Including gut microbiota and oral microbiota, various microorganisms in different human ecosystem constitute the human microbiota, which play an important role in human metabolism, immunity and maintaining microecological homeostasis. Abnormal changes in gut microbiota known as dysbiosis may lead to metabolic abnormalities and inflammatory changes, which are closely related to disease states including hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diseases. The main cause of coronary artery disease is coronary atherosclerosis, a chronic and progressive inflammatory disease. Many evidences have shown that there is a correlation between gut microbiota and coronary artery disease. Therefore, we aim to review the relationship between gut microbiota and coronary artery disease, and discuss the possible research directions and application prospects.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a multi-effect endocrine factor, mainly secreted in liver and adipose tissue, with the properties of lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerosis. Recent studies found that FGF21 can induce protective effect in cardiovascular disease, and plasma FGF21 levels in patients with disease cardiovascular are elevated. These studies have suggested the use of FGF21 as a biomarker for subclinical atherosclerosis and its potential role in the treatment of established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This article will review the recent advances in the anti-atherosclerosis effect of FGF21.
ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors affecting occurrence of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to develop a nomogram predictive model using these risk factors. MethodsA case-control study was conducted. The patients with T2DM accompanied with ASO and those with T2DM alone, admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2017 to December 2022, were retrospectively collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The basic characteristics, blood, thyroid hormones, and other relevant indicators of the paitents in two groups were compared. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors for the occurrence of ASO in the patients with T2DM, and then a nomogram predictive model was developed. ResultsThere were 119 patients with T2DM alone and 114 patients with T2DM accompanied with lower extremity ASO in this study. The significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of smoking history, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, platelet count, systemic immune-inflammation index, systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein α (Apoα), serum cystatin C, free-triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine, FT3/total triiodothyronine ratio, fibrinogen (Fib), fibrinogen degradation products, and plasma D-dimer (P<0.05). Further the results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the history of smoking, increased Fib level and SIRI value increased the probabilities of ASO occurrence in the patients with T2DM [OR (95%CI)=2.921 (1.023, 4.227), P=0.003; OR (95%CI)=2.641 (1.810, 4.327), P<0.001; OR (95%CI)=1.020 (1.004, 1.044), P=0.018], whereas higher levels of ApoA1 and FT3 were associated with reduced probabilities of ASO occurrence in the patients with T2DM [OR (95%CI)=0.231 (0.054, 0.782), P=0.021; OR (95%CI)=0.503 (0.352, 0.809), P=0.002]. The nomogram predictive model based on these factors demonstrated a good discrimination for predicting the ASO occurrence in the T2DM patients [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95%CI)=0.788 (0.730, 0.846)]. The predicted curve closely matched the ideal curve (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, χ2=5.952, P=0.653). The clinical decision analysis curve showed that the clinical net benefit of intervention based on the nomogram model was higher within a threshold probability range of 0.18 to 0.80 compared to no intervention or universal intervention. ConclusionsThe analysis results indicate that T2DM patients with a smoking history, elevated Fib level and SIRI value, as well as decreased ApoA1 and FT3 levels should be closely monitored for ASO risk. The nomogram predictive model based on these features has a good discriminatory power for ASO occurrence in T2DM patients, though its value warrants further investigation.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a cardiovascular disease mainly caused by atherosclerosis, which involves a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms such as lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and endothelial dysfunction. Fetuin B is a glycoprotein secreted by the liver, which can participate in many processes such as cell inflammation, vascular calcification, and lipid metabolism, and is closely related to the pathogenesis of CAD. This article reviews the relationship between fetuin B and CAD and the mechanism of its occurrence and development, in order to provide new choices and methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CAD.
摘要:目的: 探讨动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)和静脉血栓形成(VT)患者同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)变化。 方法 :通过循环酶法对34例非动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)和静脉血栓形成(VT)患者(对照组),30例动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)患者和26例静脉血栓形成(VT)患者血液中Hcy进行测定。 结果 :循环酶法测定HCY的批内平均变异系数为2．23％,批间平均变异系数为1．59％。34例对照组,〖WTBX〗t =1135,〖WTBX〗P =0266gt;005;动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)组Hcy含量明显高于对照组(〖WTBX〗P lt;O．05),静脉血栓形成(VT)组Hcy含量高于对照组(〖WTBX〗P lt;0．O5)。 结论 :高同型半胱氨酸血症可能是动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)和静脉血栓形成(VT)及复发的致病因素。可将同型半胱氨酸作为动脉硬化闭塞症(ASO)和静脉血栓形成(VT)及复发的重要指标。Abstract: Objective: TO syudy the changes of the Homocysteine about Atherosclerosis obliterans and Venous thrombosis patients. Methods : To measure the Hcy in the blood of 34 healthy cases both non ASO and non VT(the comparison group),30 cases of ASO patients and 26 cases of VT patients respectively by enzymatic cycling assay。〖WTHZ〗Results :The average variation coefficient of Hcy within the groups was 223% and among the groups was 159% measured by enzymatic cycling assay.In the 34 cases of comparison group,t=1135,P=0266gt;005,The content of Hcy in the blood of ASO patients group were significantly higher than the comparision group (Plt;005),and the content of Hcy in the blood of VT patients group were also higher than the comparison group (Plt;005). Conclusion : Hyper Hcy may be the pathogenic diathesis to form or to recrudesce ASO and VT.So we can treat Hcy as the significant index to form or to recrudesce ASO and VT.
Cardiovascular disease is a severe threat to human health and life. Among many risk factors of cardiovascular disease, genetic or gene-based ones are drawing more and more attention in recent years. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that the loss or mutation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene can result in DNA damage repair dysfunctions, telomere shortening, decreased antioxidant capacity, insulin resistance, increased lipid levels, etc., and thus can promote the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors, such as aging, atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we discusses the possible mechanisms between ATM gene and cardiovascular risk factors, which could be helpful to the related research and clinical application.
ObjectiveTo explore the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and subclinical atherosclerosis among general Chinese population. MethodsPeople who took routine physical exam in the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital were randomly selected from June 2011 to June 2012. We included those who received carotid artery ultrasonography and denied having symptoms of arterial ischemia, and screened the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among them, including waist circumstance (WC) and triglycerides (TG). According to levels of WC and TG, the subjects were divided into three groups:Group I (those with normal levels of WC and TG); Group II (those with elevated levels of WC or TG); and Group Ⅲ (those with elevated WC and TG). ResultsA total of 484 subjects were included with average age of 47.3±11.3 years, of which, 72.1% of the subjects were male. The risk factors of CVD in Group I, Group II and Group III orderly increased, with significant differences. Then the subjects were stratified by age. For the elderly (no less than 60 years, n=75), the morbidities of subclinical atherosclerosis was 73.7% in Group I, 79.3% in Group II, and 70.4% in Group Ⅲ, respectively; and the results of univariate analysis and multivariate analysis showed that, HTGW was poorly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the elderly. For the young and middle-aged (less than 60 years, n=409), the morbidities were 19.8% in Group I, 35.1% in Group II, and 36.1% in Group III, respectively; after adjusting the confounding factors, Group II and Group III showed close association with subclinical atherosclerosis in the young and middle-aged when taking Group I as referent, with ORs (Group Ⅱ:1.987, 95%CI 1.073 to 3.679, P=0.029; and Group Ⅲ:2.060, 95%CI 1.020 to 4.161, P=0.044). ConclusionHTGW population has high-level risk factors of CVD which also present a tendency of aggregation. HTGW is closely associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in the young and middle-aged; while in the elderly, HTGW is poorly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, but the morbidity of subclinical atherosclerosis is higher.
ObjectiveTo explore the differential expression of Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) in type A aortic dissection at diverse ages.MethodsThe expression of SIRT1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in aortic tissue of the patients with type A aortic dissection (an aortic dissection group) and coronary heart disease (a control group) from 2019 to 2020 in the First Hospital of China Medical University was analyzed. In each group, the patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the age (a younger subgroup, <45 years; a middle age subgroup, 45-60 years; an elderly subgroup, >60 years). The quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunochemical stainning were used to detect the mRNA or protein expression of SIRT1 and MCP-1. ResultsA total of 60 patients were included in each group, including 79 males and 41 females. There were 20 patients in the yonger, middle age and elderly subgroups for the two groups, respectively. Compared with the control group, the expression of SIRT1 mRNA decreased in the aortic dissection group (the younger subgroup: 4.54±1.52 vs. 8.78±2.57; the middle age group: 2.70±1.50 vs. 5.74±1.07; the elderly group: 1.41±1.33 vs. 3.09±1.14, P<0.001). Meanwhile, SIRT1 mRNA in the aortic dissection group declined with age (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, SIRT1 protein expression decreased significantly in the aortic dissection group (the younger group: 0.64±0.18 vs. 1.18±0.47; the middle age group: 0.43±0.26 vs. 0.69±0.32; the elderly group: 0.31±0.24 vs. 0.45±0.29, P<0.01). The Western blotting results showed that the expression of SIRT1 protein in the aortic dissection group decreased with age (P<0.01). The MCP-1 protein expression of younger and middle age patients in the aortic dissection group was increased compared with that in the control group (the younger group: 0.65±0.27 vs. 0.38±0.22; the middle age group: 1.08±0.30 vs. 0.46±0.36, P<0.001). MCP-1 expression increased with age (P<0.01). The result of immunohistochemical staining for SIRT1 protein was similar to that of Western blotting.ConclusionThe expression of SIRT1 decreases in patients with aortic dissection disease, and declines with age. SIRT1 may play an important role in the treatment and screening of type A aortic dissection.
Objective To explore the risk factors of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque in ischemic stroke patients. Methods One hundred and forty-eight patients with ischemic stoke were allocated into two groups by ultrasonographic testing (80 with plaque and 68 without plaque). The carotid artery acoustic densitometry (IMT), blood pressure, blood glucose , blood lipid, fibriongen (FIB), c-reactive protein (CRP) were tested. First, single variable analysis was conducted and then multivariate non-condition stepwise logistic model analysis was conducted. Results Carotid IMT, age , total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL)-CH, FIB, CRP level and the incidence of hypertension and diabetes were significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients with carotid artery plaques than patients without plaques (P≤0.05); Multiple logistic regression analysis showed the most important risk factors of plaques were CRP (OR=3.546, P=0.035) and FIB (OR=1.074, P=0.012) level. Conclusion The main risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis plaque are almost the same as atherosclerosis, such as age , hypertension ,diabetes, hyperlipidemia , high FIB and CRP level and increase in carotid IMT. CRP and FIB may play a crucial role in the development of carotid artery atherosclerosis plaque.
ObjectiveTo compare mid-to long-term outcomes of selective coronary venous bypass grafting (SCVBG) using internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts and great saphenous vein (GSV) grafts for surgical treatment of diffuse right coronary artery atherosclerosis. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 75 patients undergoing SCVBG in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2003 to December 2012. GSV was used as grafts for SCVBG in 54 patients (GSV group), and IMA was used as grafts for SCVBG in 21 patients (IMA group). All the patients were followed up in November 2013. Their survival condition, recent relapse rate of angina, recent echocardiographic results and coronary CT angiography (CTA) were analyzed. ResultsOverall survival rate of IMA group was slightly higher than that of GSV group (100.0% vs. 83.3%), but survival curves showed no statistical difference in survival rate between the 2 groups (P=0.055). Coronary CTA showed significant blockage in GSV grafts and middle cardiac vein in patients in GSV group (n=39), while IMA grafts and middle cardiac vein in patients in IMA group (n=18) were mostly visible and patent (P < 0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of the 2 groups were significantly higher than preoperative values, but there was no statistical difference between the 2 groups. ConclusionCompared with SCVBG using GSV, SCVBG using IMA can significantly improve mid-to long-term patency of the grafts and middle cardiac vein, and is an efficacious procedure for diffuse right coronary artery atherosclerosis.