Non-drug treatment of hypertension has become a research hotspot, which might overcome the heavy economic burden and side effects of drug treatment for the patients. Because of the good treatment effect and convenient operation, a new treatment based on slow breathing training is increasingly becoming a kind of physical therapy for hypertension. This paper explains the principle of hypertension treatment based on slow breathing training method, and introduces the overall structure of the portable blood pressure controlling instrument, including breathing detection circuit, the core control module, audio module, memory module and man-machine interaction module. We give a brief introduction to the instrument and the software in this paper. The prototype testing results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on controlling the blood pressure.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on weight loss and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. MethodsThe computer conducted searches in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to HIIT and weight loss, fat reduction, and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases to March 31, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. After evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. ResultsA total of 19 RCTs, involving 595 overweight/obese participants, were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared wtih the control group, HIIT interventions effectively reduced body weight (MD=−2.63, 95%CI −4.04 to −1.23, P<0.05), BMI (MD=−1.21, 95%CI −1.95 to −0.48, P<0.05), Fat% (MD=−1.66, 95%CI −2.28 to −1.04, P<0.05), TG (MD=−0.13, 95%CI −0.25 to −0.01, P=0.04), HDL (MD=0.14, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.23, P<0.05), and LDL (MD=−0.26, 95%CI −0.39 to −0.13, P<0.05) levels but did not improve TC (MD=−0.15, 95%CI −0.36 to 0.06, P=0.15) levels. ConclusionHIIT intervention can effectively improve body weight, BMI, Fat%, TG, HDL, and LDL levels in overweight/obese populations, particularly showing a more pronounced improvement in lipid profiles among overweight/obese adolescents, but it does not reduce TC levels. This study demonstrates that HIIT may be an effective strategy to assist in weight loss and prevent cardiovascular diseases in overweight/obese populations, with potential for broader application.
ObjectiveTo compare the three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopic simulator with two-dimensional (2D) laparoscopic simulator in training of laparoscopic novices.MethodsBetween January 2018 and December 2019, surgical residents from Chinese PLA General Hospital were enrolled, which were grouped into 3D and 2D group. After receiving training program, novices in both two groups subject to performance examination, including bean-picking module, exchange module, transfer module, needle-manipulating module, and suture module. Times and errors were compared between the two groups for each module.ResultsA total of 16 novices in 3D group and 15 novices in 2D group were enrolled, and baseline characteristics including age, gender, major hand, glass wearing, laparoscopic experience, and shooting game experience were well balanced between the two groups (P>0.05). There were comparable times and errors between the two groups in terms of bean-picking module and exchange module (P>0.05). The time of transfer module and needle-manipulating module was not significant between the two groups (P>0.05), but novices in 3D group performed more precise than those in 2D group (P<0.05). In suture module, 3D group had shorter time (P=0.02) and higher accuracy (P=0.03).Conclusion3D laparoscopic simulator can shorten novice performance time in complex procedures, improve accuracy, and facilitate laparoscopic training.
Objective To investigate the effects of repeated shortischemia training on flap survival area, vascular endothelial growth factor and the microvascularsel density. Methods Seventy-two rabbits were divided into:the experimental group(n=64), the skin flaps were constructed in two sides of back, one side flap were given ischemia training for 15 minutes and 8 times one day at the pedicles from the 1st to 8th day after operation (group A), the other side flap was served as a control (group B), the corresponding site was only marked as a blank control group (group C).Then, 8 pedicles of group A and group Bwere isolated every day. The surviving area of all skin flaps were calculated on the5th day after isolating operation. The vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and microvessel density(MVD) of the 3 groups were checked with immunohistologochemical staining. Results After the operation, all animalswere survival with normal vitality.The survival flap area of group A were significant more than that of group B after 3 days(Plt;0.05).The expressions of VEGF and MVD of group A and group B were higher than group C. The expression of VEGF of group A was significantly higher than that of group B(Plt;0.01). The counting of MVD of group A was also significantly higher than that of group B(Plt;0.05). There was positive correlation between flap survival area and MVD in group A. The relation of time point was n and n 2 respectively,correlation coefficient was 0.850. As well as MVD and VEGF were positive correlation,correlation coefficient was 0.801. Conclusion Early repeated shortischemia training can increase flap survival area, the mechanism maybe involve the increased expression of VEGF, which can increased skin flap microvascular density.
Objective To explore the difference of intervention effect between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Data, PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) till May 2022. Two reviewers independently reviewed the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included RCTs. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used for meta-analysis. Result A total of 5 RCTs were included, including 216 patients. The results of meta-analysis showed that: except fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index and body fat percentage (P>0.005), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [mean difference (MD)=−7.487 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−12.543, −2.431) mg/dL, P=0.004], total cholesterol [MD=−11.487 mg/dL, 95%CI (−16.523, −6.452) mg/dL, P<0.001], triglycerides [MD=−26.296 mg/dL, 95%CI (−50.557, −2.035) mg/dL, P=0.034] and diastolic blood pressure [MD=−2.770 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa), 95%CI (−5.131, −0.409) mm Hg, P=0.021] of HIIT were better than MICT. Conclusion In terms of blood glucose indicators and morphological indicators, the effect of HIIT group and MICT group was similar, but the effect of HIIT on blood lipid indicators and blood pressure indicators of patients with MetS was better than MICT.
ObjectiveTo analyze the long-term effect on cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill between video-led and scene simulation training and traditional instructor-led courses in medical student with eight-year program.MethodsNinety-nine medical students with eight-year program who studied in Peking Union Medical College were trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill from January to February 2018. They were randomly divided into two groups, 53 students participated in basic life support course training, which belonged to video-led and scene simulation training as the trial group, and 46 students were trained by traditional instructor-led courses as the control group. In January 2019, the above 99 students were re-evaluated for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skill test in total scores and sub-items scores between two groups were compared. The data were analyzed using t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.ResultsThe total average scores of the trial group (8.02±1.11) was higher than that of the control group (6.85±1.50) (P<0.05). The sub-items scores of the trial group in the three aspects of on-site assessment, chest compressions and simple respirators (1.64±0.37, 3.38±0.46, 1.52±0.58) were higher than those of the control group (1.33±0.45, 2.80±0.76, 1.19±0.58) (P<0.05). In terms of opening airway, there was no significant difference in scores between the two groups (1.02±0.47 vs. 1.10±0.45, P>0.05). The excellent rate of the trial group (60.3%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (30.4%) (P<0.05), and the unqualified rate (5.6%) was significantly lower than that of the control group (21.7%) (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe video-led and scene simulation training has a better effect on cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills acquisition and long-term maintenance than traditional instructor-led courses for medical student with eight-year program.
Objective Through investigating and analyzing the training status quo of rural doctors in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province, to find out problems existing in the training. Methods In October 2010, the on-site questionnaires were distributed to 300 rural doctors from 13 counties who were studying at medical schools of Liangshan Prefecture. The data of their training status were recorded with Epidata 3.0 software and then analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software. Results Among the total 300 questionnaires distributed, 279 were valid with the response rate of 93%. The results showed that: rural doctors in Liangshan Prefecture were generally low in education background and short of knowledge and skills, and took over the burden of the training tuition; and the training content was not fully correlated with theirs actual demands. Conclusion This paper suggests, the in-service training should be conducted on the following bases: the actual situation of Liangshan Prefecture, the adequate consideration of characters of minority region, the improvement of training quality, and the formulation of supporting policies and implementing methods.
The ideological and political education in standardized residency training plays an important role in cultivating medical talents with noble medical ethics and exquisite medical skills. Teaching evaluation is an important method to promote teaching improvement and optimization. However, there are still some problems and challenges in the evaluation of ideological and political education for standardized residency training. This article proposes the ideological and political education of standardized residency training can be comprehensively evaluated by the context-input-process-product evaluation model from four aspects: background, input, process, and result evaluation. The aim is to provide solid support and guidance for the ideological and political education route in standardized residency training.
Objective To systematically review the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on postoperative clinical outcomes among esophageal cancer patients. Methods The PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched from inception to January 16th, 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies on the clinical application of IMT among postoperative esophageal cancer patients. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results Eight studies were included, including 7 RCTs and 1 cohort study, involving 728 participants. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that IMT significantly enhanced postoperative respiratory muscle function [maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP): MD=5.75, 95%CI 0.81 to 10.70, P=0.02; maximum expiratory pressure (MEP): MD=8.19, 95%CI 4.14 to 12.24, P<0.001] and pulmonary function (FEV1%: MD=6.94, 95%CI 5.43 to 8.45, P<0.001; FVC%: MD=4.65, 95%CI 2.70 to 6.60, P<0.001; MVV: MD=8.66, 95%CI 7.17 50 10.14, P<0.001; FEV1/FVC%: MD=8.04, 95%CI 4.68 to 11.40, P<0.001). Additionally, the results indicated that IMT could substantially improve postoperative functional performance [six-minute walk test (6MWT): MD=66.99, 95%CI 10.13 to 123.85, P=0.02; Borg index: MD=−1.03, 95%CI −1.26 to −0.81, P<0.001]. However, no significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative complications was observed. Conclusion IMT can improve the postoperative clinical outcomes of esophageal cancer patients and facilitate patient recovery after surgery, which has high clinical value. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To understand the demands of residents in postgraduate medical education for faculty doctors and provide useful information to teaching hospitals. Methods Two hundred residents were interviewed through questionnaires. Results Demands for faulty doctors were consistent in the following 5 fields: faculty’s synthetic diathesis, adaptability to social and medical changes, information management and research, cooperation and teamwork, and innovation and continuous self-improvement (Pgt;0.05). However, with regard to the faculty doctors’ professionalism, teaching models and atmosphere, the demands of residents in the different stages of postgraduate medical education differed significantly (Plt;0.05). Conclusion Teaching hospitals continuously improve faculty doctors’ abilities and pay much attention to residents’ role transformation.