ObjectiveTo explore the composition of intestinal microbiota between patients with fixed airflow obstruction asthma, reversible airflow obstruction asthma, and healthy control, and analyze the correlation between key differential bacterial distribution and clinical characteristics. MethodsFifteen patients with fixed airflow obstruction asthma (FAO) and 13 patients with reversible airflow obstruction asthma (RAO) were included, along with 11 matched healthy control subjects. Clinical data were collected, and lung function tests and induced sputum examination were performed. Blood and stool samples were tested to compare the gut microbiota status among the groups, and analyze the relationship between gut microbiota abundance and patients' blood routine, IgE levels, lung function, and induced sputum. Results The dominant bacterial compositions were similar in the three groups, but there were differences in the abundance of some species. Compared to the RAO group, the FAO group showed a significant increase in the genera of Bacteroides and Escherichia coli, while Pseudomonas was significantly decreased. The phylum Firmicutes was negatively correlated with the course of asthma, while the phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Bacteroides were positively correlated with the asthma course. Bacteroidetes was negatively correlated with Pre-BD FEV1/FVC, Pseudomonas was positively correlated with Pre-BD FEV1, Escherichia coli was negatively correlated with Post-BD FEV1/FVC, and Bacteroides was negatively correlated with Post-BD MMEF. The class Actinobacteria and the order Actinomycetales were negatively correlated with peripheral blood EOS%, while the order Enterobacteriales and the family Enterobacteriaceae were positively correlated with peripheral blood IgE levels. Furthermore, Actinobacteria and Actinomycetales were negatively correlated with induced sputum EOS%. Conclusions There are differences in the gut microbiota among patients with fixed airflow obstruction asthma, reversible airflow obstruction asthma, and healthy individuals. Bacteroides and Escherichia coli are enriched in the fixed airflow obstruction asthma group, while the Firmicutes are increased in the reversible airflow obstruction asthma group. These three microbiota may act together on Th2 cell-mediated inflammatory responses, influencing the process of airway remodeling, and thereby interfering with the occurrence of fixed airflow obstruction in asthma.
Objective To introduce the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and osteoarthritis (OA), focus on the possible mechanism of gut microbiota dysbiosis promoting OA, and propose a new therapeutic direction. Methods The domestic and foreign research literature on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and OA was reviewed. The role of the former in the occurrence and development of OA and the new ideas for the treatment of OA were summarized. Results The gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA mainly in three aspects. First, the gut microbiota dysbiosis destroys intestinal permeability and causes low-grade inflammation, which aggravate OA. Secondly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of OA through metabolic syndrome. Thirdly, the gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in the development of OA by regulating the metabolism and transport of trace elements. Studies have shown that improving gut microbiota dysbiosis by taking probiotics and transplanting fecal microbiota can reduce systemic inflammation and regulate metabolic balance, thus treating OA. Conclusion Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the development of OA, and improving gut microbiota dysbiosis can be an important idea for OA treatment.
Objective To analyze the causal relationship between gut microbiota and tic disorder based on Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods A total of 196 known microbiota (9 phyla, 16 classes, 20 orders, 32 families, and 119 genera) in the human intestinal microbiota dataset downloaded from the MiBioGen database were selected as the exposure factors, and the dataset of tic disorder (finn-b-KRA_PSY_TIC) containing 172 patients and 218620 controls was downloaded from the genome-wide association study database as the outcome variable. Inverse variance weighted was used as the main analysis method, and the causal relationship between gut microbiota and tic disorder was evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Horizontal pleiotropy was tested by MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO global test, heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran’s Q test, and sensitivity analysis was performed by leave-one-out method. Results Inverse variance weighted results showed that the Family Rhodospirillaceae [OR=0.398, 95%CI (0.191, 0.831), P=0.014], Order Rhodospirillales [OR=0.349, 95%CI (0.164, 0.743), P=0.006], and Parasutterella [OR=0.392, 95%CI (0.171, 0.898), P=0.027] had negative causal relationships with tic disorder. The Genus Lachnospira [OR=8.784, 95%CI (1.160, 66.496), P=0.035] and Candidatus Soleaferrea [OR=2.572, 95%CI (1.161, 5.695), P=0.020] had positive causal relationships with tic disorder. In addition, MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO global test showed no horizontal pleiotropy, Cochran’s Q test showed no heterogeneity, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed the results were stable. Conclusions A causal relationship exists between gut microbiota and tic disorder. The Family Rhodospirillaceae, Order Rhodospirillales, and Parasutterella are associated with a decreased risk of tic disorder, while the Genus Lachnospira and Candidatus Soleaverea can increase the risk of tic disorder.
In recent years, the diversity of gut microbiota and the role of its metabolites in cardiovascular disease (CVD) have attracted widespread attention. Gut microbiota metabolites not only play an important role in maintaining gut health, but may also influence cardiovascular health through a variety of mechanisms. As one of the important products of gut microbiota metabolism, sulfate’s biosynthetic pathway, metabolic dynamics and potential effects on cardiovascular system have become the focus of research. However, the current research on the relationship between sulfate and cardiovascular disease still has some shortcomings, including the mechanism is not clear, and clinical data are limited. This article reviewed the biosynthesis of sulfate and its mechanism of action in cardiovascular diseases, and combined with the existing clinical research results, aimed to provide new perspectives and ideas for future research, in order to promote the in-depth exploration and development of this field.
Objective To analyze the differences in distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome elements and salivary microbiota between the individuals with pulmonary nodules and those without, and to explore the potential correlation between the distribution of TCM syndrome elements and salivary microbiota in patients with pulmonary nodules. Methods We retrospectively recruited 173 patients with pulmonary nodules (PN) and 40 healthy controls (HC). The four diagnostic information was collected from all participants, and syndrome differentiation method was used to analyze the distribution of TCM syndrome elements in both groups. Saliva samples were obtained from the subjects for 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to obtain differential microbiota and to explore the correlation between TCM syndrome elements and salivary microbiota in the evolution of the pulmonary nodule disease. Results The study found that in the PN group, the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease location were the lung and liver, and the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease nature were yin deficiency and phlegm. In the HC group, the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease location were the lung and spleen, and the primary TCM syndrome elements related to disease nature were dampness and qi deficiency. There were differences between the two groups in the distribution of TCM syndrome elements related to disease location (lung, liver, kidney, exterior, heart) and disease nature (yin deficiency, phlegm, qi stagnation, qi deficiency, dampness, blood deficiency, heat, blood stasis) (P<0.05). The species abundance of the salivary microbiota was higher in the PN group than that in the HC group (P<0.05), and there was significant difference in community composition between the two groups (P<0.05). Correlation analysis using multiple methods, including Mantel test network heatmap analysis and Spearman correlation analysis and so on, the results showed that in the PN group, Prevotella and Porphyromonas were positively correlated with disease location in the lung, and Porphyromonas and Granulicatella were positively correlated with disease nature in yin deficiency (P<0.05). ConclusionThe study concludes that there are notable differences in the distribution of TCM syndrome elements and the species abundance and composition of salivary microbiota between the patients with pulmonary nodules and the healthy individuals. The distinct external syndrome manifestations in patients with pulmonary nodules, compared to healthy individuals, may be a cascade event triggered by changes in the salivary microbiota. The dual correlation of Porphyromonas with both disease location and nature suggests that changes in its abundance may serve as an objective indicator for the improvement of symptoms in patients with yin deficiency-type pulmonary nodules.
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affect patients' cognitive function and their mental health, imposing a huge burden on families and society. There are approximately 50 million epilepsy patients worldwide, with a prevalence rate of 4‰~7‰ in China, including about 6 million active epilepsy patients. Although scientists have been devoted to the research and exploration of epilepsy, the causes and pathological mechanisms of epilepsy are still poorly understood. The effectiveness of anti-seizure drugs is limited, and more effective methods is needed. With the deepening of microbiological research, many studies have found significant differences in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of epilepsy patients compared to healthy individuals. Analysis of the intestinal microbiota of epilepsy patients through sequencing has shown significantly lower abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes compared to the normal population. Many related clinical studies have found that adopting a ketogenic diet, taking probiotics orally, using antibiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can effectively control epilepsy by normalizing the intestinal microbiota. Various studies suggest a possible connection between the intestinal microbiota and epilepsy, recognizing that the intestinal microbiota can have an impact on the central nervous system. As a result, gut-brain axisis gradually recognized by scientists. Therefore, the role of the intestinal microbiota in epilepsy is gradually being recognized, and recent clinical studies have confirmed that supplementing probiotics can effectively reduce seizure frequency and improve comorbidities, which may become a new method for treating epilepsy.
The human gut microbiota regulates many host pathophysiological processes including metabolic, inflammatory, immune and cellular responses. In recent years, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer have increased rapidly, which is one of the biggest challenges in the field of cancer treatment today, especially in non-small cell lung cancer. Animal models and clinical studies have found that the gut microbiota of non-small cell lung cancer patients is significantly changed compared with the healthy people. The gut microbiota and metabolites can not only play a pro-cancer or tumor suppressor role by regulating immune, inflammatory responses and so on, but also be related with radiotherapy and chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer and the resistance of immunotherapy. Therefore, gut microbiota and related metabolites can be both potential markers for early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and novel therapeutic targets for targeted drugs. This study will review the latest research progress of effect of gut microbiota on non-small cell lung cancer, and provide a new diagnosis and treatment ideas for non-small cell lung cancer.
Objective To review the changes of gut microbiota after bariatric surgery and the related mechanisms of improving metabolism. Method Domestic and international literatures in recent ten years on the changes of gut microbiota in bariatric surgery and the mechanisms of improving metabolism were collated and summarized. Result The common bariatric procedures performed to date were vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The changes of gut microbiota vary in different surgical procedures, which were related to the changes of diet habits, gastrointestinal anatomy, gastrointestinal hormone levels and metabolic complications. The gut microbiota might improve the body metabolism by regulating the levels of short chain fatty acids, branched chain amino acids and bacterial endotoxin in the intestinal lumen. Conclusions Significant changes are found in gut microbiota after bariatric surgery, which may be involved in the improvement of body metabolism by regulating the level of bacterial endotoxin and microbial metabolite. However, more in-depth mechanisms need to be further clarified.
Gut microbiota and its metabolites in various human diseases have gradually become a research hotspot in the current medical community. And coronary artery disease is currently one of the most threatening clinical cardiovascular diseases in the world, so the use of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the development of its pathophysiology has also received more and more attention. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects of gut microbiota and its metabolites on coronary artery disease, as well as the research progress of intervening gut microbiota and its metabolites as therapeutic targets, hoping to expand the future research direction in this field and provide new ideas with treating coronary artery disease.
The concept of “Microbe-gut-eye axis” holds that metabolites of the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients are significantly different from those in non-DR patients. Metabolites of the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acid, bile acids and branched-chain amino acid aggravate or attenuate the progression of DR by regulating the release of inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial function, insulin sensitivity, immune response, and autophagy of retinal cells. Therefore, gut microbiota and their metabolites play a role in the occurrence and development of DR through multiple pathways. The participation of gut microbiota may open up a new way to prevent and treat DR in the future.