There has been ongoing progress in the new technique and equipment in vitreoretinal surgery in recent years, contributing to the improvement of treatment of various vitreoretinal diseases. The application of 3D heads-up display viewing system (3D viewing system) has been one of the most fascinating breakthroughs in vitreoretinal surgery. Unlike the traditional method in which the surgeons have to look through the microscope eyepieces, this system allows them to turn their heads up and operate with their eyes on a high-definition 3D monitor. It provides the surgeons with superior visualization and stereoscopic sensation. And increasing studies have revealed it to be as safe and effective as the traditional microscopic system. Furthermore, the surgeons can keep a heads-up position in a more comfortable posture and lesson the pressure on cervical spine. Meanwhile, 3D viewing system makes it easier for the teaching and learning process among surgeons and assistants. However, there are still potential disadvantages including the latency between surgeon maneuver and visualization on the display, learning curves and cost. We hope that the 3D viewing system will be widely used and become a useful new tool for various vitreoretinal diseases in the near future with rapid development in the technology and constant upgrade of the system.
The article titled "The global burden of lung cancer: Current status and future trends" which is recently published in Nature Reviews Cinical Oncology has provided a detailed analysis of the current global status of lung cancer. This article focuses on the global burden of lung cancer, risk factors, related prevention, control measures and treatment progress. Based on the current situation of lung cancer in the world, this paper analyzes the current situation of lung cancer in China, and briefly interprets the key points of prevention as well as control measures in the article.
ObjectiveTo understand the current status, research hotspots, and future trends in the field of retinoblastoma (RB). MethodsUsing the Web of Science Core Collection SSCI and SCI-Expanded as data sources, relevant RB literature from January 2015 to November 2024 was retrieved. The bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace 6.2.R6 was employed to perform visual analyses of countries/regions, institutions, journals, authors, co-cited references, and keywords. ResultsA total of 5 042 relevant publications were identified. Annual publication numbers in this field consistently exceeded 400, peaking at 565 in 2021. The United States contributed the highest number of publications, with 1 600 articles (31.73%). Among institutions, Harvard University ranked first with 167 publications (3.31%). Abramson DH of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center published the most papers (75). Nature (United Kingdom) received the highest citation count (2 349). The highest betweenness centrality was observed for the United States (0.14) among countries/regions, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (0.21) among institutions, and Berry JL of Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (0.21) at the author level. Co-citation and keyword analyses revealed that RB research hotspots are shifting from a focus on basic molecular mechanisms, such as the cell cycle and RB protein, toward advanced therapeutic strategies, such as intra-arterial chemotherapy and nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Emerging keywords such as complexity, chemoresistance and carboplatin indicate that future studies will focus on optimising diagnosis and treatment. ConclusionsFrom 2015 to 2024, RB research displayed a sustained growth trend, with the United States and its institutions and scholars contributing the most publications. The research focus has shifted from the exploration of molecular mechanisms to the optimization of precise treatment strategies, among which the application of nanotechnology and the resolution of drug resistance mechanisms will become key breakthrough directions.
Objective To explore the global research status and trends of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) based on knowledge visualization analysis. Methods Based on the Web of Science Core Collection, studies reporting CRRT research that were published between June 2014 and June 2023 were retrieved and collected after manual review. VOSviewer and CiteSpace softwares were used for bibliometric visualization analysis, including publication trends, geographical distribution characteristics, journal distribution characteristics, author contributions, citations, funding source characteristics, and keyword clustering. Results A total of 2708 papers were analyzed, with an increasing trend in the number of articles and citation frequency from 2015 to 2021. The United States was the most prolific country and France was the most influential country. The University of Pittsburgh in the United States had the highest number of publications among research institutions and showed higher motivation for inter-institutional collaboration. The University of Queensland in the Australia had the highest average citation frequency. Professor Rinaldo Bellomo of Australia was the most productive author and Professor Jeffrey Lipman was the most influential. Jason A. Roberts, Jeffrey Lipman and Claudio Ronco were the three authors who had the highest number of collaborations with other authors. Keyword cluster analysis showed that the prognosis of CRRT for renal disease was the focus of research, with hotspots of research being antibiotics, citrate accumulation, plasma replacement, lactate clearance, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019. Coupling analysis of the literature showed that exploring the indications for CRRT and optimizing treatment prescription were at the forefront of research. Conclusions The present study of CRRT has generally shown an upward trend in the last decade. The management and efficacy of CRRT remains a hot topic of research. Exploring the indications for CRRT and optimizing treatment prescriptions may be a popular research direction and trend in the future.
Objective To analyze the trend of standardized infection ratio (SIR) of surgical site infection (SSI) in small bowel surgery, objectively evaluate the effect of infection control, and provide evidence-based strategies for SSI prevention. Methods According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) / National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance definitions for specific types of infections and the monitoring methods of SSI events published by NHSN, the SSI and related risk factors of adult inpatients undergoing small bowel surgery in Yichang Central People’s Hospital between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2022 were prospectively monitored. The inpatients undergoing small bowel surgery that meets the definition of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision Clinical Modifications/Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-CM/PCS), a multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to calculate the predicted infections in each year, the model included the risk factors for small bowel surgery in NHSN Complex Admission/Readmission (A/R) SSI Model with 7 years of surveillance data as the baseline. The SIR was calculated by dividing the number of observed SSI by the number of predicted SSI in each year. The Mid-P method was used to test the difference of SIR compared to the previous year, and the linear regression model was used to analyze the trend of SIR. Results A total of 2 436 patients were included, with 48 cases of deep incision infection and 49 cases of organ/cavity infection, and the overall incidence rate of infection was 4.0%. From 2016 to 2022, there were 151, 244, 222, 260, 320, 408, and 831 patients who underwent small bowel surgery, respectively. The Mid-P test showed that there was a significant difference in SIR from 2016 to 2019 (P<0.05), and there was an increase in 2018 compared with 2017. There was no significant difference in SIR compared to the previous year from 2019 to 2022 (P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the trend of SIR of SSI (P=0.065). Conclusions From January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022, advances have been made in SSI control practices of small bowel surgery in six consecutive years, except for 2018, but there was no annual downward trend from 2020 to 2022. The use of SIR provides a new approach for evaluating the quality of infection control.
The hallmark of the recent latest advances in diagnostic fundus imaging technology is combination of complex hierarchical levels and depths, as well as wide-angle imaging, ultra-wide imaging. The clinical application of wide-angle and ultra-wide imaging, not only can reevaluate the role of the peripheral retina, the classification types and treatment modalities of central retinal vein occlusion, and enhance the reliability of diabetic retinopathy screening, improve the classification and therapeutic decision of diabetic retinopathy, and but also can help guide and improve laser photocoagulation. However we must clearly recognize that the dominant role of ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases cannot be replaced by any advanced fundus imaging technology including wide-angle imaging. We emphasize to use the three factors of cognitive performance (technology, knowledge and thinking) to improve the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases in China.
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have become one of the cutting-edge technologies in the world, and have been mainly applicated in medicine. In this article, we sorted out the development history and important scenarios of BCIs in medical application, analyzed the research progress, technology development, clinical transformation and product market through qualitative and quantitative analysis, and looked forward to the future trends. The results showed that the research hotspots included the processing and interpretation of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, the development and application of machine learning algorithms, and the detection and treatment of neurological diseases. The technological key points included hardware development such as new electrodes, software development such as algorithms for EEG signal processing, and various medical applications such as rehabilitation and training in stroke patients. Currently, several invasive and non-invasive BCIs are in research. The R&D level of BCIs in China and the United State is leading the world, and have approved a number of non-invasive BCIs. In the future, BCIs will be applied to a wider range of medical fields. Related products will develop shift from a single mode to a combined mode. EEG signal acquisition devices will be miniaturized and wireless. The information flow and interaction between brain and machine will give birth to brain-machine fusion intelligence. Last but not least, the safety and ethical issues of BCIs will be taken seriously, and the relevant regulations and standards will be further improved.
ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and epidemiological trends of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) disease burden attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021. Furthermore, based on predictive models, assess the patterns of disease burden changes from 2022 to 2031, providing a scientific basis for formulating targeted TBL prevention and control strategies. MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we analyzed the disease burden data of TBL attributed to air pollution globally and in China and the United States from 1990 to 2021. R Studio 4.3.2 software was used to analyze the corresponding trends and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) prediction model was used to predict the status of the disease burden of TBL attributed to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States from 2022 to 2031. ResultsIn 2021, the highest number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years attributed to air pollution were in China (211 400 patients and 4.8947 million person-years), followed by the United States (6 000 patients and 124 300 person-years). The age standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) of TBL due to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States showed a decreasing trend (with an average annual percentage change of<0). From 1990 to 2021, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL in China due to air pollution were much higher than those in the United States and the global average. In terms of gender, from 1990 to 2021, the disease burden of male patients with TBL attributed to air pollution in the world and in China and the United States was much higher than that of female patients. The BAPC prediction model showed that from 2022 to 2031, the ASMR and ASDR of TBL attributed to air pollution will showed an upward trend globally, while they showed a downward trend in China and the United States. ConclusionOver the past 30 years, the air pollution-related TBL disease burden in the world and in China and the United States has continued to decline, but China's level is still significantly higher than the global average. The disease burden in men far exceeds that in women, with men and the elderly population aged ≥50 years being high-risk groups. In the future, the global disease trend may reverse and rise, while China and the United States are expected to continuously decline. However, precise prevention and control for high-risk groups remains a key challenge.
Optical imaging technology of ocular fundus, including fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), is growing at an unprecedented speed and scale and is integrating into the routine clinical management of ocular fundus diseases, such as diagnosis, treatment, and mechanism study. While FFA allow us to observe the retinal and choroidal blood circulation, OCT and FAF are non-invasive, fast and quantifiable measurement; such techniques show even more unique advantages and are favored tools. All these retinal imaging technologies, together with a variety of retinal function assessments, bring us into the era of big data of ocular fundus diseases. All of these developments are the challenges and opportunities for the operator and user of these fundus optics imaging technologies. In order to improve its clinical applications and allocate resources rationally, we need to understand the optical properties of these retinal imaging technologies, and standardize diagnosis behavior. This is a continuous learning process needs to continue to explore.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2020–2024 global TB reports provide a comprehensive overview of the TB situation from 2019 to 2023. In 2023, TB re-emerged as the world's leading infectious killer, with an estimated 10.8 million new cases. While the growth in the incidence rate slowed, the number of deaths decreased to 1.25 million. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted TB control efforts in 2020–2021. As control measures are gradually restored, a positive trend in TB control is emerging. However, significant regional disparities in incidence persist, with eight high-burden countries, including India and China, accounting for over two-thirds of the global total. In 2023, global treatment coverage for drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) was 44.00% with a treatment success rate of 68.00%; yet, with 400 000 new drug-resistant cases, the control situation remains severe. China has achieved remarkable progress in TB control: new cases fell to 741 000 in 2023 (an incidence of 52 per 100 000); mortality decreased significantly; its share of the global DR-TB burden dropped from 14.00% to 7.30%; and the TB/HIV co-infection rate declined from 1.68% in 2019 to 0.66% in 2023, outperforming the global average. Globally, control measures continue to be optimized: treatment coverage increased from 70.00% in 2019 to 75.00% in 2023, the number of people receiving preventive therapy grew to 4.7 million, and rapid diagnostic coverage reached 48.00%. In China, the number of patients treated recovered to 565 000 in 2023, and rapid diagnostic coverage rose to 74.00%. Although technological innovations have enhanced the efficiency of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management, achieving the 2030 End TB Strategy goals will require strengthening TB management, building primary healthcare capacity, and targeting interventions for high-risk populations, while balancing resource allocation with technological innovation to address the challenges of a heterogeneous global epidemic.