ObjectiveTo investigate the situation of internal antibody positive rate of Chinese who exposed to rabies virus and received full procedure of rabies vaccination, and to provide the basis for the adjustment of rabies vaccination procedure and policy. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including WanFang Data, VIP, CNKI, PubMed and EMbase from inception to May 2015 to collect studies about Chinese exposed to rabies virus and received full procedure rabies vaccination. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using R software (R3.2.1). ResultsA total of 33 studies were included. The combined antibody positive rate was 93.99% with 95%CI 92.02% to 95.70%. Antibody positive rate among male was 93.73% with 95%CI 91.65% to 95.54%, while among female was 94.33% with 95%CI 92.35% to 96.04%, and there was no significant difference between male and female (P>0.05). The antibody positive rate of hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine was 89.94% with 95%CI 86.09% to 95%, while the antibody positive rate of vero cell rabies vaccine was 96.65% with 95%CI 94.99% to 94.99%, and there was significant difference between both groups (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in antibody positive rates among different years of rabies vaccine (P>0.05). However, the antibody positive rate of rabies vaccine had a tendency to reduce with the increasing age ConclusionAntibody positive rate of vero cell rabies vaccine is higher than that of hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine. Older people have lower antibody positive rate after receiving rabies vaccination. We suggest using vero cell rabies vaccine when giving rabies vaccination; elderly people should receive booster vaccination after basic vaccination.
Objective To investigate safety of influenza A H1N1 vaccine vaccinations. Methods A total of 3 300 medical workers were vaccinated by batch of 200909012 influenza A H1N1 vaccine produced by Shanghai Biological Products Corporation Limited according to the principle of voluntary and concentration. The adverse reactions were observed within half an hour, three days and a week after vaccinations, respectively. Results The inoculators with local or systemic reaction reached 1.18% (39/3 300). There were 0.15% (5/3 300) of the inoculators with adverse reaction within half an hour; 0.70% (23/3 300) within 1 to 3 days after vaccination; and 0.33% (11/3 300) within 3 days to 1 week after vaccination. No severe adverse events were found. Conclusion Influenza A H1N1 vaccine vaccinations is an economic and effective way of influenza A H1N1 prevention with mild reactions.
Objective To investigate the vaccination rate of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in patients undergoing cardiac mechanical valve replacement and to evaluate its effect on international normalized ratio (INR) value. MethodsWe investigated 132 patients who had received cardiac mechanical valve replacement and followed up in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from May to October 2021. There were 51 males and 81 females aged 26-72 (53.01±9.51) years. ResultsThe vaccination coverage rate was 53.8%. Among the 61 unvaccinated patients, concerns about heart side-effects were the main reason. The average INR of the first review after vaccination was higher than that of the last review before vaccination, with a difference of 0.40±0.72 (P<0.001). ConclusionThe vaccination rate of patients after cardiac mechanical valve replacement is low. At the same time, COVID-19 vaccine may increase INR value, and it is suggested that patients should increase the frequency of review and adjust warfarin dosage after vaccination.
Objective To investigate the free influenza vaccination of health care workers in major departments and explore the possible influencing factors of influenza vaccination of staff. Methods In November 2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among health care workers who received free influenza vaccination in 19 major departments of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and the un-vaccinated workers’ information was obtained from the registration system of staff information. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of free influenza vaccination. Results The coverage rate of centralized free influenza vaccination of staff in major departments was 32.7% (1101/3369). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that workers who were female [odds ratio (OR)=1.853, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.481, 2.318), P<0.001], with an educational background of high school or below [OR=4.304, 95%CI (2.484, 7.455), P<0.001], engaged in nursing work [OR=2.341, 95%CI (1.701, 3.221), P<0.001], and with 11 or more years of working experience [OR=2.410, 95%CI (1.657, 3.505), P<0.001] were more likely to inject influenza vaccine, and workers who had a bachelor’s degree were less likely to inject influenza vaccine. Conclusions The rate of free influenza vaccination among medical staff is low. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of influenza vaccination among medical staff, it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of the population and take targeted measures to improve the level of vaccination among medical staff.
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic and parasitic disease caused by tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The most common forms of the disease are cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus mutilocularis, respectively, and posing a serious health challenge and economic burden to human society. The most adapted treatment is surgical excision plus chemotherapy, although which mostly is effective, the traumatic damage from the invasive procedure and the adverse effects of the prolonged chemotherapy are profound. Conventional preventions include controlling the source of infection, improving the sanitation in livestock slaughter, strengthening surveillance, and increasing public health education. However, the outcome is limited by the complicity of the geographical nature, cultural background, and unique lifestyle. Vaccination is the most safe and cost-effective way to control infectious diseases. The partial success of recombinant Eg95 as a veterinary vaccine had established a theoretical foundation for the development of a human echinococcosis vaccine, which will shed a light on the prevention, control, and eventual elimination of the human infection. There are promising vaccine candidates in the research and development pipelines in the form of parasite tissue extract proteins, recombinant proteins, nucleic acids, synthetic antigenic epitopes, and vector vaccines. These candidates have shown potential to induce protective humoral and cellular immune responses that block the invasion, eradicate the worm at an early stage, or prevent the onset of infection. We reviewed the progress in the vaccine development and discussed the challenges and solutions in the research and development to facilitate the licensure of a vaccine against human echinococcosis.
【摘要】 目的 应用调查问卷分析培训前后成都市社区医生对肺炎球菌疫苗的认识，为推动社区肺炎球菌疫苗接种奠定基础。 方法 对215名成都市社区医生进行肺炎球菌疾病及预防知识的培训，并在培训前后行问卷调查，回收问卷并分析。 结果 经培训，社区医生提高了对肺炎球菌疾病及疫苗接种知识的掌握程度，加深了对肺炎球菌疾病及疫苗接种重要性的认识。 结论 对社区医生进行肺炎球菌相关知识的培训，有利于提高社区医生对肺炎球菌疫苗接种推荐的专业性和成功率。【Abstract】 Objective To know the community doctors’ understanding of pneumococcal vaccine before and after the education via questionnaire. Methods A total of 215 community doctors in Chengdu were educated in pneumococcal disease and the prevention knowledge. Questionnaire investigation was performed before and after the education and the results were analyzed. Results After the education, the acknowledgement of pneumococcal vaccination of the community doctors was improved. Conclusion The education of the knowledge of pneumococcal vaccine for the community doctors helps to improve the acknowledgement of pneumococcal vaccination.
Vaccine-associated uveitis (VAU) usually refers to a rare adverse reaction that occurs after vaccination. The clinical manifestations of VAU are most often anterior with mild symptoms and responded promptly to topical corticosteroids. However, more severe forms of posterior and panuveitis may also occur, such as multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. The pathogenesis of VAU is still unclear. Currently, it mainly includes vaccine Shoenfeld syndrome, type Ⅲ hypersensitivity reaction caused by immune complex deposition, direct infection with live attenuated vaccine, and molecular mimicry theory. VAU is self-limiting, and most patients heal without treatment. In the future, it is recommended to ask all patients with uveitis about their recent vaccination history in the clinic. For patients with inactivated vaccine or recombinant/subunit vaccination history, the possibility of developing Shoenfeld syndrome should be considered, and the history, signs and symptoms related to autoimmune diseases should be carefully looked for.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between peripheral T cell apoptosis and specific immune tolerance induced by T cell vaccination（TCV）. MethodsT cell vaccinations were made from the spleen cells of SD rats, which were induced by ConA and were challenged with the spleen cells of Wistar rats. Normal SD rats were vaccinated intraperitoneally with TCV (experimental group) or RPMI 1640 culture buffer (control group) respectively .Oneway mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were performed,the apoptosis of peripheral T cell were assayed using flow cytometric analysis before and after vaccination.ResultsIn experimental group, the result of MLR showed that the response captivity of SD rat spleen cells were suppressed significantly after vaccination in comparison with prevaccination (Plt;0.01) and the percentage of peripheral T cell apoptosis was increased significantly after vaccination compared with prevaccination (Plt;0.01); In control group, there was no significant difference between prevaccination and postvaccination about MLR and peripheral T cell apoptosis. ConclusionT cell vaccination is capable of inducing Agspecific immune tolerance, the T cell apoptosis of peripheral blood induced by T cell vaccination may result in the depletion of Agspecific reactive T cells, which is vital in inducing specific immune tolerance.