group A and group B (P<0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of TUG1 and ALP in group B were significantly higher than those in group A, and the relative mRNA expression of miR-545-3p in group B was significantly lower than that in group A (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the relative mRNA expressions of CNR2, OCN, and OPN between group A and group B (P>0.05). The results of ELISA showed that the expressions of ALP and CTX-Ⅰ protein were significantly higher in group C than in group A and group B, and in group B than in group A (P<0.05). ConclusionUnder the action of stretch, the expression of TUG1 in the femoral distraction area of rats increases, which promotes the expression of CNR2 by inhibiting the expression of miR-545-3P, which is helpful to the mineralization of the extension area and osteogenesis.
ObjectivesTo examine the cognitive performance among the elderly and associated influencing factors.MethodsUsing data from the six issues of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted from 1998 to 2011, selecting adults aged 80 years or above, multilevel hierarchical model was utilized to estimate the trend of the elderly's cognitive performance and its influencing factors.ResultsA total of 128 cases were studied. The descent in MMSE was not significant with the growth of age (P=0.834). Female's MMSE scores were lower than male's (P=0.011) and descended quicker (P=0.015). Furthermore, ADL status and level of leisure activity were significantly related to the cognitive performance of both male and female (P<0.05).ConclusionsParticipation in leisure activities were the crucial protective factor for cognitive performance. It's recommended that measures be taken respectively for elderly males and females, and policies be stressed to enhance their cognitive performance, thus to guarantee their healthy aging.
中药临床试验是中医药研究中发展较快的一个领域，临床研究协调员（CRC）在中药临床试验中有重要作用，其工作范围涉及到中药临床试验的各个方面。由于中药临床试验有着不同于西药临床试验的特点，CRC在中药临床试验中的作用也有其特殊性，对提高临床试验的安全性、科学性及试验数据的可信度方面起重要作用。
Objective To investigate the effect on expression regulation of calmodulin-dependent kinases casades (CaMK) Ⅱ on liver function after liver transplantation in rats. Methods Allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation model was established by using the classic two-cuff method. The lentiviral expression systems of CaMKⅡγ protein and CaMKⅡγ shRNA were constructed. The lentiviral vector expressing CaMKⅡγ shRNA and the lentiviral vector expressing CaMKⅡγ protein were perfused into the rat after liver transplantation respectively, and the corresponding blank vector and normal saline were perfused into the control group at the same time. The serum levels of ALT and AST were measured at different time points of inferior vena cava blood in rats. Results The serum ALT and AST levels were debased in the after transplantation rats whose lentiviral vector expressing CaMKⅡγ shRNA (P<0.05). The serum ALT and AST levels were raised in the after transplantation rats whose lentiviral vector expressing CaMKⅡγ protein (P<0.05). There were no significant difference of serum ALT and AST levels between the blank control group and the saline group (P>0.05). Conclusion Specific blocking of CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway can effectively reduce the serum ALT and AST levels after liver transplantation in rats, and enhanced CaMK Ⅱ signaling pathway increases the serum ALT and AST levels after liver transplantation in rats.
Objective To learn the current status, publication standards, formats, and contents of medical advertisements published in journals in China, and to discuss the possibility of evidence-based evaluation and standards for advertisement publication. Methods We handsearched Issue One, 2008 of 222 core medical journals indexed by A Guide to the Core Journals of China (2004 version) and the most important databases to index top 20% academic journals to identify basic journal information and the content of their advertisements. The general and trade name of the drugs, and the advertisements and production license number of the drugs and devices were collected. We used EXCEL software for data input and SPSS 13.0 for statistical analyses. Results Two-hundred and eighteen journals were handsearched and evaluated. The other 4 journals were excluded because the print version could not be found. A total of 1,201 advertisements were published in 159 (72.9%) of the journals, with the average of 5.5 (range of 1-37) for each journal. Of the advertisements, 910 (75.8%) were related to medical drugs or devices, including 598 (49.8%) drug and 312 (26.0%) medical device advertisements. Most of them were published in clinical and special medical journals. There were 518 (86.6%) drug advertisements which had both advertisement license and production license number, but only 116 (36.1%) medical device advertisements stated the advertisement license and production license number. Conclusion The medical drug advertisements published in core medical journals in China lack sufficient publication standards, and medical device advertisements are even worse. We cannot conclude the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of advertisement production according to the current limited, unclear, and highly-commercialized advertisements.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the prognosis of fetal isolated hyper echogenic kidneys (IHEK) on prenatal ultrasound examination. MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, WanFang Data, and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect cross-sectional studies on the prognosis of fetal IHEK on prenatal ultrasound examination from January 1990 to January 2021. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using R 3.5.2 software. ResultsA total of 9 cross-sectional studies involving 348 fetuses were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the incidence rate of live births was 79% (95%CI 69% to 88%), termination of pregnancy/neonatal mortality (TOP/NND) was 30% (95%CI 15% to 45%), normal kidneys was 34% (95%CI 15% to 53%), autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) was 21% (95%CI 12% to 30%), autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was 13% (95%CI 5% to 21%), and multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) was 4% (95%CI 2% to 7%). Subgroup analysis showed that the prognosis of normal amniotic fluid subgroup was significantly superior to that of reduced amniotic fluid subgroup. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with IHEK on prenatal ultrasound examination is high, the prognosis is superior when IHEK with normal amniotic fluid volume, and is worse when with small amniotic fluid volume. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusion.