The present paper is to evaluate the scientific research level and development trends of biomedical engineering in China using metrology analysis on Chinese biomedical engineering scientific literatures. Pubmed is used to search the biomedical engineering publications in recent 5 years which are indexed by Science Citation Index, and the number and cited times of these publications and the impact factor of the journals are analyzed. The results show that comparing with the world, although the number of the publication in China has increased in recent 5 years, there is still much room for improvement. Among Chinese mainland, Hongkong and Taiwan, Chinese mainland maintains the obvious advantage in this subject, but Hongkong has the highest average cited number. Shanghai and Beijing have better research ability than other areas in Chinese mainland.
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the key characteristic of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), and the effective therapy is intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents based on clinical and basic research. In the meantime the challenge is how to further improve the inhibiting effect for CNV and visual function of anti-VEGF treatment on nAMD. The new strategy and drug delivery devices for anti-VEGF treatment will optimize the clinical scheme. From bench to bedside, the research on targeted treatment of angiogenesis brings the bloom of nAMD medical therapy.
ObjectiveTo analyze the disease burden and evolving trends for gastric cancer in China and worldwide from 1990 to 2021. MethodsBased on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we analyzed the burden of gastric cancer using indicators such as incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lost due to disability (YLDs). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of these indicators to show trends over time. ResultsIn 2021, the standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer was 14.33 (per 100 000) worldwide and 29.05 (per 100 000) in China, with corresponding standardized mortality rates of 11.20 (per 100 000) and 21.51 (per 100 000). The standardized incidence rate of gastric cancer in China trended downward during 1990–2021 (AAPC=–1.61%, P<0.05), but was lower than the global decline (AAPC=–1.77%, P<0.05). During 1990-2021 in China, the rates of standardized DALYs (AAPC=–2.76%, P<0.05), standardized YLLs (AAPC=–2.78%, P<0.05) and standardized YLDs (AAPC= –1.25%, P<0.05) all showed a significant decrease. The global rates of standardized DALYs (AAPC=–2.42%, P<0.05), standardized YLLs (AAPC=–2.44%, P<0.05) and standardized YLDs (AAPC=–1.56%, P<0.05) all showed a significant decrease. These AAPC values above indicated a general attenuation in the gastric cancer burden across all age groups, both in China and worldwide. ConclusionsDespite these signs of a decline in disease burden indicators for gastric cancer in China and worldwide, the number of cases and deaths in gastric cancer remains substantial coupled with the heavy burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, increased efforts in early detection and prevention strategies are of utmost importance to further reduce the impact of this malignant disease.
Objective To analyze the disease burden of liver cancer caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among the Chinese population by utilizing the latest global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 data, and conduct a comparative analysis with the global situation, so as to provide references and lessons for the formulation of public health policies and disease management plans in China. Methods GBD 2021 database publicly released in May 2024 was searched and relevant disease burden data of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 was sorted out. Joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the age-standardized rates of various burden indicators in order to evaluate the changing characteristics of disease epidemiology over time. Meanwhile, Bayesian method was used to predict the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 2022 to 2045. Results Compared with 1990, in 2021, the number of incidences, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally all increased. Moreover, in 1990 and 2021, all the burden indicators of the Chinese male population were higher than those of the female population in the corresponding years. The overall trend analysis showed that during the 32 years from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate [AAPC=0.44%, 95%CI (0.35%, 0.53%), P<0.001] and the age-standardized prevalence rate [AAPC=0.92%, 95%CI (0.73%, 1.11%), P<0.001] of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall population in China both showed a significant upward trend. In addition, in 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized rates of all the burden indicators of the overall population in China were higher than the global levels in the corresponding years. The prediction results of the Bayesian model showed that from 2022 to 2045, the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally will generally show an upward trend. Conclusions The disease burden of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally is generally on the rise. In order to curb the increasing disease burden, it is necessary to formulate relevant public health policies and disease management plans in a timely manner.
ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of muscle and tendon injuries in Chinese from 2005 to 2019. MethodsUsing Joinpoint regression model and age-time-cohort model, the average annual percent change (AAPC) was used to analyze the incidence of muscle and tendon injury in Chinese from 2005 to 2019. The influence of age, period and birth cohort on the incidence of muscle and tendon injury was analyzed by sex. ResultsFrom 2005 to 2019, the incidence of muscle and tendon injury in Chinese residents increased (AAPC=2.0%, P<0.05), and the AAPC of females was higher than that of males (AAPC values were 2.1% and 1.9%, respectively, P<0.05). The results of age-time-cohort model showed that the age effect, period effect and cohort effect coefficient were statistically significant. The age effect and cohort effect coefficient fluctuated, and the period effect coefficient increased continuously. The period effect is dominant in three effects. ConclusionThe incidence of muscle and tendon injuries in Chinese residents has increased rapidly. Children aged 5 to 9, people aged 20 to 29 and elderly women aged 85 to 94 are the key groups.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trends of gallbladder cancer incidence and mortality in Zhejiang cancer registration areas from 2000 to 2021, providing a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for gallbladder cancer. MethodsData on incidence and mortality were collected from 22 cancer registry areas in Zhejiang Province from 2000 to 2021, calculating the crude incidence (mortality), age-standardized incidence / mortality rate by Chinese standard population(ASR China), age-standardized incidence /mortality rate by World standard population (ASR World) and cumulative rate (0–74 years old). The average annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated by using Joinpoint software. ResultsIn 2021, the crude incidence of gallbladder cancer in Zhejiang cancer registration areas was 6.79 per 100 000. The ASR China and ASR World were 2.99 and 2.96 per 100 000, respectively, ranking 18th of all new cancer cases. The incidence ASR China in female (3.13 per 100 000) was higher than that in male (2.85 per 100 000). The incidence ASR China in rural areas (3.01 per 100 000) was slightly higher than that in urban areas (2.97 per 100 000). The crude mortality of gallbladder cancer was 5.14 per 100 000, with the mortality ASR China and ASR World of 2.09 and 2.10 per 100 000, respectively, ranking 10th of all new cancer deaths. The mortality ASR China in female (2.19 per 100 000) was higher than that in male (1.98 per 100 000). The mortality ASR China in urban areas (2.11 per 100 000) was slightly higher than that in rural areas (2.07 per 100 000). Both the crude incidence and mortality of gallbladder cancer increased with age. The crude incidence and mortality showed an upward trend over time, with AAPC of 2.59% and 3.75%, respectively (P<0.001). The incidence ASR China did not show significant changes over time (AAPC=0.05%, P=0.856). The incidence ASR China in male and rural areas showed increasing trends over time, with AAPCs of 0.89% (P=0.016) and 1.14% (P=0.001), respectively. The incidence ASR China in female and urban areas showed no significant trends over time, with AAPCs of –0.26% (P=0.503) and –0.02% (P=0.967), respectively. The mortality showed a slower upward trend after adjusting the age structure (AAPC=1.01%, P=0.020). ConclusionsThe elderly population in rural areas, especially elderly women, are the primary targets for the prevention and control of gallbladder cancer. Aging is the main factor contributing to the increase in the incidence and mortality of gallbladder cancer. After adjusting for demographic factors, the overall upward trend of the incidence in the male population and rural areas, as well as mortality, cannot be ignored.
Objective To explore the global research status and trends of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) based on knowledge visualization analysis. Methods Based on the Web of Science Core Collection, studies reporting CRRT research that were published between June 2014 and June 2023 were retrieved and collected after manual review. VOSviewer and CiteSpace softwares were used for bibliometric visualization analysis, including publication trends, geographical distribution characteristics, journal distribution characteristics, author contributions, citations, funding source characteristics, and keyword clustering. Results A total of 2708 papers were analyzed, with an increasing trend in the number of articles and citation frequency from 2015 to 2021. The United States was the most prolific country and France was the most influential country. The University of Pittsburgh in the United States had the highest number of publications among research institutions and showed higher motivation for inter-institutional collaboration. The University of Queensland in the Australia had the highest average citation frequency. Professor Rinaldo Bellomo of Australia was the most productive author and Professor Jeffrey Lipman was the most influential. Jason A. Roberts, Jeffrey Lipman and Claudio Ronco were the three authors who had the highest number of collaborations with other authors. Keyword cluster analysis showed that the prognosis of CRRT for renal disease was the focus of research, with hotspots of research being antibiotics, citrate accumulation, plasma replacement, lactate clearance, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019. Coupling analysis of the literature showed that exploring the indications for CRRT and optimizing treatment prescription were at the forefront of research. Conclusions The present study of CRRT has generally shown an upward trend in the last decade. The management and efficacy of CRRT remains a hot topic of research. Exploring the indications for CRRT and optimizing treatment prescriptions may be a popular research direction and trend in the future.
Poisoning is a common cause of emergency room visits in China, contributing to the fifth leading cause of death among Chinese residents together with injury. This paper describes the development characteristics and morbidity tendency of poisoning in China, in the context of social development in a domestic and foreign view. In addition, the key points to the construction of the discipline and key research realms of poisoning are emphasized, including focusing on the major types of poisoning, evaluating the effectiveness of gastrointestinal decontamination techniques, developing and applying extracorporeal elimination techniques, poison detection techniques, and developing toxic bio-identification techniques.
The multi-fractal de-trended fluctuation analysis was used to estimate the mental stress in the present study. In order to obtain the optimal fractal order of the multi-fractal de-trended fluctuation analysis, we analyzed the relationship between singular index and Hurst index with order. We recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG) of 14 students, compared the relationship between singular index, Hurst index and quality index, ensured the optimal order being [—5, 5] and achieved the estimation of mental stress with the β wave in the EEGs. The result indicated that Hurst index and quality index of the EEGs under mental stress were greater than those of EEGs in the relaxing state. The Hurst index was gradually decreasing with the order increasing and was finally approaching a constant, while the quality index was amplified and variation of amplitude of the singular index was more obvious. We also compared the amplitude and the width of singular spectrum of the EEGs under the two conditions, and results indicated that the characteristics of multi-fractal spectrum of the EEGs under different conditions were different, namely the width of singular spectrum of the EEGs under mental stress was greater than that under relax condition.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological burden and change trend of five sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe estimated numbers and standardized rates of STIs incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in China and other regions were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The epidemic burden and change trend of STIs in China were compared and evaluated. ResultsIn 2019, STIs affected about 242 million people in China, resulting in 173 million new cases and 350 000 person years of DALY losses. Compared with 1990, the prevalence and incidence of STIs increased by 59.75% and 30.02%, respectively, and the number of DALY decreased by 35.19%. From 1990 to 2019, the incidence rate of chlamydia infection and gonococcal infection in the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) showed an upward trend; in addition, the DALY rate of genital herpes and trichomoniasis also increased. Among the 5 STIs, the disease burden caused by trichomoniasis infection in women was much higher than that in men. With the increase in the socio-demographic index (SDI), the burden of STIs in China gradually decreased. After the SDI exceeded 0.65, the decline rate of standardized DALY rate sharply increased. ConclusionThe disease burden of STIs in China shows a downward trend from 1990 to 2019, and the disease burden of the young and middle-aged group (aged 15-49 years) is the most significant, especially in trichomoniasis and chlamydia infection.