Objective To investigate and compare the osteogenic potential of three kinds of calcium phosphate ceramic as carriers for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2(rhBMP-2) in vivo.Methods BCPceramics (HA,TCP,HA/TCP) impregnated with rhBMP-2 (experimental groups) and without rhBMP-2(control groups) were implanted into 6 muscles pockets on the dorsum of 3month-old Wistar rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed 2, 4 and 8 weeks after implantation and bone induction was estimated by alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity measurement. The implants were also examined histologically and histomorphometrically by HE staining and computerized graphical analysis. Results The ALPactivity of implants withrhBMP-2 was higher than that of control groups(P＜0.05), but there was no difference between 2 and 4 weeks in experimental groups. In all experimental groups,theimplants exhibited that new bone formation increased with the lapse of time. The amount of new bone formation is more in -HA/rhBMP-2 group than in the other two group in the 2nd and 4th weeks, but there was no difference between them (P＞0.05).In the 8th week, the amount of bone formation was most in HA/TCP with -rhBMP-2, and was more than that in the 2nd and 4th weeks. Whereas in control groups, there was only fibrous connective tissue. Conclusion HA/TCP- is a good carriers of rhBMP-2 and can be used as bone substitutes clinically.
Objective To investigate a new grafting material of bone xenograft with b bone inductive and conductive capacity. Methods Based on successful clinical application of the reconstituted bone xenograft (RBX), a new xenograft was made by combining recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with antigen-free bovine cancellous bone (BCB). Sixty male BALB/C mice aged 4 weeks were divided into study group of 30 and control group of 30 randomly. rhBMP-2 / BCB was implanted in the left thigh muscle pouch in the study group andBCB in the control group. The mice were sacrificed at 7 d, 14d and 21d after implantation. Inductivity of rhBMP-2/BCB was detected by histological observation and biochemical determination of the samples. Results Histological examinationshowed that rhBMP-2/BCB induced chondrogenesis on the 7th day, with woven boneformed on the 14th day, and lamellar bone and marrow on the 21st day, while BCBfailed to induce chondrogenesis or osteogenesis on the 7th, 14th and 21st days. The alkaline phosphatase activities and calcium content in study group were higher than those in control group with significant difference (P＜0.01). Conclusion rhBMP-2/BCB is an ideal grafting material with b bone inductive and conductive capacity without evoking immune reaction.
Objective To investigate the effect of tissue engineering bone compounded in vitro by nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/ polylactic acid (nHAC/PLA) and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in repairing rabbit critical calvarial defects. Methods Forty eight New Zealand rabbits, weighting 2.0-2.5 kg, were made the models of critical cranial defects(15 mm in diameter) and divided into 4 groups randomly. Defects were repaired with autoflank bone in the positive control group; with no implant in the blank control group; with nHAC/PLA in the negative control; and with active nHAC/PLA(AnHAC/PLA) in the experimental group(the average quality of each AnHAC/PLA absorbed rhBMP-2 was 1.431 mg). The reapir results were observed through X-ray,HE dyeing and Masson’s trichrism dyeing after 8 and 16 weeks. Results The difference of bone formation was observed by X-ray block degree of skull defect area at 8 and 16 weeks. In the 8 th week and 16 th week, the radiopacities on cranial defect were 67.21%±2.06% and 86.48%±1.73% in the positive control group； 5.84%±1.92% and 9.48%±2.72% in the blank control group; 19.13%±2.51% and 35.67%±3.28% in the negative control group; and 58.84%±2.55% and 8561%±3.36% in the experimental group. There were significant differences between the negative control and the positive control group, and between the experimental group and the positive control group at 8 weeks(Plt;0.05) . There were significant differences between the negative control and blank group, and between the experiment and the blank group at 8 and 16 weeks(P＜0.05). The histology observation showed that the width of bone trabecula at 16 weeks was more than that at 8 weeks and bone defectwas full of bone tissue in positive control group. The bone defect was full of fibrous tissue at 8 and 16 weeks, and there was no new bone in the blank group. The bone defect was full of remnant material and fibrous tissue in the negative control group. The implanted area was replaced by the new bone at 8 weeks and the new bone was lamellar at 16 weeks in the experimental group; the residual material was less in defect area and there were more osteoblasts surrounding. Conclusion The nHAC/PLA is a good scaffoldmaterial of rhBMP-2 and AnHAC/PLA has agood ability in repairing bone defect. So it is hopeful to be applied in the clnical repair of large bone defect.
Objective To evaluate the relation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 ribonucleic acid (RNA) loads in cerebrospinal fluid with central neurological diseases. Methods The inpatients with HIV-1 infection diagnosed by Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu between January 1st, 2015 and March 1st, 2018 were retrospectively included. The included patients were divided into central neurological disease group and non-central neurological disease group, and high viral load group and low viral load group. The demographic data, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, routine detection of cerebrospinal fluid, HIV RNA load in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of patients with and without central neurological diseases were observed and compared.Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for central neurological diseases. Results A total of 367 patients were included. In the central neurological disease group, 210 cases (57.22%) were complicated with central neurological diseases, and cryptococcus infection was the most. Compared with the non-central neurological disease group, the increase rate of cerebrospinal fluid cell counts, cerebrospinal fluid cell counts, cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA positivity and cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA load were higher in the central neurological disease group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that HIV RNA load in cerebrospinal fluid≥100 000 copies/mL and CD4+ T lymphocyte count<200 cells/mm3 were risk factors for central neurological diseases. Conclusion Cerebrospinal fluid HIV RNA load≥100 000 copies/mL is an independent risk factor for HIV/AIDS patients with central neurological diseases and clinical treatment should take this factor into consideration to reasonably optimize the selection of antiretroviral therapy.
Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHuEPO) on expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in hyperoxia-induced lung injury of adult rats. Methods Fortyeight healthy male SD adult rats were randomly divided into six groups. The control group ( 0 h) breathed with room air. The rHuEPO intervention group was put into oxygen chamber and breathed with 100% O2 for 96 h plus intraperitoneal injection of rHuEPO (1000 U/kg) daily. Other four groups were put into oxygen chamber and breathed with 100% O2 for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h respectively. Arterial blood gases were measured to calculate oxygenation index. Wet-to-dry weight ratios of left lung were measured. The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were assayed with radioimmunoassay. The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in the lung were determined withWestern blot and immunohistochemisty. The changes of lung histopathology were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin stain and observed under light microscope. Results After breathing 100% O2 , the oxygenation index decreased gradually and reached minimal value at 96 h. The wet-to-dry weight ratio of left lung increased gradually and reached maximal value at 96 h. The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF reached maximal value at 48 h and then decreased gradually. The expression of Bax protein increased, but the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased gradually in the lung. Compared with the 96 h group, the oxygenation index was higher, wet-to-dry weight ratio and contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in BALF decreased, the expression of Bax protein decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased in the lung of the rHuEPO group. Conclusion rHuEPO can attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury of adult rats by down-regulating expression of Bax protein and up-regulating expression of Bcl-2 protein.
Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects and related mechanisms of NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP-3) inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 on oxidative stress, inflammation, and pyroptosis in human esophageal epithelial cells (HEECs). MethodsHEECs cells were passaged and divided into blank control group, acid stimulation group (stimulated 3 times a day with pH 4 acidic medium for 15 minutes each time, cultured for 48 hours), bile salt stimulation group (stimulated 3 times a day with 400 μmol/L bile salt mixture for 15 minutes each time, cultured for 48 hours), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group (stimulated with 10 μL of 100 ng/mL LPS for 48 hours), MCC950 group (stimulated with 10 μL of 7.5 ng/mL MCC950 for 4 hours, then stimulated with acid, bile hydrochloric acid, and LPS for 48 hours), and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) group (stimulated with 1 mmol/L NAC for 4 hours, then stimulated with acid, bile hydrochloric acid, and LPS 48 hours). Three culture dishes were used in each group to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of oxidative protein/antioxidant protein [Nox-4 (NADPH oxidase 4), nuclearfactor erythroidderived 2-like 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)], NLRP-3 signaling pathway [NLRP-3/caspase-1/intereukin (IL)-1β/IL-18], and cell apoptosis pathway [caspase-4/caspase-5/GSDMD] using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting experiments. Cell apoptosis were observed through Hoechst33342 staining. ResultsMCC950 intervention (0.023) and NAC intervention (0.031) effectively inhibited HEECs apoptosis induced by acid (0.042), bile salt (0.047), and LPS (0.054). The results of RT-PCR experiments showed that MCC950 intervention and NAC intervention significantly inhibited the high expression of Nox-4 mRNA (MCC950: 1.68; NAC: 1.62) in HEECs cells induced by acid (2.40), bile salt (3.07), and LPS (3.52), and significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant proteins Nrf-2 (MCC950: 0.72; NAC: 0.57) and HO-1 (MCC950: 0.74; NAC: 0.57). MCC950 intervention and antioxidant NAC intervention effectively inhibited the mRNA expression levels of NLRP-3 (MCC950: 1.58; NAC: 1.47), ASC (MCC950: 1.56; NAC: 1.93), caspase-1 (MCC950: 1.64; NAC: 1.96), IL-1β (MCC950: 1.66; NAC: 1.82), IL-18 (MCC950: 1.58; NAC: 1.84) in HEECs cells induced by acid stimulated, bile salt stimulated, and LPS. MCC950 intervention and antioxidant NAC intervention effectively inhibited the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis pathway markers such as caspase-4 (MCC950: 1.51; NAC: 1.61), caspase-5 (MCC950: 1.38; NAC: 1.64), and GSDMD (MCC950: 1.41; NAC: 1.54) induced by acid stimulation, bile salt stimulation, and LPS in HEECs cells. The electrophoresis results were similar with RT-PCR. ConclusionAcid, bile salt, and LPS can all induce the overexpression of oxidative stress markers in HEECs, reduce the expression of antioxidant proteins, and activate the NLRP-3 inflammasome signaling pathway and cell pyroptosis pathway, promoting cellular inflammatory damage, but MCC950 has a protective effect.
ObjectiveTo investigate the aim antigen coursing the hyperacute rejection of xenotransplantation. MethodsDocuments about hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation were reviewed and summarized in detail. ResultsPig is thought to be one of the ideal donors of xenotransplantation, but the major obstacle is hyperacute rejection mediated by complement that is activated though human serum. αGal is recognized as the major antigen and its expression is controlled by α1,3 galactosyltransferase. Immunoabsorption of preexsisted antibody, enzymatic digestion of αGal, knockout αGT gene and transgenic technology have been used to solve this problem. Even so, there remain other antigens which can combine with natural antibodies in human serum, such as, 40×103 molecule in erythrocyte, 210×103, 105×103 and 50×103 antigen in pig embryo brain cell, etc. Conclusion αGal is the major antigen which course the hyperacute rejection. Besides αGal, many nonalphagal need further investigation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the role of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in the treatment of patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). MethodsThirty-eight patients with MODS routinely treated with antibiotics and nutrition support were divided into two groups: the rhGH group and control group. The rhGH group was treated by subcutaneous injection of 5 U rhGH for two weeks. ResultsOn the 7th day of treatment, the score of APACHE Ⅱ in the rhGH group was much higher than the control group, the levels of ALT, AST, BUN and Cre did not change much compared with the control group. The level of albumin in the rhGH group increased (P＜0.05). The stay in ICU, time of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay decreased compared with the control group (P＜0.05). ConclusionrhGH can effectively improve the pathophysiology of critically ill patients and has no side effects on the function of liver and kidney, meanwhile it can shorten hospital stay and decrease mortality.
The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a key part of the wearable monitoring technologies, which has many communication technologies to choose from, like Bluetooth, ZigBee, Ultra Wideband, and Wireless Human Body Communication (WHBC). As for the WHBC developed in recent years, it is worthy to be further studied. The WHBC has a strong momentum of growth and a natural advantage in the formation of WBAN. In this paper, we first briefly describe the technical background of WHBC, then introduce theoretical model of human-channel communication and digital transmission machine based on human channel. And finally we analyze various of the interference of the WHBC and show the AFH (Adaptive Frequency Hopping) technology which can effectively deal with the interference.
In an anti-thrombotic pressure circulatory device, relays and solenoid valves serve as core execution units. Thus the therapeutic efficacy and patient safety of the device will directly depend on their performance. A new type of testing system for relays and solenoid valves used in the anti-thrombotic device has been developed, which can test action response time and fatigue performance of relay and solenoid valve. PC, data acquisition card and test platform are used in this testing system based on human-computer interaction testing modules. The testing objectives are realized by using the virtual instrument technology, the high-speed data acquisition technology and reasonable software design. The two sets of the system made by relay and solenoid valve are tested. The results proved the universality and reliability of the testing system so that these relays and solenoid valves could be accurately used in the anti-thrombotic pressure circulatory equipment. The newly-developed testing system has a bright future in the aspects of promotion and application prospect.