Objective To systematically evaluate the quality of published pharmacoeconomics studies on Chinese patent medicines for neoplasms. Methods Datasets including CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMbase were searched to collect pharmacoeconomics studies of Chinese patent medicines in neoplasms from the establishment of the database to September 30, 2022. Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) and quality of health economics studies (QHES) were used to evaluate the reporting quality and methodological quality. Results A total of 25 studies were included, with an average CHEERS 2022 coincidence rate of 40.09% and an average QHES score of 53.2. Conclusion The quantity and quality of pharmacoeconomics studies on Chinese patent medicines in neoplasms are insufficient and flawed. It is suggested to strenthen the collaboration between scientific research institutions and hospitals and standardize the pharmacoeconomics studies on Chinese patent medicines in neoplasms to provide hygienic decision-making evidence for Chinese patent medicines in neoplasms.
摘要:目的:分析妇科口服中成药的用药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:对我院2007～2008年妇科口服中成药用的种类、用量、销售金额、用药频度、日均费用等进行分析。结果:妇康丸、益母草胶囊、五加生化胶囊临床应用广泛,而宫血宁胶囊受同类西药品种的影响,其用药量呈大幅下降趋势,一些新进药品如大黄蛰虫片使用量呈快速上升趋势。结论:我院妇科口服中成药使用情况基本合理。Abstract: Objective: To analyze the utilization of Gynecological oral Chinese patent medicines in our hospital for reference of their rational use. Methods:Gynecological oral Chinese patent medicines used in our hospital during 20072008 were analyzed in terms of drug varieties,consumption quantity,consumption sum, defined daily dose(DDDs)and defined daily cost(DDC)etc.Results:There was a widespread application of Fukang pills, Yimucao capsules and Wujia Shenghua capsules.The consumption of Gongxuening capsules witnessed a great reduction on account of western medicine.Some new Chinese patent medicines such as Dahuang zhechong tablets assumed fast increaseing tendency in consumption quantity. Conclusion:The utilization of Gynecological oral Chinese patent medicines in our hospital was basically rational.
ObjectiveThis study aims to conduct a systematic review and quality assessment of published domestic and foreign studies on the pharmacoeconomics of Chinese patent medicines, with the goal of identifying relevant issues and proposing improvement suggestions. MethodsThe methods used in this study involved systematic searches of the CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and PubMed databases for domestic and foreign studies related to the pharmacoeconomics of Chinese patent medicines, with a search deadline of May 20, 2022. The studies were evaluated systematically based on various aspects such as title, year, author, journal, research perspective, research type, disease area, research object, research design type, research method, application model, model calibration, sensitivity analysis, cost calculation, effectiveness indicators, and adverse reaction comparison. The evaluation of report quality and methodological quality was conducted using the consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) and the quality of health economic studies (QHES) tools, respectively. ResultsThis study included a total of 249 articles, including 247 in Chinese and 2 in English. The first article on the pharmacoeconomics of Chinese patent medicine was published in 2000. The diseases studied covered 59.26% of the ICD-11 disease areas. Articles reporting on the research perspective accounted for 16.87% of the total number of studies, while 32.4% of studies provided an explanation of the research type. The main method used was cost-effectiveness analysis, accounting for 86.75% of the studies, and the main cost component was direct medical costs, accounting for 89.56%. The primary effectiveness indicator was the overall effective rate, accounting for 78.31% of the studies. The average compliance rate with the CHEERS 2022 standard was 43.58%, and the average QHES score was 56.7. ConclusionA considerable part of the existing research on the pharmacoeconomics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) suffers from problems such as the lack of research methods or non-standardized methods. Therefore, the relevant research abilities of researchers who conduct TCM pharmacoeconomic research need to be improved.
ObjectiveTo propose policy recommendations for improvement of the affordability of high cost medicines with significant public health implications under the patent system in China. MethodsThrough literature analysis and market investigation, this study targeted expensive life saving medicines under the patent protection, which are critical for the treatment of eight diseases with the most significant disease burden and critical social, economic and political impact for case studies, estimated the individual and insurance direct economic burden of medicines treatment. ResultsChemical product patent protection enhanced medicines price monopoly. The targeted medicines brought huge financial burden to Chinese citizens, especially to the rural residents. Breaking chemical product patent protection, achieving parallel importation or making generic drugs enter into the China's market, can save huge amount of medicines procurement budget for the government, and benefit the general public. ConclusionDeveloping and implementing medicines registration and intellectual property right protection strategies with public health perspective, adding continuously improved basic health insurance programs, can effectively promote the affordability of high cost medicines with significant public health, social, political and economic implications.
Objective The modification of Chinese patent medicines (CPM) instructions is currently the focus of national drug regulation, with policies and regulations being established. Nevertheless, the policies pertaining to CPM instructions have not been thoroughly investigated. This study analyzes the direction and current issues with existing policy items to give a reference for future optimization and adjustment of policies linked to CPM instructions. Methods The official website of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) and National Health Commission (NHC) were searched to collect policy documents related to the CPM instructions issued at the national level in China from January 1st 2000 to June 1st 2024. Based on the classification of policy tools (supply-based policy tools, demand-based policy tools, environment-based policy tools) and the dimension of policy development (policy planning, policy implementation, policy supervision, and policy evaluation ), a two-dimensional analytical framework of "policy tools and policy process" was constructed by using the content analysis method and the quantitative analysis method, and policy documents were analyzed. Results The 27 policy texts included in the analysis generated 104 policy entries in total, wherein, environment-based policy tools (74.04%) were used the most in the dimension of policy tools, followed by demand-based policy tools (24.04%) and supply-based policy tools (1.92%). In the dimension of policy development, policy planning tools, policy implementation tools, policy supervision tools, and policy evaluation tools accounted for 24.04%, 52.88%, 17.31%, and 5.77%, respectively. An in-depth analysis of the content of the policy entries discovered that the existing policy took into account the specification of the content of the instruction and the standardization of the expression of writing, the instruction application guidance, etc, and more and more attention was being paid to the content of the characteristics of TCM in the instruction. Conclusion Currently, there is an insufficient amount of policy documents on CPM standards, which are overly focused on environment-based policy tools and the policy implementation process. To achieve the policy goal of regulating and applying CPM specifications, it is recommended to create a balanced and coordinated structure of policy instruments, emphasise the direct promotion and pulling effect of supply and demand, increase the weight of policy evaluation and supervision, and develop a standard system for evaluating CPM specifications.
It is very important to develop and revise expert panel consensus on Chinese patent medical clinical application. The contents of the expert panel consensus include determination of the subject, clarity of the application scope, indications, dosage and administration, and safety of Chinese patent medicine. In the process, clinical researchers establish project team, formulate clinical management questions, select the outcome index, retrieve and make the evidence, and develop expert consensus with consensus methods strictly according to the requirements of methodology.
ObjectiveTo explore the method and feasibility of establishing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) model in Bama miniature pig by using autologous jugular vein, and to provide a large animal model for the development of PDA occluder and the study of pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease. MethodsFive male Bama miniature pigs weighing about 45 kg were selected to gain the PDA model of the autogenous jugular vein, which was fixed by glutaraldehyde and anastomosed between the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery. The patency of PDA was confirmed by echocardiography and angiocardiography immediately and one week after the operation. Two animals were selected to undergo transcatheter closure of PDA via femoral vein 1 week after the operation, and the rest were euthanized to obtain PDA and lung tissue for pathological examination. ResultsThe PDA model was successfully established in all five animals with a success rate of 100.0%. Immediately and 1 week after the operation, echocardiography and angiography showed that PDA blood flow was unobstructed, and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that PDA endothelialization was good. One week after the operation, two animals were successfully treated with transcatheter femoral vein occlusion. The pathological examination of lung tissue showed thickening of the intima and muscular layer of pulmonary arterioles, thickening of pulmonary interstitium and infiltration of neutrophils. ConclusionIt is safe and feasible to establish a large animal model of PDA by using autogenous jugular vein anastomosis between the ascending aorta and the main pulmonary artery. The model can be used for the development of PDA interventional occlusive devices and the pathophysiological study of congenital heart disease-related pulmonary hypertension.
Our team proposed and constructed an Expert-knowledge and Data-driven Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Chinese Patent Medicine (EDCEM-CPM) using the machine learning algorithm. This model could improve the system of the comprehensive evaluation of the Chinese patent medicine in technology and provide measurement tools for Chinese patent medicine according to its characteristics. The model evaluates the multi-dimensional value of Chinese patent medicine by data pre-treatment, clustering algorithms, and data training steps, such as automatic learning weighting. This evaluation model is already in practice. In this paper, we introduced the establishment of the model with the calculation process for reference.
Currently, in precision cardiac surgery, there are still some pressing issues that need to be addressed. For example, cardiopulmonary bypass remains a critical factor in precise surgical treatment, and many core aspects still rely on the experience and subjective judgment of cardiopulmonary bypass specialists and surgeons, lacking precise data feedback. With the increasing elderly population and rising surgical complexity, precise feedback during cardiopulmonary bypass becomes crucial for improving surgical success rates and facilitating high-complexity procedures. Overcoming these key challenges requires not only a solid medical background but also close collaboration among multiple interdisciplinary fields. Establishing a multidisciplinary team encompassing professionals from the medical, information, software, and related industries can provide high-quality solutions to these challenges. This article shows several patents from a collaborative medical and electronic information team, illustrating how to identify unresolved technical issues and find corresponding solutions in the field of precision cardiac surgery while sharing experiences in applying for invention patents.
In recent years, with the continuous development and increasing maturity of interventional techniques, interventional treatment for congenital heart disease (CHD) has been progressively disseminated to county- and city-level hospitals in China. Concurrently, the standardized management of adult CHD (particularly patent foramen ovale) and the lifelong management of complex CHD are gaining increasing clinical attention, while the emergence of new techniques and products continuously advances the discipline. This article aims to review the new progress made in the field of interventional treatment for congenital heart disease in China during 2024. It specifically reviews and analyzes the following key aspects: (1) annual statistics on interventional closure procedures for CHD; (2) recent insights into patent foramen ovale closure; (3) advances in transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement; (4) interventional treatment and lifelong management strategies for complex CHD; (5) new interventional techniques for acquired heart disease; and (6) the application of artificial intelligence in CHD management. Through the synthesis and discussion of these topics, this article seeks to provide a detailed analysis of the current landscape of interventional treatment for CHD in China and project its future development trends.