Objective To explore the effects of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 on liver lipid metabolism in rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its possible mechanism. Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control group, MS model group and three TMC0356 test groups (low-, medium- and high-dose groups). The rats in each group were fed with different diets for 7 days, and the liver was dissected and removed after 15 weeks. The mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome hyperbioactive receptor-α (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (REBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and carnitine lipoacyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) genes in liver were detected. Results There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of PPAR-α, SREBP-1c or CPT-1 among the five groups (P>0.05). The mRNA expression of FAS in low-dose TMC0356 test group was lower than that in MS model group (P=0.011), medium-dose TMC0356 test group (P=0.042) and high-dose TMC0356 test group (P=0.009). There was no significant difference in the expression of FAS mRNA between other groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the protein expression of PPAR-α, SREBP-1c or FAS among the five groups (P>0.05). The protein expression of CPT-1 in low-dose TMC0356 test group was higher than that in control group (P=0.033) and high-dose TMC0356 test group (P=0.043). There was no significant difference in the protein expression of CPT-1 between the other groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 may improve the symptoms of metabolic disorder in rats by suppressing appetite, improving insulin resistance, and downregulating the expression of key fat metabolism genes such as FAS and SREBP-1c.
Objective To investigate the correlation between serum level of visfatin and obesity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ( OSAHS) . Methods Forty-seven patients with OSAHS and 20 healthy controls were recruited in this study. Polysomnography was performed in all subjects to detect apnea-hypopnea index ( AHI) . The serumlevels of cisfatin, C-reactive protein ( CRP) , TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The body mass inex ( BMI) was calculated.The level of cisfatin was compared between the OSAHS patients with different severity and the controls, and its relationship with the levels of AHI, BMI, CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 was analyzed. Results The serumlevel of visfatin in the OSAHS patients was higher significantly than that in the controls ( P lt;0. 01) and increased by the severity of OSAHS. There were positive correlations between the serum level of visfatin and AHI,BMI, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 in the OSAHS patients ( P lt;0. 05) . Conclusion The expression of visfatin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OSAHS.
ObjectiveTo study the preparation and properties of the hyaluronic acid (HA)/α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-CSH)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) material (hereinafter referred to as composite material). Methods Firstly, the α-CSH was prepared from calcium sulfate dihydrate by hydrothermal method, and the β-TCP was prepared by wet reaction of soluble calcium salt and phosphate. Secondly, the α-CSH and β-TCP were mixed in different proportions (10∶0, 9∶1, 8∶2, 7∶3, 5∶5, and 3∶7), and then mixed with HA solutions with concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%, respectively, at a liquid-solid ratio of 0.30 and 0.35 respectively to prepare HA/α-CSH/ β-TCP composite material. The α-CSH/β-TCP composite material prepared with α-CSH, β-TCP, and deionized water was used as the control. The composite material was analyzed by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, initial/final setting time, degradation, compressive strength, dispersion, injectability, and cytotoxicity. ResultsThe HA/α-CSH/β-TCP composite material was prepared successfully. The composite material has rough surface, densely packed irregular block particles and strip particles, and microporous structures, with the pore size mainly between 5 and 15 μm. When the content of β-TCP increased, the initial/final setting time of composite material increased, the degradation rate decreased, and the compressive strength showed a trend of first increasing and then weakening; there were significant differences between the composite materials with different α-CSH/β-TCP proportion (P<0.05). Adding HA improved the injectable property of the composite material, and it showed an increasing trend with the increase of concentration (P<0.05), but it has no obvious effect on the setting time of composite material (P>0.05). The cytotoxicity level of HA/α-CSH/β-TCP composite material ranged from 0 to 1, without cytotoxicity. Conclusion The HA/α-CSH/β-TCP composite materials have good biocompatibility. Theoretically, it can meet the clinical needs of bone defect repairing, and may be a new artificial bone material with potential clinical application prospect.
Objective To compare the clinical effects of two surgical approaches to treatment of horseshoe kidney.Methods From January 1965 to December 1982, 15 patients (11 males, 4 females; aged 14 months to 59 years with a median of 31 years) with horseshoe kidney underwent surgical treatment by the waist cretroperitoneal approach (the waist-approach group). The clinical symptoms and signs were as follows:pain in the waist and abdomen (12 patients), hematuria (7), urinary frequency (4), gastrointestinal disorder (3), and abdominal masses (2). The urography revealed urinary calculus in 10 patients, hydronephrosis in 3, renal cyst in 1, pyonephrosis in 1, renal tuberculosis in 1, and renal cell carcinoma in 1. From January 1977 to December 2005, 17patients (15 males, 2 females; aged 11 months to 56 years with a median of 29.4years) with horseshoe kidney underwent surgical treatment by the epigastric transperitoneal approach (theabdomenapproach group). The clinical symptoms and signs were as follows:pain in the waist and abdomen (15patients), hematuria (12), urinary frequency (10), gastrointestinal disorder (9), and abdominal masses (7). Theurography revealed urinary calculus in 12 patients, hydronephrosis in 10,renal cyst in 3, renal tuberculosis in 1, renal cell carcinoma in 1, and congenital spinal bifida in 1. The two surgical approaches were compared in the clinical therapeutic effects. Results There were no statistically significant differences in operating time, blood loss during operation, and the hospitalization after operation between the waistapproach group and the abdomen-approach group (129.59±23.25 min vs. 163.80±36.25min; 495.29±87.20ml vs. 553.00±92.27ml；13.17±1.14d vs. 13.75±0.21d; Pgt;0.05). Thepostoperative followup for 7 months to 6 years in 11 patients in the waistapproach group and in 6 patients in the abdomenapproach group revealed that there were statistically significant differences in postoperative complication and the recurrence rate of the renal calculus between the two groups (11.76%, 2/17 vs 26.67%, 4/15; 33.33%, 5/15 vs. 0, 0/17; Plt;0.05). The urography or CT taken 6 months to 2 years after operation in 4 patients in the waistapproach group and in 10 patients in the abdomenapproach group revealedthat there was a significant improvement hydronephrosis when compared with before operation.
ObjectiveTo investigate the methodological and reporting quality of clinical trials involving Xiaoyao San for chronic fatigue syndrome. MethodsWe searched PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about Xiaoyao San for chronic fatigue syndrome. The methodological and reporting quality of included RCTs was respectively evaluated according to the assessment tool of risk of bias of the Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0 and the CONSORT 2010 statement, combined with complementary assessment by the characteristic indicators of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The methodological and reporting quality of included case series study was respectively assessed by the methods recommended by the Britain's National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) and the STROBE statement. ResultsA total of 27 clinical trials were included, involving 11 RCTs and 16 case series studies. According to the assessment tool of risk of bias of the Cochrane Handbook, 54.5% of the RCTs performed proper random method, 9.1% conducted allocation concealment and blinding, 72.7% selected intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis without the report of loss to follow-up, and no RCT existed selective reports. Corresponding to the characteristic indicators of TCM, 54.5% of the RCTs did not conduct TCM syndrome diagnosis, the curative effect standard of TCM syndrome was discrepant, and no RCT was multi-center study. The CONSORT 2010 statement indicated that no RCT explained sample size estimation, implementation details of randomization, flow diagram of participant, use of ITT and clinical trial registration. According to the items recommended by Britain's NICE, 6.25% of the case series studies were multi-center, 81.25% did not report clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, and no case series study performed continuous patient recruitment and stratification analysis of outcome. The STROBE statement indicated that no case series study reported research design, sample size, flow chart, bias, limitations and generalizability. ConclusionThe quality of clinical trials about Xiaoyao San for chronic fatigue syndrome is still low in methodological and reporting aspects. It is suggested that the future clinical trials should be conducted with references of CONSORT statement and STROBE statement, to propel the modernization and internationalization of TCM.
Objective To investigate the method of combining radial forearm free flap and adjacent tissue flap in reconstruction of palatomaxillary defects and its effectiveness. Methods Between March 2005 and May 2010, 17 patients with palatomaxillary defects were treated. There were 11 males and 6 females with an age range of 45-74 years (mean, 62.5 years), including 1 case of benign tumor and 16 cases of malignant tumors (7 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of palate, 1 case of recurring squamous cell carcinoma of palate, 1 case of malignant melanoma of palate, 1 case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of palate, 1 case of malignant melanoma of maxilla, 1 case of ductal carcinoma of maxilla, and 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of maxilla). The maxillectomy defect ranged from 7.0 cm × 5.5 cm to 10.0 cm × 7.5 cm. According to Brown’s classification for the maxillectomy defect, there were type II in 15 cases, type III in 2 cases. Palatomaxillary defects were repaired with radial forearm free flap and buccal fat pad in 11 cases, and with radial forearm free flap, buccal fat pad, and mandibular osteomuscular flap pedicled with temporal muscle in 6 cases. The effectiveness was evaluated after operation by observing the vitality of the flap, the functions of speech, swallowing, breath, and the facial appearance. Results All cases were followed up 6-12 months without tumor recurrence. All flaps and skin grafts at donor sites survived. The functions of seech, swallowing, and breath were normal without obvious opening limitation. The facial appearance was satisfactory without obvious maxillofacial deformity. No enophthalmos occurred in patients with orbital floor and infraorbital rim defects. The patients had no oronasal fistula with satisfactory oral and nasal functions. Conclusion According to the type of palatomaxillary defects, it can have good early effectiveness to select combining radial forearm free flap and buccal fat pad or combining radial forearm free flap, buccal fat pad, and mandibular osteomuscular flap for repairing defects.
ObjectiveTo analyze the correlation between the gray value of epicardial fat and the prognosis of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) treated by thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation.MethodsThe clinical data of 97 patients, including 75 males and 22 females with an average age of 57.8±9.4 years, who underwent thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation in Fuwai Hospital from 2017 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. The left atrial fat volume and average gray scale were calculated by left atrial enhanced CT. According to the average gray scale of left atrial fat tissue, the patients were divided into three groups: a high gray scale group, a medium gray scale group and a low gray scale group. The patients were followed up at 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The end point of follow-up was the recovery rate of sinus rhythm. Survival analysis was used to analyze the correlation between CT features of epicardial fat enhancement and prognosis.ResultsAfter adjustment of body mass index, body surface area, gender and left atrial end diastolic diameter, regression analysis showed that the fat gray of left atrial enhanced CT was correlated with the type of AF (OR=0.30, 95%CI 0.12-0.79, P=0.014). Cox regression analysis showed that the fat gray value of left atrial CT predicted the recurrence of AF after thoracoscopic radiofrequency ablation (OR=0.92, 95%CI 0.85-0.99). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed significant difference in the long-term recurrence rate of AF among the three groups (P=0.011). The lower left atrial fat enhanced CT gray scale was, the higher long-term recurrence rate of AF was.ConclusionThe gray value of left atrial fat enhanced CT can effectively predict the recurrence of AF after radiofrequency ablation in thoracoscopic surgery.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of sleeve gastrectomy on preventing adipose infiltration and LOX-1 expression in aortic epithelium of high-fat-diet-induced obese rats. MethodsTwenty-four Wistar rats were randomized into normal chow group (CO group), high-fat diet group (HD group), and high-fat diet combined with sleeve gastrectomy group (SG group). Rats of three groups before operation and CO group after operation were fed with normal diet, rats of HD and SG group were fed with high-fat diet. Body weight of all the rats were examined on day 10, 20, and 30 after operation, respectively. Animals were sacrificed on day 30 after operation and plasma HDL and LDL were detected by ELISA, LOX-1 and LOX-1 mRNA expression in aortic epithelium were measured by Western blot and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. Immunochemical histological Nile red stain was adopted in adipose infiltration examination of aorta. ResultsThe body weights in HD group were much higher than those of other groups （Plt;0.01）. The HDL in CO, HD, and SG groups was (32.9±6.2) mg/dl, (43.4± 4.0) mg/dl, and (37.5± 4.3) mg/dl, respectively. The LDL in CO, HD, and SG groups was (31.8±4.5) mg/dl, (53.3±5.1) mg/dl, and (40.5±3.7 ) mg/dl, respectively. The HDL and LDL values in HD group were higher than those of other two groups (Plt;0.05, Plt;0.01). The LOX-1 protein and mRNA expressions in HD group were much higher than those of other groups (Plt;0.01). Adipose staining in HD group was also ber than that of other groups. ConclusionsHigh-fat diet can induce elevation of LOX-1 protein and mRNA expression in aorta. Sleeve gastrecto my can relieve plasma LDL level, as a result, LOX-1 protein and mRNA expression should be down-regulated.
Myocardial remodeling is a common pathological physiology change for a variety of heart diseases under stimulation such as stress or ischemia. The engine body will release a lot of cytokines to promote the change of myocardial structure and ultimately lead to heart failure. Myocardial remodeling includes myocardial cells remodeling and the extracellular matrix remodeling. In recent years, we find that the function of adipose tissue is not only about energy storage, buffering to protect, supporting and filling, but also has a powerful function of secretion. Adipose tissue can secrete various adipocytokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, angiotensin Ⅱ, and so on. Current studies have shown that adipocytokines and myocardial remodeling are intimated. And this article will summarize the function of adipocytokines on myocardial remodeling.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of fish oil containing lipid emulsion (FO) in sepsis. MethodsRandomized controlled trials about fish oil containing lipid emulsion in sepsis,which were published from 1980,were searched from the following electronic databases:PubMed,Embase,Foreign Medical Journal Service,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang Database,and VIP Database. The articles screening,quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. The methodological quality of trials was assessed by Jadad's scale. All data was analyzed by Review Manager 5.2 software. ResultsFifteen studies involving 794 participants met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis results were as follows:compared with the control group,①FO could shorten the length of ICU stay[WMD=-5.59,95%CI(-7.65,-3.53)] and the length of hospital stay[WMD=-10.48,95%CI(-14.67,-6.29)],and also decrease the 28-day mortality[RR=0.69,95%CI(0.52,0.93)]. ②FO could reduce the concentration of TNF-α[WMD=31.78,95%CI(5.63,57.92)] and improve oxygenation index[WMD=41.95,95%CI(30.80,53.11)] in septic patients. ③There was no statistical significance in the decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) between two groups(P>0.05). ConclusionThe administration of FO in septic patients can significantly shorten the length of ICU stay and hospital stay,decrease the 28-day mortality,reduce the concentration of TNF-α and improve oxygenation index. However,it shows no significant difference in the decrease of CRP compared with the administration of traditional lipid emulsion. All of the above results show that the septic patients can benefit from the administration of fish oil containing lipid emulsion.