ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of thrombo embolism (TE) in Chinese hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed HCM patients admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University. The endpoints were defined as a composite of TE events, including ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and peripheral arterial embolization. ResultsA total of 537 HCM patients were included with a median follow-up of 4.2 years. Forty-two patients reached the TE endpoint and the incidence was 1.9%. The annual incidence of TE was approximately 1.1% and 6.6% for HCM patients without/with atrial fibrillation, respectively. The recurrence rate of TE was high (approximately 26.2%). The mean age was 66.4±13.7 years for the first TE, and the incidence of TE was significantly increased at age ≥70 years. ConclusionThe incidence of TE is high in HCM patients, especially in those with atrial fibrillation, and the recurrence rate of TE is also high.
As the largest ecosystem of human body, intestinal microorganisms participate in the synthesis and metabolism of uric acid. Developing and utilizing intestinal bacteria to degrade uric acid might provide new ideas for the treatment of hyperuricemia. The fecal samples of people with low uric acid were inoculated into uric acid selective medium with the concentration of 1.5 mmol/L for preliminary screening, and the initially screened strains that may have degradation ability were domesticated by concentration gradient method, and the strains with high uric acid degradation rate were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing method. A strain of high-efficiency uric acid degrading bacteria was screened and domesticated from the feces of people with low uric acid. The degradation rate of uric acid could reach 50.2%. It was identified as Escherichia coli. The isolation and domestication of high efficient uric acid degrading strains can not only provide scientific basis for the study of the mechanism of intestinal microbial degradation of uric acid, but also reserve biological strains for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout in the future.
Tibetan population has been living in Tibet plateau for more than thousands of years ago. Although, the environment is unlikely to be an ideal place for residence. They have evolved genetical and physiological adaptions living in Tibetan highlands. In recent several years, foreign scientists have noticed that lung cancer mortality is reduced at high altitude. Many in vitro and in vivo experiments explored the mechanism of this phenomenon. In this review we discuss the lung cancer incidence and mortally of Tibetan population, as well as the possible underlying mechanism including oxygen level, radiation, inhalable particulate matter, metabolism, hypoxic induced factor pathway and immune system. But, the clinical data as well as basic researches of Tibetan population remain insufficient, which required further investigation.
Objective To study the distribution of HIV/AIDS high-risk population, HIV infection and the main risk factors for developing HIV/AIDS’ controllable measures and exploring appropriate health education and behavior intervention models. Methods A total of 360 commercial sex workers (CSW) joined together through convenience sampling and 360 drug users (DU) joined together through convenience sampling or snow-balling sampling whose relevant behavior factors were investigated by questionnaires. Results The general rate of knowing knowledge about AIDS was 75.2% among 360 CSW, 67.8% CSW used condom in commercial sex activities; none of 149 CSW blood samples was detected HIV or syphilis antibody positive. The general rate of knowing knowledge about AIDS was 83.7% among 360 DU who injected drugs last month, the rate of sharing needles was 47.6% and the low rate of condom used; 1 HIV antibody and 5 syphilis antibodies positive were found among 198 DU blood samples, so HIV and syphilis infection rate were 0.51%and 2.53%, respectively. Conclusion The rate of HIV infection is a very low level and there are many risk factors among CSW and DU. A good job should be done to integrate AIDS health education with behavioral intervention and the monitoring system for the AIDS/HIV high-risk population should be improved.
Objective To investigate the correlation of the polymorphism of the estrogen receptor alpha gene Pvu II site and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Chinese population. Methods Such databases as CBM, CNKI, Wangfang database, VIP, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, EMbase, Springer, and Ovid were searched from their establishment date to November of 2010 to collect the case-control studies on the correlation of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism Pvu II sites with coronary heart disease of the Chinese. The quality of included studies was evaluated, the available data was extracted, and then the RevMan5.0 software was used for Meta analyses. Results Nine case-control studies were included, involving 1 464 cases with coronary heart disease and 1 203 cases in the control group. The results of Meta-analyses showed that, as to the correlation of the polymorphism of ER alpha gene Pvu II site T/C and CHD, there was no significant difference in the risk of CHD between people with different genotypes, i.e. the C allele versus T allele (OR=0.95, 95%CI 0.77 to 1.17, P=0.63), genotype of (TC + CC) versus TT (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.73 to 1.28, P=0.81), genotype of TC versus TT (OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.68 to 1.26, P=0.64), genotype of CC versus TT (OR=0.86, 95%CI 0.57 to 1.31, P=0.49). Conclusion Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphism Pvu II site are not associated with the coronary heart disease in Chinese population.
ObjectivesTo provide reference for decision-making on prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence by assessing the prevalence of urinary incontinence in Chinese adult women. MethodsWe searched CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library to collect cross-sectional studies on urinary incontinence in adult women in mainland China from inception to June 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 12.0 software. ResultsA total of 20 studies were involved, including 90 126 patients. Meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of urinary incontinence in adult women was 31.1% (95%CI: 28.3% to 34.0%). The subgroup analysis showed that stress urinary incontinence was the main subtype, of which was mainly with mild incontinence, with an average prevalence rate of 27.5% (95%CI: 22.6% to 32.4%) in urban areas and 32.5% (95%CI: 23.3% to 41.7%) in rural areas; 30.9% (95%CI: 26.8% to 35.1%) in the south and 31.4% (95%CI: 26.0% to 36.7%) in the north. The prevalence rate was rising from 2005 to 2008, and it remained at a high level in the following years, and the prevalence increased with age. ConclusionsThe prevalence of urinary incontinence in adult women in China has been at a high level since 2005. There has been no significant improvement in the past 10 years. Therefore, we should attach great importance to it and take appropriate interventions to prevent the occurrence of urinary incontinence.
Objective To investigate the role of expression of T cell costimulatory molecule CD28 and variance of T cell subpopulations in the development and prognosis of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Methods The peripheral blood lymphocytes were tested for T cell subpopulations and T cell costimulatory molecule CD28 by flow cytometry in 38 patients with gastric cancer, 42 patient s with colorectal cancer , and 21 healthy peoples as control group . Results Expressions of T cell costimulatory molecule CD28 in patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were (25. 80 ±10. 56) % and (28. 95 ±9. 29) % , and significantly higher than that of control group 〔(0. 82 ±0. 98) % , Plt; 0. 01〕. Expression percentage of total T cell (CD3 + ) in patient s with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were significantly lower than that of control group 〔(53. 61 ±13. 84) % and (55. 96 ±10. 68) % vs (72. 07 ±7. 83) % , Plt; 0. 01〕. Expression percentage of CD4 + T cell (CD4 + CD3 + ) in patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were significantly lower than that of control group 〔( 29. 84 ±9. 71) % and ( 33. 75 ±9. 04) % vs (38. 79 ±5. 08) %; Plt; 0. 01 , Plt; 0. 05〕; Expression percentage of CTL cell (CD8 + CD28 + CD3 + ) in patient s with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were significantly higher than that of control group 〔( 1. 57 ±1. 99) % and (1. 93 ±2. 61) % vs (0. 02 ±0. 04) %; P lt; 0. 01〕; Expression percentage of CD8 + inhibitory T cell (CD8 + CD28 -CD 3 + ) and CD4 / CD8 ratio in patient s with gastric cancer were significantly lower than that of control group 〔(16. 06 ±6. 94) % vs (20. 56 ±6. 54) % , Plt; 0. 05 ; (1. 10 ±0. 51) % vs (1. 36 ±0. 31) % , P lt; 0. 05〕; Expression of regulatory T cell (CD4 + CD25 + CD3 + ) of patients with colorectal cancer was (19. 74 ±6. 89) % , which was significantly higher than that of control group 〔(13. 72 ±3. 08) % , Plt; 0. 01〕. No difference of expression was found in peripheral T cell subpopulations of postoperative patients with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer after one week ( Pgt; 0. 05) . Conclusion T cell number is fall ,T cell costimulatory molecule CD28 useless expression is increase in patient s with gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. CD4 + T cell subpopulation is significantly decreased in patient s with gast ric cancer. The regulatory T cell of patient s with colorectal cancer is significantly increased.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the implementation status, effectiveness and existing problems of nutrition improvement measures for vulnerable populations in rural areas of China. MethodsAll studies about the implementation status, effectiveness and existing problems of nutrition improvement measures for vulnerable populations in rural areas of China were electronically searched in VIP, CNKI, WanFang Data and CBM from inception to January 1st, 2014. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of included studies, and then performed qualitative analysis in terms of implementation effectiveness and situation. ResultsA total of 79 studies were finally included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that:the earliest study was published in 1990; 38.0% of these studies were carried out in the southwest and northwest areas of China; 31.6% of these studies were financially supported, and most funds were provided by some international institutions; 90.0% of these research subjects focused on infants and children (under the age of 10); a variety of nutrition improvement measures had been taken, and 55.7% of these interventions measures were nutrition education which could be implemented easily; the implementation duration of 38.0% of these measures lasted less than half a year; 32.9% of these studies adopted the blood test to evaluate the outcomes of nutrition measures; all of the studies showed that nutrition levels of vulnerable populations in rural areas of China had been obviously improved by these measures. ConclusionThe nutrition improvement measures for vulnerable populations in rural areas of China have been implemented relatively earlier focusing on populations in West China where was less developed. However, an imbalance exists in the attention to target populations, especially to the elderly. Face to face nutrition education is most frequently taken; however, it could not directly reflect the changing of nutritional status. In addition, implementation duration is fairly short which indicates that more fund supports are needed from the government or institutions.
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of malignant tumor deaths in the registered population of Zhuhai city. Methods A retrospective survey of death from malignant tumor during 2004 and 2005 was performed in the registered population of Zhuhai city. This was based on the retrospective protocol of the third national survey of death cause. The mortality of main malignant tumor and cause of deaths were analyzed. Results During 2004 to 2005, the mean crude mortality and age-specific standardized mortality of malignant tumor were 90.3/100 000 and 97.2/100 000, respectively. Malignant tumor death was the most common cause of death in Zhuhai city, accounting for 21.8% of all deaths. The standardized mortalities in males and females were 119.7/100,000 and 71.6/100,000, respectively. The standardized rate in the male population was significantly higher than that of the female population (u=10.3, Plt;0.01). The mortality of malignant tumor tended to increase with age. The top five causes of malignant tumor deaths were lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and gastric cancer. Their standardized mortalities were 20.9, 18.0, 8.7, 8.2, 8.1/100,000, respectively. Conclusion The mortality of mal ignant tumors has showed an increasing trend in Zhuhai city, with the main tumors being lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer and gastric cancer. Malignant tumor has become a common and frequently-occurring disease with a major impact on the life and health of people in Zhuhai city.
ObjectiveTo study the effectiveness and safety of glucosamine for osteoarthritis (OA) in Asian population. MethodDatabases of PubMed, Embase, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang were searched from the time of establishment till May 2014 and controlled trials of glucosamine compared with placebo or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were included. Quality evaluation and Meta-analysis by using RevMan 5.1 were performed. ResultsA total of 17 studies including 2 251 cases were included. The efficiency rate in the glucosamine group was higher than that in the NSAIDs group[OR=3.03, 95% CI (1.78, 5.18), P<0.000 1]. The efficiency rate in the glucosamine combined NSAIDs group was higher than that in the NSAIDs group[OR=4.30,95%CI (1.84,10.06),P=0.000 8]. The safety analysis showed that the adverse event rate in the glucosamine group was lower than that in the NSAIDs group[OR=0.23,95%CI (0.14,0.37),P<0.000 01], while the difference between the glucosamine combined NSAIDs group and the NSAIDs group was not statistically significant[OR=0.84, 95%CI (0.50, 1.41), P=0.50]. ConclusionsCompared with NSAIDs, glucosamine is better and safer for OA treatment in Asian population.