In this study, the role of newcastle disease virus (NDV) combined thermic solidified tumor vaccine in inhibiting growth of tumor and immune control was investigated, and rate of inhibiting tumor and cellular immunity were measured. The results showed that rate of inhibiting tumor in experimental group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were 24.8% and 41.1% respectively; average weight of tumor was significantly lower in both experimental groups than in control group, and activity of natural killing (NK) cells in experimental groups was higher than that in control group (Ｐ＜0.01). This suggests that NDV combined thermic solidified tumor vaccine can inhibit growth of tumor and improve activity of NK cells, and their effects are better than that of NDV.
ObjectiveTo explore value of ultrasound real-time elastography (RTE) technology for identification of benign and malignant solid thyroid nodules.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed on 125 patients with thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound RTE in this hospital from February 2018 to August 2019. All patients underwent RTE on the basis of conventional ultrasound. The ultrasound elasticity contrast index (ECI) was used as the evaluation index and the pathological examination result was used as the gold standard. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the value of ECI in the identification of benign and malignant solid thyroid nodules. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of ECI.ResultsAmong the 125 patients with solid thyroid nodules, 51 were malignant nodules, 74 were benign nodules. The ECI value of patients with benign thyroid nodules was lower than that of patients with malignant nodules (2.71±0.83 versus 3.42±1.14, t=–4.030, P<0.001). The result of ROC analysis showed that the cutoff value of ECI to distinguish benign and malignant solid thyroid nodules was 3.07, area under curve of ROC was 0.806 [95%CI (0.717, 0.894), P<0.001], sensitivity was 80.3%, specificity was 70.4%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the thyroid nodules with diffuse lesions, calcification, and maximum nodule diameter ≥1 cm were the risk factors for elevated ECI values (P<0.05). For the solid thyroid nodules without diffuse lesions, without calcification, and maximum nodule diameter <1 cm, ECI had the higher sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive value for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules (all exceed 80%), but these indexes were lower (under 60%) for the differential diagnosis of solid thyroid nodules with diffuse diseases, with calcification, and maximum nodule diameter ≥1 cm.ConclusionsECI obtained by ultrasound RTE can be used to differentiate solid thyroid nodules from benign ones. The presence or absence of diffuse lesions, calcification, and maximum nodule diameter are the influencing factors for ECI to differentiate solid thyroid nodules. In clinical diagnosis, it should be paid attention to the comprehensive analysis of the above factors.
Study of the mechanical properties of in vivo corneal materials is an important basis for further study of corneal physiological and pathological phenomena by means of finite element method. In this paper, the elastic coefficient (E) and viscous coefficient (η) of normal cornea and keratoconus under pulse pressure are calculated by using standard linear solid model with the data provided by corneal visualization scheimpflug technology. The results showed that there was a significant difference of E and η between normal cornea and keratoconus cornea (P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) for E, η and their combined indicators were 0.776, 0.895 and 0.948, respectively, which indicated that keratoconus could be predicted by E and η. The results of this study may provide a reference for the early diagnosis of keratoconus and avoid the occurrence of keratoconus after operation, so it has a certain clinical value.
Objective To investigate the influence of including HIV/AIDS patients on the consolidated fund under the New Cooperative Medical System （NCMS）. Methods Designed questionnaires were used to investigate 24 HIV/AIDS patients and 1155 randomized sample of the population to compare their income, requirement for public health service, expenditure of medical care and to analyze the influence of including HIV/AIDS patients. Results We found the income of HIV/AIDS patients was lower than healthy population in 2003 （722 vs. 2 162 RMB） ; but the requirement （outpatient：2 ：1, inpatient：5 ：1 ）and expenditure of medical care was higher in HIV/AIDS patients. Including HIV/ AIDS patients into NCMS would cause an adverse-effect on consolidated fund. When more than 293 HIV/AIDS patients were included, it would be beyond what the consolidated fund can afford. Conclusions Including HIV/AIDS patients into NCMS can decrease the HIV/AIDS expenditure to some degree. But the government still needs to get involved to share risks and to establish an HIV/AIDS fund to cover that part which NCMS could not afford.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress on intra-articular screw penetration in proximal humeral fracture treated with locking plate. MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature about the proximal humeral fracture treated with locking plate was extensively reviewed. The incidence of screw penetration and risk factors were summarized from both primary and secondary screw penetrations, and the reasons of the intra-articular screw penetration and the technical solutions to avoid the penetration were analyzed. ResultsThe incidence of intra-articular screw penetration is about 11%-30%, which includes primary and secondary screw penetrations. The primary screw penetration is related to improper operation, inaccurate measurement, and “Steinmetz solid” effect, which results in inadequate fluoroscopy and blind zone. The secondary screw penetration is related to the loss of reduction and varus, collapse, and necrosis of the humeral head. The risk factors for intra-articular screw penetration include the bone mass density, the fracture type, the quality of fracture reduction, the applied location, number, and length of the plate and screws, and whether medial column buttress is restored. Improved fracture reduction, understanding the geometric distribution of screws, good intraoperative fluoroscopy, and reconstruction of medial column buttress stability are the key points for success. ConclusionThe risk of the intra-articular screw penetration in the proximal humeral fractures treated with locking plates is still high. Follow-up studies need to further clarify the cause and mechanism of screw penetration, and the risk factors that lead to screw penetration, in order to effectively prevent the occurrence of this complication.
Fluid shear stress (FSS) caused by interstitial fluid flow within trabecular bone cavities under mechanical loading is the key factor of stimulating biological response of bone cells. Therefore, to investigate the FSS distribution within cancellous bone is important for understanding the transduction process of mechanical forces within alveolar bone and the regulatory mechanism at cell level during tooth development and orthodontics. In the present study, the orthodontic tooth movement experiment on rats was first performed. Finite element model of tooth-periodontal ligament-alveolar bone based on micro computed tomography (micro-CT) images was established and the strain field in alveolar bone was analyzed. An ideal model was constructed mimicking the porous structure of actual rat alveolar bone. Fluid flow in bone was predicted by using fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation. Dynamic occlusal loading with orthodontic tension loading or compression loading was applied on the ideal model. The results showed that FSS on the surface of the trabeculae along occlusal direction was higher than that along perpendicular to occlusal direction, and orthodontic force has little effect on FSS within alveolar bone. This study suggests that the orientation of occlusal loading can be changed clinically by adjusting the shape of occlusal surface, then FSS with different level could be produced on trabecular surface, which further activates the biological response of bone cells and finally regulates the remodeling of alveolar bone.
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical effects of segmentectomy and lobectomy for ≤2 cm lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary and solid subtype negative by intraoperative frozen sections.MethodsThe patients with adenocarcinoma who received segmentectomy or lobectomy in multicenter from June 2020 to March 2021 were included. They were divided into two groups according to a random number table, including a segmentectomy group (n=119, 44 males and 75 females with an average age of 56.6±8.9 years) and a lobectomy group (n=115, 43 males and 72 females with an average of 56.2±9.5 years). The clinical data of the patients were analyzed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). No perioperative death was found. There was no statistical difference in the operation time (111.2±30.0 min vs. 107.3±34.3 min), blood loss (54.2±83.5 mL vs. 40.0±16.4 mL), drainage duration (2.8±0.6 d vs. 2.6±0.6 d), hospital stay time (3.9±2.3 d vs. 3.7±1.1 d) or pathology staging (P>0.05) between the two groups. The postoperative pulmonary function analysis revealed that the mean decreased values of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted in the segmentectomy group were significantly better than those in the lobectomy group (0.2±0.3 L vs. 0.4±0.3 L, P=0.005; 0.3%±8.1% vs. 2.9%±7.4%, P=0.041).ConclusionSegmentectomy is effective in protecting lungs function, which is expected to improve life quality of patients.
ObjectiveTo explore the differential diagnosis value of airspace consolidation in thoracic CT between organizing pneumonia (OP) and acquired community pneumonia (CAP).MethodsA retrospective study was taken by retrieving the patients CT database from October 2010 to August 2016. Fifty-six consecutive patients with OP and 99 consecutive patients with CAP whose CT showed airspace consolidation were enrolled and their clinical characteristics and radiological characteristics were analyzed.ResultsThe percentage of patients whose CT image showed various amount of air bronchogram (ABG) with different shapes is higher in OP group than that in CAP group (87.5% and 72.7% respectively, χ2=4.558, P=0.033). The median and interquartile range amount of ABG in the OP patients were significantly higher than those in CAP group [4 (ranged from 2 to 8) and 2 (ranged from 0 to 4) respectively, z=3.640, P=0.000]. Morphologically, 58.9% of the OP patients showed entire air bronchogram (EABG) on the thoracic CT, significantly higher than that in CAP group (21.2%) (χ2=22.413, P=0.000). Interrupted ABG was found in 26.3% of CAP patients, while 16.1% of OP patients shared same features and the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=2.125, P=0.148). Traction bronchiectasis and ground glass opacity (GGO) were more likely to be found in the OP patients rather than CAP patients with 26.8% and 39.3% respectively, while they were found in 1.0% and 11.1% in the CAP patients (P<0.05). Reversed halo sign was found only 1.0% of the CAP patients, significantly lower than that in OP group, 26.8% (χ2=25.671, P=0.000). Pleural effusion and bronchial wall thickening were more commonly found in the CAP group with 56.6% and 35.4% respectively. By multivariate logistic analysis, EABG (OR=5.526, P=0.000), traction bronchiectasis (OR=21.564, P=0.010), GGO (OR=4.657, P=0.007) and reversed halo sign (OR=13.304, P=0.023) were significantly associated with OP, while pleural effusion (OR=0.380, P=0.049) and bronchial wall thickening (OR=0.073, P=0.008) were significantly associated with CAP. Other features in thoracic CT coexisting with ABG all reach significance statistically between the OP and CAP group (all P<0.05).ConclusionsAirspace consolidation in thoracic CT may be valuable for the differential diagnosis between OP and CAP. EABG is more commonly found in OP patients than in CAP patients. When EABG exists or ABG coexists with traction bronchiectasis, GGO and reversed halo sign, a diagnose of OP should be considered.
Lung adenocarcinoma has become the most common type of lung cancer. According to the 2015 World Health Organization histological classification of lung cancer, invasive lung adenocarcinoma can be divided into 5 subtypes: lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid, and micropapillary. Relevant studies have shown that the local lobectomy or sublobectomy is sufficient for early lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, while lobectomy should be recommended for tumors containing micropapillary and solid ingredients (≥5%). Currently, the percentage of micropapillary and solid components diagnosed by frozen pathological examination is 65.7%, and the accuracy of diagnosis is limited. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, it is necessary to seek new methods and techniques. This paper summarized the characteristics and rapid diagnosis tools of early lung adenocarcinoma subtypes.
Stage ⅠA lung adenocarcinoma presented as ground glass dominant on thin-section high-resolution CT scan is a special subtype of lung cancer. The characteristics of this subtype are quite different from the other patients, which presented as lower malignancy and better prognosis. Clinical, pathological and imaging studies have revealed that the proportion of the solid component in part-solid ground glass nodule is closely related with the pathological type and the prognosis of lung cancer. The methods for the assessment of the solid components in the ground glass nodule can be classified into three types, including subjective assessment, two dimensional measurement and three dimensional measurement. This review summarized the advantages and the limitations of these three methods. We also reviewed the clinical application of these techniques.