The UK's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published guideline of mental wellbeing at work on March 2, 2022. The guideline covers how to create the right conditions for mental wellbeing in the workplace, with the aim of promoting supportive and inclusive workplace environments and helping people with or at potential risk of mental health problems. This review will interpret the guidelines in detail.
“Chinese Guideline for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer （version-2022）” （China Liver Cancer Staging, Abbreviation “CNLC 2022”） was updated recently and the “Barcelona Clinical Liver Cancer Strategy for Prognosis Prediction and Treatment Recommendation: The 2022 update” （Abbreviation “BCLC 2022”） was also updated in December 2021. The similarities and differences of the two guidelines were interpreted. For the BCLC stage B and C, which are equivalent to CNLC stage Ⅱa and Ⅱb and CNLC stage Ⅲa, respectively, the recommendation of surgical treatment and radiation therapy are disparate in the CNLC 2022 and BCLC 2022. For the systematic treatment of advanced liver cancer, Atezolizumab-Bevacizumab, Renvatinib and Sorafenib were both recommended as the first-line medication in the two guidelines. However, the CNLC 2022 is more flexible than BCLC 2022, which provides more treatment options for Chinese liver cancer patients. It is worth paying attention to two important new concepts proposed in the BCLC 2022: stage migration during treatment and untreatable progression. The BCLC stage B was divided into three subgroups according to tumor burden and liver function and different clinical pathways were recommended in the BCLC 2022.
In 2022, the National Cancer Center (NCC) of China reported the nationwide statistics of 2016 using population-based cancer registry data from all available cancer registries in China, which was mainly about the cancer incidence and mortality. Cancer remains a major health problem currently in our country and requires long term cooperation to deal with. This article provided a key point interpretation and analysis of cancer prevalence data in China, and provided an analysis of several main risk factors for cancer, which was conducive to the development of cancer prevention and control programs in different regions.
At present, artificial intelligence (AI) has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various ophthalmological diseases, but there are still many problems. Due to the lack of standardized test sets, gold standards, and recognized evaluation systems for the accuracy of AI products, it is difficult to compare the results of multiple studies. When it comes to the field of image generation, we hardly have an efficient approach to evaluating research results. In clinical practice, ophthalmological AI research is often out of touch with actual clinical needs. The requirements for the quality and quantity of clinical data put more burden on AI research, limiting the transformation of AI studies. The prediction of systemic diseases based on fundus images is making progressive advancement. However, the lack of interpretability of the research lower the acceptance. Ophthalmology AI research also suffer from ethical controversy due to unconstructed regulations and regulatory mechanisms, concerns on patients’ privacy and data security, and the risk of aggravating the unfairness of medical resources.
The 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease not only updates aortic valve stenosis, mitral regurgitation, prosthetic valves, infective endocarditis and antithrombotic treatment on the basis of the 2017 guidelines update for valvular heart disease, but also involves aortic valve regurgitation, bicuspid aortic valve, mitral stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, combined valve disease, pregnancy with valvular disease, valve disease complicated with coronary heart disease, valve disease complicated with non-cardiac surgery and the prospect of comprehensive management of valve disease. It covers a wide range of contents, which are introduced in detail and comprehensively. This paper interprets some highlights and core issues, including the top 10 take-home messages, the severity of valvular heart disease, and the updates in the management of aortic valve stenosis, aortic valve regurgitation, bicuspid aortic valve, mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation.
On January 11, 2022, the European Society of Vascular Surgery (ESVS) completed its first update in the “European Society for Vascular Surgery 2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Limbs” since 2015. Based on the existing literatures and expert consensus, the guidelines added and revised the treatment strategies, postoperative monitoring, and postoperative anticoagulation of superficial venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and pelvic venous diseases. The new and modified parts will be interpreted.
Since 2016, the guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) / ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) have been updated in the United States, Europe, and China, respectively. The differences among these guidelines are demonstrated in this paper. The definition of VAP, how to evaluate the effect of anti-infection therapy, and the prevention strategy are controversial. The consensuses contain diagnostic value of respiratory secretions achieved by noninvasive way for VAP and shorter anti-infection course for VAP. Importantly, pathogenic spectrum for HAP in China is different from others, which is essential for clinical practice.
The incidence of primary malignant bone tumors is low, and clinical cognition is insufficient. The establishment of diagnostic criteria is of great significance for prognosis of tumors. National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) regularly publishes “Clinical Practice Guidelines for Bone Tumors” to summarize the latest treatment progress of bone tumors. In the latest version of the guidelines released in November 2020, surgery is the main treatment for chondrosarcoma, chordoma, and giant cell tumor of bone, which can be combined with radiotherapy or targeted therapy. Ewing’s sarcoma and osteosarcoma are treated by surgery combined with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy can be used to treat high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. For recurrent tumors, surgery combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or targeted therapy can be used for control. The guidelines provide a reference for the standard treatment of bone tumors.
China Association of Chinese Medicine officially issued the clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of frozen shoulder in traditional Chinese medicine (T/CACM 1416-2022) on November 14th, 2022. The guideline covers clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention and care of frozen shoulder. This paper introduces the background of this guideline and interprets its contents of clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. It helps the applicable population deepen their understanding and standardization of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of frozen shoulder, and provides references for the development of relevant guidelines in traditional Chinese medicine orthopedics in the future.