Objective To investigate the serum level of surfactant protein D ( SP-D) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) and its clinical significance. Methods Serumlevels of SP-D in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD ( n = 29) , stable COPD ( n = 26) , and control subjects ( n = 19 ) were measured by ELISA. Multiple regression modeling was performed to determine the independent relationship between SP-D and lung function variables. Results The serum SP-D levels were significantly increased in the patients who experienced an acute exacerbation [ ( 70. 6 ±20. 7) ng/mL] compared with the patients with stable COPD and the control subjects [ ( 47. 9 ±13. 3) ng/mL and ( 31. 2 ±11. 4) ng/mL] ( both P lt; 0. 01) . The serum SP-D levels in the patients with stable COPD increased significantly than the control subjects ( P lt; 0. 01) . Smoking index and staging of COPD were positively related to SP-D level. Serum SP-D levels were also found to be inversely related to FEV1% pred in stable COPD. Conclusion Serum SP-D may be a potential diagnostic and staging biomarker for COPD.
Increasing evidence suggests that many types of cancers contain a population of cells that display stem cell properties. These cells are called cancer stem cells （CSCs），which are closely related to tumor initiation，growth，metastasis and chemoresistance. CSCs are also found in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma （ESCC）. These cells are characterized by potential of self-renewal and differentiation，tumor formation in nude mice and chemotherapy resistance，and thus may play an important role in targeted cancer therapies. Current methods for culturing and sorting CSCs in ESCC mainly include fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS），magnetic activated cell sorting （MACS），suspension culture，and side population （SP） cell sorting. In this review，we focus on current research methods for CSCs in ESCC，their biological characteristics and areas for improvement. We believe that a combination of multiple cell-surface makers is needed for research of CSCs in ESCC.
Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracy of different combination regimens of myocardial infarction markers in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction; and to estimate the effect of heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) in improving the diagnostic accuracy of the combinations. Methods Patients with acute onset of chest pain were included randomly. Serum concentrations of H-FABP and other biochemical markers for myocardial infarction (cTnI, Myo) were determined immediately, and then acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients were defined according to the WHO criteria. ROC curves for three biochemical markers were established respectively, and the cutoff values of the three markers were determined accordingly. Three combination regimens of myocardial infarction markers for AMI diagnosis were designed: cTnI+Myo, cTnI+H-FABP, cTnI+H-FABP+Myo. Diagnostic accuracy of the three regimens were then calculated and compared. Results The AUCs for the three biochemical markers were AUCcTnI 0.938 (95%CI: 0.888-0.988), AUCMyo 0.743 (95%CI: 0.651-0.836), and AUCH-FABP 0.919 (95%CI: 0.873-0.964), respectively. AUCH-FABP was significantly larger than AUCMyo (Plt;0.01). The cutoff values of the three biochemical markers for diagnosing AMI were defined as CutoffcTnI 0.5 ng/mL, CutoffMyo 90 ng/mL, and CutoffH-FABP 5.7 ng/mL, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of these markers and their combination regimens were calculated and presented as follows (cTnI, Myo, H-FABP, cTnI+Myo, cTnI+H-FABP, cTnI+Myo+H-FABP): sensitivity: 0.804, 0.674, 0.783, 0.957, 0.957 and 0.957; specificity: 0.966, 0.747, 0.954, 0.724, 0.92 and 0.724; diagnostic efficacy: 0.910, 0.722, 0.895, 0.805, 0.932 and 0.805, respectively. Compared with the combination of cTnI+H-FABP, the sensitivities of cTnI (Z=2.261, P=0.024), Myo (Z=3.497, Plt;0.001) and H-FABP (Z=2.478, P=0.013) were significantly lower; the specificities of Myo (Z=3.062, P=0.002), cTnI+Myo (Z=3.378, Plt;0.001) and cTnI+Myo+H-FABP (Z=3.378, Plt;0.001) were significantly lower; and the diagnostic efficacies of Myo (Z=4.528, Plt;0.001), cTnI+Myo (Z=3.064, P=0.002) and cTnI+Myo+H-FABP (Z=3.064, P=0.002) were significantly lower. Conclusion The combination regimen of cTnI+H-FABP which includes H-FABP as the sensitive marker seems to be more effective than the currently used combinations in diagnosing AMI in patients with acute onset of chest pain.
【Abstract】Objective To search for valuable serum tumor markers in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Seven kinds of serum tumor markers including AFP,CEA,CA50, CA15-3,CA19-9,CA72-4 and CA125 were detected in 62 patients with pancreatic carcinoma by Auto DELFIA and IRMA, 16 patients with other gastrointestinal tumors and 16 patients with benign diseases served as control. And 19 patients after pancreatectomy were followed up. Results Among these 7 kinds of tumor markers, CA19-9,CA50 and CA125 were valuable in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. CA19-9 was the most valuable one, whose sensitivity and specificity were 90.6% and 86.7% respectively. After resection of the tumor, the 3 markers tended to decrease significantly. Conclusion Serum CA19-9,CA50 and CA125 were valuable in diagnosis and following up of pancreatic carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo explore the safety and feasibility of 3D precise localization based on anatomical markers in the treatment of pulmonary nodules during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS).MethodsFrom June 2019 to April 2015, 27 patients with pulmonary nodules underwent VATS in our Hospital were collected in the study, including 3 males and 24 females aged 51.8±13.7 years. The surgical data were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed, such as localization time, localization accuracy rate, pathological results, complication rate and postoperative hospital stay.ResultsA total of 28 pulmonary nodules were localized via this method. All patients received surgery successfully. No mortality or major morbidity occurred. The general mean localization time was 17.6±5.8 min, with an accuracy of 96.4%. The mean diameter of pulmonary nodules was 14.0±8.0 mm with a mean distance from visceral pleura of 6.5±5.4 mm. There was no localization related complication. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.7±4.3 d. The routine pathological result showed that 78.6% of the pulmonary nodules were adenocarcinoma.Conclusion3D precise localization based on anatomical markers in the treatment of pulmonary nodules during thoracoscopic surgery is accurate, safe, effective, economical and practical, and it is easy to master with a short learning curve.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the regulation of malignant biological behavior of gallbladder cancer so as to provide references for its related research.MethodThe relevant literatures about studies of lncRNA in gallbladder cancer in recent years were reviewed.ResultsThe recent studies had shown that 19 lncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer had played the important roles in regulating tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, “sponge” miRNAs, chemoresistance, and tumor metastasis. Among them, most lncRNAs tended to have carcinogenic properties, only a few had anticarcinogenic effect. Although the research suggested the mechanism and role of lncRNA to promote or inhibit the occurrence and development of gallbladder cancer, the current research on its mechanism was still limited. In addition, some lncRNAs were found to be specifically expressed in the serum of patients with gallbladder cancer, so which were expected to become biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis.ConclusionslncRNAs associated with gallbladder cancer have carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic effect, or chemoresistance. They play potential roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and (or) treatment of tumors, but molecular mechanisms of their effects are still limited.
Objective To assess value and limitations of non-invasive methods in assessing liver fibrosis．Methods By summarized current situation and advancement of serum fibrotic markers, ultrasound, CT and MRI in assessing liver fibrosis, we investigated their value and limitations. Results In addition to diagnosis, non-invasive methods of assessing liver fibrosis assess severity of liver fibrosis. For liver fibrosis, however, non-invasive methods can not monitor effectively reaction to therapy and progression. Conclusion Non-invasive methods play important roles in diagnosis and assessing severity of liver fibrosis, and reduce the need of liver biopsy.
Ferroptosis is a unique way of cell death discovered in recent years, which involves the lethal process of iron ion accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which is obviously different from the traditional cell death pathway such as apoptosis and necrosis. For a long time, tuberculosis has been a major infectious disease in the field of global public health, which brings a serious burden to the society because of its high morbidity and mortality. The emergence of drug resistance aggravates the difficulty of treating tuberculosis, and new treatment strategies and drug targets are urgently needed. Combined with the latest research progress at home and abroad, This article will discuss the molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and pulmonary tuberculosis and the relationship between signal pathways, biomarkers and related genes, in order to provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a multi-effect endocrine factor, mainly secreted in liver and adipose tissue, with the properties of lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerosis. Recent studies found that FGF21 can induce protective effect in cardiovascular disease, and plasma FGF21 levels in patients with disease cardiovascular are elevated. These studies have suggested the use of FGF21 as a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis and its potential role in the treatment of established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This article will review the recent advances in the anti-atherosclerosis effect of FGF21.
Objective To summarize the research progress of microRNA （miRNA） as a tumor marker in peripheral blood. Methods The domestic and international published literatures about circulating miRNA as a tumor marker in recent years were reviewed. Results The miRNA expression has universality，stability and specificity，and it is related to the occurrence and development of viarous diseases. Conclusion Circulating miRNA shows a broad application prospect in clinical diagnosis， treatment， and prognosis of tumor and other diseases.