With the popularization of digestive endoscopy in children, colonoscopy has been widely used. As the basis of digestive endoscopy, bowel preparation directly affects the diagnosis and treatment results of colonoscopy. Compared with adults, the functioning of important organs of children is immature, and their ability of cognition, communication and tolerance are weak. Their structure of the digestive tract is also significantly different in different ages. However, there have been no existing evidence-based guidelines on bowel preparation for digestive endoscopy of Chinese children. Therefore, it is important to develop evidence-based guidelines for bowel preparation combined with the clinical practice in China. In order to provide guidance and decision-making basis for Chinese pediatricians, we collaborated with multidisciplinary experts, based on existing evidence, adopted the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) approach, followed the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) to develop this guideline for bowel preparation related to the diagnosis and treatment of children's digestive endoscopy.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of dyclonine and lidocaine for preparation before gastroscopy.MethodsPubMed, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dyclonine vs. lidocaine for preparation before gastroscopy from inception to December 31st, 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: dyclonine could improve anesthetic effect (RR=1.38, 95%CI 1.31 to 1.47, P<0.000 01), and was more capable to remove bubble (RR=1.40, 95%CI 1.28 to 1.52,P<0.000 01), and had superior textures (RR=1.43, 95%CI 1.18 to 1.74,P=0.000 3).ConclusionsOral dyclonine can improve the visual definition of gastric mucosa and anesthetic effect, and has superior textures. Thus, dyclonine can be regarded as a recommended option prior to gastroscopy. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusions.
Melanin nanoparticles (MNPs) not only retain the inherent characteristics of melanin (metal ion chelation, photothermal conversion property, etc.), but also can exhibit more excellent properties, such as high dispersion stability, good biocompatibility and biodegradability, etc. Furthermore, these performances can be enhanced to target the specific sites and treat diseases by the surface modification or combination with functional substance. In this paper, the characteristics, preparation methods and applications of MNPs were reviewed. It provides a reference for further development of application for MNPs, and theoretical basis for practice in biology, medicine and so on.
ObjectiveTo identify a more popularized preparation protocol of leukocytes-rich platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) for higher tolerance rate.MethodsThe peripheral blood samples of 76 volunteers (45.0 mL/case) were mixed with 5 mL sodium citrate injection for blood transfusion, and L-PRP was prepared by twice centrifugations. All blood samples were divided into three groups according to the parameters of twice centrifugation: experimental group A (12 cases, 400×g, 10 minutes for the first time and 1 100×g, 10 minutes for the second time), experimental group B (27 cases, 800×g, 10 minutes for the first time and 1 100×g, 10 minutes for the second time), and control group (37 cases, 1 360×g, 10 minutes for the first time and 1 360×g, 10 minutes for the second time). The platelet recovery rate and platelet and leukocyte enrichment coefficient of L-PRP in each group were calculated and compared.ResultsAfter removal of abnormal blood samples (platelet recovery rate was more than 100% or white thrombus), the remaining 55 cases were included in the statistical analysis, including 10 cases in experimental group A, 21 cases in experimental group B, and 24 cases in control group. The platelet enrichment coefficient and platelet recovery rate of experimental group B were significantly higher than those of experimental group A and control group (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between experimental group A and control group (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in leukocyte enrichment coefficient between experimental groups A, B, and control group (P>0.05).ConclusionThe preparation quality of PRP is affected by various factors, including centrifugal force, centrifugal time, temperature, and operation process, etc. Twice centrifugation (800×g, 10 minutes for the first time and 1 100×g, 10 minutes for the second time) is an ideal and feasible centrifugation scheme, which can obtain satisfactory platelet recovery rate and enrichment coefficient with thicker buffy coat, which can reduce the fine operation requirements for operators, improve the fault tolerance rate and generalization.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of discharge preparation service in elderly patients with chronic diseases.MethodsCNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, PubMed and EMbase databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trails (RCTs) on the discharge preparation service for elderly patients with chronic diseases from January, 2000 to January, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies, then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 7 RCTs, involving 884 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: after the hospitalization preparation service, the incidence of acute complication (RR=0.38, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.98, P=0.04), patient compliance behavior (SMD=0.54, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.83, P=0.000 3), exercise capacity (SMD=2.65, 95%CI 0.25 to 5.04, P=0.03), and nursing satisfaction (SMD=0.71, 95%CI 0.10 to 1.33, P=0.02) significantly improved. However, there were no significant differences in emergency hospital admission for acute complications (RR=0.25, 95%CI 0.06 to 1.11, P=0.07), self-care ability (SMD=2.18, 95%CI −1.02 to 5.38, P=0.18), activity of daily living (ADL) (SMD=0.56, 95%CI −0.47 to 1.59, P=0.28).ConclusionsThe current evidence shows that after implementation of the discharge preparation service, the incidence of acute complication, compliance behavior, exercise ability, and service satisfaction of the elderly patients with chronic diseases are significantly improved. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo study and compare the effects of inhaled preparations with open airway and conventional inhaled preparation on asthma patients.MethodsThe patients diagnosed with asthma and treated with the same inhaled preparation only who visited the outpatient department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, were selected as the study subjects from April to September, 2019. The subjects were divided into the test group and the control group according to random ratio 1∶1. The conventional inhaled preparations were used in the control group. The inhaled preparations with open airway were used in the test group. Asthma control, life quality and treatment satisfaction rate were compared between the two groups after 3 months.ResultsA total of 150 subjects were included and one case dropped-off, then 149 effective subjects were obtained in which 75 cases in the test group and 74 cases in the control group. After 3 months’ treatment of inhaled preparations, the proportion of effective asthma control patients in the test group was higher than that in the control group, and the number of patients satisfied with the treatment of inhaled preparations was higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). The life quality of patients in both groups was improved compared with baseline, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the increase of scores in the test group was more than that in the control group, and the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.05). ConclusionInhaed preparations with open airway is superior to conventional inhaled preparation on asthma patients in asthma control, life quality and treatment satisfaction rate.
The human sclera accounts for 95% of the surface of the eyeball, providing ample contact area which is suitable for targeted trans-scleral ocular drug delivery. Currently there are several tans-scleral sustained-release strategies, including intra-scleral delivery, episcleral delivery, as well as tans-scleral iontophoresis. Different devices and methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, for example, intra-scleral delivery is somehow invasive, and episcleral delivery device needs to be made thin to prevent erosion of conjunctiva, iontophoresis needs to be frequently repeated as of its short-term effect. With the development of bio-material engineering technology, episcleral microfilm could become an ideal drug delivery route for posterior segment ocular diseases.
ObjectiveTo analyze and explore the thyroid defunctionalization method for preoperative preparation of hyperthyroidism patients in endoscopic thyroid surgery. MethodsThe clinical data of 45 cases of hyperthyroidism treated with endoscopic surgery in this hospital from June 2009 to June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. These patients were divided into study group (n=20) and control group (n=25) according to the preoperative preparation method, the study group was prepared with thyroid defunctionalization method, the control group was prepared with antithyroid drugs and iodine. The intraoperative blood loss, conversion to open surgery, and postoperative complications were compared in these two groups. ResultsThe intraoperative blood loss and the operation time of the study group were significantly less than those of the control group﹝intraoperative blood loss: (120.32±50.26) mL versus (200.63±60.95) mL, P < 0.05; operation time: (120.43±40.56) min versus (180.76±50.92) min, P < 0.05﹞. There was no case of conversion to open surgery in the study group, there were three cases of conversion to open surgery in the control group. The incidence of postoperative complications of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group﹝10% (2/20) versus 24% (6/25), P < 0.05﹞. ConclusionThyroid defunctionalization method is more suitable as compared with the traditional method for the preoperative preparation of hyperthyroidism in endoscopic thyroid surgery.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of Chaihu drop-pill in the treatment of common cold (wind-heat syndrome). MethodsA multi-center, double blind, double dummy, randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 479 patients with common cold (wind-heat syndrome) diagnosed between February and August, 2011, were randomly divided into two groups:the trial group (n=359) and the control group (n=120). The trial group received Chaihu drop-pill and Yinchai granule analogue three times a day, while the control group received Yinchai granule and Chaihu drop-pill analogue. The therapeutic courses of both groups were 3 days. Clinical symptoms, syndromes, and adverse effects were observed before and after the treatment. Furthermore, blood, urine and stool test, hepatorenal function test and electrocardiogram were also carried out before and after treatment. ResultsAfter treatment, the healing rates of the trial group and the control group were 32.4%, 20.2% (for full analysis set) and 32.6%, 20.5% (for per protocol set), and the overall response rates were 96.3%, 87.4% (for full analysis set) and 96.5%, 87.2% (for per protocol set). There were significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01). No adverse effects were found in the trial. ConclusionChaihu drop-pill is effective and safe in the treatment of common cold (wind-heat syndrome).
Foam sclerotherapy is one of the major therapies for varicose veins in lower limbs. It is important to know the influence factor of foam stability which is beneficial to curative effect. The present experiment explored influence of 9 kinds of driving speed on foam stability when using the method of Tessari. Syringes of 5 mL were chosen to do this experiment which was carried out at the liquid gas ratio of 1:4 and the environment temperature of 20℃. A home-made automatic sclerosing foam preparation equipment was used to prepare the foam. A camera recorded the entire process of foam decay. And foam stability indexes which includes drainage time, half-life, foam half-life volume and the drainage rate curve, were analyzed. The results showed that when driving speed ranged from 100 mm/s to 275 mm/s, foam drainage time and the half-life showed a trend of rising. When the driving velocity was greater than 275 mm/s, the foam drainage time and half-life time reduced a little. The largest drainage time and the half-life differences were 340.0% and 118.8% compared to their minimum value. Meanwhile the pressure increased with the increase of driving speed, so that the solubility of carbon dioxide increased and the foam half-life volume decreased with the increase of the driving speed. It can be concluded that when using the method of Tessari to prepare sclerosing foam, driving speed has a significant effect on its stability. With driving speed increasing, foam decay mechanism changes from gas diffusion to liquid drainage as the main function, so the foam stability increased at first and then decreased later. The foam is relatively more stable at the speed of 275 mm/s, which could be considered as the best driving speed.