ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on hepatic cancer cells spreading in blood.Methods AFP mRNA in peripheral blood of 19 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was detected before and after HIFU therapy by RTPCR.Results①Before HIFU therapy, 11 of 19 cases were AFP mRNA positive (57.9%), while the control group were all negative. AFP mRNA was correlated with some clinical parameters such as serum AFP level, tumor size, portal vein embolism and extrahepatic metastasis (P＜0.05). ②In 8 cases with preoperative AFP mRNA negative, only 2 cases became AFP mRNA positive immediately after therapy, and one of the 2 cases became negative again after 72 hours. One week after HIFU therapy, the AFP mRNA positive rate (31.6%) was much lower than the preoperative positive rate (57.9%), but there was no statistical significance (Pgt;0.05). ③After one week of HIFU therapy, the AFP mRNA positive rate of the group with tumor size less than 8 cm was much lower than that of tumor size larger than 8 cm (P＜0.05). ConclusionHIFU may reduce the spreading of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in blood. It is effective for patients with tumor size less than 8 cm.
In order to explore the feasibility of applying magnetic detection electrical impedance tomography (MDEIT) on respiratory monitoring, aiming at the forward problem of magnetic detection electrical impedance tomography, we calculated the electric potential and current density distribution inside the imaging object by using the finite element method. We then got magnetic induction intensity outside the object at the end of exhaling and inhaling according to Biot-Savart's law. The results showed that the magnetic induction intensity at the end of inhaling was 8.875%, less than that at the end of exhaling. By the simulation results, we could understand the difference of magnetic induction intensity value surrounding the lung at the end of exhaling and inhaling due to the change of lung volume and electrical conductivity distribution better. Our research laid the foundation for the late image reconstruction and clinical disease detection.
Objective To assess the survival of patients receiving high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and investigate the prognostic factors for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHCC) victims with HIFU application. Methods One hundred and eighty-seven patients with PHCC undergoing HIFU treatment in our department were enrolled into this study from June 2004 to June 2007. Among them, 101 patients were males and 86 were females (mean age: 47.7 years old, range: 19-79 years old). The average tumor size was 5.7 cm (range: 0.5-18.0 cm). Of these 187 patients, numbers according to Child-Pugh grade of A, B and C were 104, 52 and 31, respectively. According to TNM system, 45, 111 and 31 patients were in stage Ⅱb, Ⅲa and Ⅲb respectively. Kaplan-Meier model and log-rank test were used in univariate analysis and Cox regression model was used in multivariate analysis to identify prognostic factors for survival. Results Survival period was (17.3±2.5) months after HIFU treatment of PHCC. The overall survival rate of 3-month, 6-month, 1-year and 2-year were 79.1%, 60.1%, 35.7%, and 29.3%， respectively. It was significant that tumor number (P=0.02), size (P=0.04)， AFP (P=0.04)， Child-Pugh grade (P=0.00)， TNM stage (P=0.01)， tumor metastasis (P=0.03) before HIFU， and tumor recurrence after HIFU (P=0.02) and standard treatment (P=0.02) were prognostic factors by single factor analysis. The following factors were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival by multivariate model: standard treatment protocol (P=0.000), and TNM stage (P=0.004) and Child-Pugh grade (P=0.009) before HIFU. Conclusion It is used for improving overall survival rate to found PHCC early, protect liver function, examine comprehensively before HIFU treatment, focus on standard treatment and auxiliary treatment.
Objective To explore the correlations of serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and their ratios, with the severity of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods This prospective study included patients with CSVD who were treated at Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University between January 2022 and February 2024. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of WMH were performed using the Fazekas scale and lesion prediction algorithm. Biomarkers such as MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were measured to explore their correlations with the severity of WMH. Results A total of 144 patients with CSVD were included in this study, comprising 63 males and 81 females, with an average age of (67.60±8.73) years. There were 83 (57.6%), 41 (28.5%), and 20 (13.9%) patients were categorized as Fazekas grade 1, 2, and 3 for WMH, respectively, with an median total WMH volume of 4.31 mL. Multinomial logistic regression analysis for Fazekas grade (grade 1 as the reference level) showed that MMP-2 [grade 2: odds ratio (OR)=1.059, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.016, 1.105); grade 3: OR=1.463, 95%CI (1.124, 1.905)], TIMP-1 [grade 2: OR=1.019, 95%CI (1.006, 1.032); grade 3: OR=1.048, 95%CI (1.008, 1.090)], and MMP-9/TIMP-1 [grade 3: OR=2.650, 95%CI (1.393, 5.039)] were independently associated with Fazekas grade (P<0.05). Multinomial logistic regression analysis for the quartile group of total WMH volume (group Q1 as the reference level) showed that MMP-2 [group Q2: OR=1.160, 95%CI (1.021, 1.318); group Q3: OR=1.238, 95%CI (1.086, 1.412); group Q4: OR=1.313, 95%CI (1.140, 1.512)] and TIMP-1 [group Q2: OR=1.095, 95%CI (1.054, 1.138); group Q3: OR=1.084, 95%CI (1.045, 1.125); group Q4: OR=1.102, 95%CI (1.057, 1.149)] were independently associated with the quartile group of total WMH volume (P<0.05). Conclusions Serum levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 demonstrate significant independent associations with both the Fazekas grade and the total volume of WMH in patients with CSVD. These correlations underscore the potential utility of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 as critical biomarkers for assessing the severity of WMH in CSVD, highlighting their prospective roles in clinical diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the safety and effectiveness of uterine artery embolization (UAE), surgery and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of uterine fibroids.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang Data and CNKI databases were electronically searched to collect relevant studies on comparing the safety and effectiveness of UAE, surgery and HIFU in the treatment of uterine fibroids from January 2000 to August 2019. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias of included studies, network meta-analysis was performed by ADDIS 1.16.8 software and Stata 14.0 software.ResultsA total of 11 trials (22 references) involving 3469 patients were included. Compared with surgery, UAE and HIFU patients had higher quality of life (1-year follow-up) improvement, and UAE was higher than HIFU. Network meta-analysis showed that patients treated with HIFU had the lowest incidence of major complications within 1 year, followed by UAE, and surgery. Patients treated with HIFU and UAE had shorter hospitalization and quicker recovery time than surgery. The rate of further intervention after surgery treatment might be lower than that of UAE and HIFU.ConclusionsUAE has the highest quality of life improvement (1-year follow-up) for uterine fibroids. HIFU and UAE are safer with shorter hospital stays and quicker recovery time compared with surgery. However, both UAE and HIFU have the risk of re-treatment. However, limited by the number and quality of included studies, the above conclusions are needed to be verified by more high-quality studies.
In order to get high-resolution glomerulus image with large field of view (FOV), stitching multiple small FOV images with high-resolution is necessary. Directly stitching images without properly correction is not acceptable and cannot afford any significant assistance in pathological diagnosis for intensity inhomogeneity and geometric distortion. Therefore we proposed a method of distortion correction and intensity inhomogeneity correction of glomerulus transmission electron microscope (TEM) image. In this paper, we firstly describe how these two distortions degrade images. Secondly, based on the TEM imaging system, image acquisition model and distortion correction model were proposed. Then according to these two models, distortions were greatly degraded and stitching results were improved by respectively applying two corrections, intensity inhomogeneity correction and geometric distortion correction. With the method proposed here, the result was improved significantly and stripes, fuzzy and artifacts were decreased dramatically. Our method has been proved to be valid to solve the problems of TEM glomerulus image distortion and at the same time to improve the result of multiple TEM glomerulus image stitching.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the efficacy of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on cardiac function, exercise capacity, quality of life and depression in patients with heart failure.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, EMbase, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on HIIE on cardiac function, exercise capacity, quality of life and depression in patients with heart failure from inception to April, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Then, RevMan 5.3 software and Stata 15.1 software were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 16 RCTs involving 549 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, HIIE could increase peak oxygen consumption (MD=2.04, 95%CI 0.74 to 3.33, P=0.002), peak work rate (MD=12.85, 95%CI 1.17 to 24.52, P=0.03), left ventricular ejection fraction (MD=4.24, 95% CI 1.40 to 7.07, P=0.003), quality of life (MD=7.32, 95%CI 1.41 to 13.22, P=0.02), and the six minute walk distance (MD=42.46, 95%CI 20.40 to 64.52, P=0.000 2). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in the depression score (SMD=0.39, 95%CI −0.52 to 1.31, P=0.40) and VE/VCO2 Slope (MD=0.12, 95%CI −1.02 to 1.26, P=0.84).ConclusionsCurrent evidence shows that compared with routine exercise or moderate intensity exercise, HIIE can improve exercise capacity, quality of life and cardiac function in patients with heart failure, but there is no significant difference in improving depression. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are required to verify above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on weight loss and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. MethodsThe computer conducted searches in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to HIIT and weight loss, fat reduction, and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases to March 31, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. After evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. ResultsA total of 19 RCTs, involving 595 overweight/obese participants, were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared wtih the control group, HIIT interventions effectively reduced body weight (MD=−2.63, 95%CI −4.04 to −1.23, P<0.05), BMI (MD=−1.21, 95%CI −1.95 to −0.48, P<0.05), Fat% (MD=−1.66, 95%CI −2.28 to −1.04, P<0.05), TG (MD=−0.13, 95%CI −0.25 to −0.01, P=0.04), HDL (MD=0.14, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.23, P<0.05), and LDL (MD=−0.26, 95%CI −0.39 to −0.13, P<0.05) levels but did not improve TC (MD=−0.15, 95%CI −0.36 to 0.06, P=0.15) levels. ConclusionHIIT intervention can effectively improve body weight, BMI, Fat%, TG, HDL, and LDL levels in overweight/obese populations, particularly showing a more pronounced improvement in lipid profiles among overweight/obese adolescents, but it does not reduce TC levels. This study demonstrates that HIIT may be an effective strategy to assist in weight loss and prevent cardiovascular diseases in overweight/obese populations, with potential for broader application.
Objective To explore the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on anabolism, apoptosis and intraflagellar transport 88 (IFT88) expression in mouse chondrocytes after interleukin (IL)-1β intervention, and the correlation of cartilage repairment by LIPUS with primary cilia. Methods IL-1β intervention, LIPUS intervention and lentiviral carrying IFT88-specifific short hairpin RNA (sh-IFT88) transfection were performed on mouse chondrocytes, respectively. The groups included: normal chondrocyte group (N group), chondrocyte after IL-1β intervention group (OA group), chondrocyte after IL-1β intervention+LIPUS group (OA+U group), sh-IFT88+IL-1β intervention chondrocyte group (KO+OA group), and sh-IFT88+LIPUS+IL-1β treated chondrocyte group (KO+OA+U group). Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression of collagen Ⅱ, aggrecan, and primary cilia, and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. All experimental data were statistically analyzed using the GraphPad Prism 9.5 software. Results The expression of collagen Ⅱ and aggrecan increased, the apoptosis decreased, and the incidence of primary cilia in chondrocytes of mice increased in the OA+U group compared with those in the OA group (P<0.05). The collagen Ⅱ and aggrecan expression decreased and the apoptosis increased in the KO+OA+U group compared with those in the OA+U group (P<0.05). Conclusion LIPUS can reduce the apoptosis of chondrocytes in C57 mice after IL-1β intervention, and increase the expression of collagen Ⅱ and aggrecan in chondrocyte matrix, and the effect is related to primary cilia.
Objective To investigate the post-discharge exercise behavior and factors influencing moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients undergoing lung surgery. Methods A survey was conducted using the Investigation of Exercise Behavior after Lung Surgery questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) among patients who underwent lung surgery. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing patients’ engagement in MVPA. Results A total of 702 patients were surveyed, including 252 males and 450 females, with an average age of 52.4±10.2 years. Patients with lung cancer accounted for 85.9%. Only 36.0% of the patients had regular exercise habits, while 42.3% did not engage in any physical activity. The three main barriers were physical discomfort (pain, coughing, shortness of breath, etc, 54.7%), lack of professional guidance (41.7%), and concerns about the surgical wound (28.9%). The proportions of patients engaging in vigorous, moderate, and low-intensity physical activity were 5.7%, 28.2%, and 66.1%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that patients with a personal annual income ≥50000 yuan (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.01-2.29, P=0.044), high school education or above (OR=1.92, 95%CI 1.33-2.76, P<0.001), and lobectomy (OR=1.44, 95%CI 1.02-2.03, P=0.037) engaged in more MVPA. Conclusion Patients undergoing lung surgery have inadequate physical activity after discharge, particularly lacking in MVPA. Patients with higher income, higher educational levels, and lobectomy are more frequently engaged in MVPA. Measures such as symptom control, providing exercise guidance, and enhancing education on wound care may potentially improve the inadequate physical activity in lung surgery patients after discharge.