ObjectiveTo review the related studies on the application of nanomaterials in the treatment of osteomyelitis, and to provide new ideas for the research and clinical treatment of osteomyelitis.MethodsThe literature about the treatment of osteomyelitis with nanomaterials at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed and analyzed.ResultsAt present, surgical treatment and antibiotic application are the main treatment options for osteomyelitis. But there are many defects such as antibiotic resistance, residual bone defect, and low effective concentration of local drugs. The application of nanomaterials can make up for the above defects. In recent years, nanomaterials play an important role in the treatment of osteomyelitis by filling bone defects, establishing local drug delivery system, and self-antibacterial properties.ConclusionIt will provide a new idea and an important research direction for the treatment of osteomyelitis to fully study the related characteristics of nanomaterials and select beneficial materials to make drug delivery system or substitute drugs.
ObjectiveThe antibacterial properties of porous medical implant materials were reviewed to provide guidance for further improvement of new medical implant materials.MethodsThe literature related to the antibacterial properties of porous medical implant materials in recent years was consulted, and the classification, characteristics and applications, and antibacterial methods of porous medical implant materials were reviewed.ResultsPorous medical implant materials can be classified according to surface pore size, preparation process, degree of degradation in vivo, and material source. It is widely used in the medical field due to its good biocompatibility and biomechanical properties. Nevertheless, the antibacterial properties of porous medical implant materials themselves are not obvious, and their antibacterial properties need to be improved through structural modification, overall modification, and coating modification.ConclusionAt present, coating modification as the mainstream modification method for improving the antibacterial properties of porous medical materials is still a research hotspot. The introduction of new antibacterial substances provides a new perspective for the development of new coated porous medical implant materials, so that the porous medical implant materials have a more reliable antibacterial effect while taking into account biocompatibility.
ObjectiveTo summarize the related research progress of antibacterial modification of orthopaedic implants surface in recent years. Methods The domestic and foreign related literature in recent years was extensively consulted, the research progress on antibacterial modification of orthopaedic implants surface was discussed from two aspects of characteristics of infection in orthopedic implants and surface anti-infection modification. Results The orthopaedic implants infections are mainly related to aspects of bacterial adhesion, decreased host immunity, and surface biofilm formation. At present, the main antimicrobial coating methods of orthopaedic implants are antibacterial adhesion coating, antibiotic coating, inorganic antimicrobial coating, composite antimicrobial coating, nitric oxide coating, immunomodulation, three-dimensional printing, polymer antimicrobial coating, and “smart” coating. Conclusion The above-mentioned antibacterial coating methods of orthopedic implants can not only inhibit bacterial adhesion, but also solve the problems of low immunity and biofilm formation. However, its mechanism of action and modification are still controversial and require further research.
ObjectiveTo review the research status of anti-infective graft materials and analyze their application prospects, in order to provide inspiration for the development of anti-infective vascular endograft. MethodThe research on endovascular anti-infective grafts at home and abroad was reviewed. ResultsThe anti-infective capability of endovascular graft could be achieved through main approaches like modification of the bulk material, surface modification, or a combination of both. In terms of bulk material modification, this paper delved into the creation of antibacterial composite materials by incorporating other materials into primary materials like metals (such as Mg, Zn), biologically derived materials (such as chitosan, silk fibroin, bacterial cellulose), and synthetic polymers (such as graphene and its derivatives, polyurethane, polylactic acid). Examples included Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy, bacterial cellulose/chitosan nanocrystal composites, and chitosan/silk fibroin composites. For surface modifications, inorganic coatings (such as silver, copper, and nitrides) and organic coatings (such as antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, and anti-infection polymers) had shown promising antibacterial effects in experiments. ConclusionsThe future research focus is how to synthesize the composite graft material with the mechanical properties of ordinary graft and the cell, blood compatibility and antibacterial properties through nano technology. At the same time, how to synthesize coatings with stable long-term anti-infection and anti-bacterial biofilm performance is also considered to be an important direction of future research.
The poor mechanical property and vulnerability to bacterial infections are the main problems in clinic for dental restoration resins. Based on this problem, the purpose of this study is to synthesize silver-titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) nanoparticles with good photocatalytic properties, and add them to the composite resin to improve the mechanical properties and photocatalytic antibacterial capability of the resin. The microstructure and chemical composition of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles and composite resins were characterized. The results indicated that Ag existed in both metallic and silver oxide state in the Ag-TiO2, and Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the resins. The results of mechanical experiments suggested that the mechanical properties of the composite resin were significantly improved due to the incorporation of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles. The antibacterial results indicated that the Ag-TiO2 nanoparticle-filled composite resins exhibited excellent antibacterial activities under 660 nm light irradiation for 10 min due to the photocatalysis, and the Ag-TiO2 nanoparticle-filled composite resins could also exhibit excellent antibacterial activities after contact with bacteria for 24 h without light irradiation because of the release of Ag ions. In summary, this study provides a new antibacterial idea for the field of dental composite resins.
摘要:目的: 探讨在阑尾切除术中应用抗菌薇乔缝线以减少阑尾切口感染的可能性。 方法 : 将我院2007年4月至2009年3月所有阑尾切除术病例1425例随机分为抗菌薇乔缝线组和丝线组,比较其切口感染发生率。 结果 : 统计中按阑尾未穿孔、阑尾穿孔以及总计分别计算切口感染率,在抗菌微乔线组感染率分别为017%、072%、028%,丝线组分别为154%、781%、267%,两组间分别予以X2检验,其〖WTBX〗P 值均小于001,具有显著性差异。 结论 : 缝线是辅助产生切口感染的一个危险因素,在阑尾切除术中使用抗菌薇乔缝线可以显著降低切口感染率。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the application of Coated VICRYL Plus Antibacterial suture in order to reduce the possibility of infection of appendectomy incision. Methods : Hospital from April 2007 to March 2009 appendectomy patients in all 1425 cases were randomly divided into Coated VICRYL Plus Antibacterial suture group and silk group,compared to the incidence of incision infection. Results : The statistics are not in accordance with perforated appendicitis, perforated appendicitis, as well as calculation of the total, respectively, incision infection, the infection rate in the Coated VICRYL Plus Antibacterial suture group were 017%, 072%, 028%, silk group were 154%, 781%, 267% between the two groups separately X2 test, the P value of less than 001, with a significant difference. Conclusion : The suture is to assist the incision produced a risk factor for infection in appendectomy,Coated VICRYL Plus Antibacterial suture can be used in a significant reduction in incision infection rates.
ObjectiveTo review antibacterial/osteogenesis dual-functional surface modification strategy of titanium-based implants, so as to provide reference for subsequent research. MethodsThe related research literature on antibacterial/osteogenesis dual-functional surface modification strategy of titanium-based implants in recent years was reviewed, and the research progress was summarized based on different kinds of antibacterial substances and osteogenic active substances. ResultsAt present, the antibacterial/osteogenesis dual-functional surface modification strategy of titanium-based implants includes: ① Combined coating strategy of antibiotics and osteogenic active substances. It is characterized in that antibiotics can be directly released around titanium-based implants, which can improve the bioavailability of drugs and reduce systemic toxicity. ② Combined coating strategy of antimicrobial peptides and osteogenic active substances. The antibacterial peptides have a wide antibacterial spectrum, and bacteria are not easy to produce drug resistance to them. ③ Combined coating strategy of inorganic antibacterial agent and osteogenic active substances. Metal ions or metal nanoparticles antibacterial agents have broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and various antibacterial mechanisms, but their high-dose application usually has cytotoxicity, so they are often combined with substances that osteogenic activity to reduce or eliminate cytotoxicity. In addition, inorganic coatings such as silicon nitride, calcium silicate, and graphene also have good antibacterial and osteogenic properties. ④ Combined coating strategy of metal organic frameworks/osteogenic active substances. The high specific surface area and porosity of metal organic frameworks can effectively package and transport antibacterial substances and bioactive molecules. ⑤ Combined coating strategy of organic substances/osteogenic active substancecs. Quaternary ammonium compounds, polyethylene glycol, N-haloamine, and other organic compounds have good antibacterial properties, and are often combined with hydroxyapatite and other substances that osteogenic activity. ConclusionThe factors that affect the antibacterial and osteogenesis properties of titanium-based implants mainly include the structure and types of antibacterial substances, the structure and types of osteogenesis substances, and the coating process. At present, there is a lack of clinical verification of various strategies for antibacterial/osteogenesis dual-functional surface modification of titanium-based implants. The optimal combination, ratio, dose-effect mechanism, and corresponding coating preparation process of antibacterial substances and bone-active substances are needed to be constantly studied and improved.
Objective To design and construct a graphene oxide (GO)/silver nitrate (Ag3PO4)/chitosan (CS) composite coating for rapidly killing bacteria and preventing postoperative infection in implant surgery. Methods GO/Ag3PO4 composites were prepared by ion exchange method, and CS and GO/Ag3PO4 composites were deposited on medical titanium (Ti) sheets successively. The morphology, physical image, photothermal and photocatalytic ability, antibacterial ability, and adhesion to the matrix of the materials were characterized. Results The GO/Ag3PO4 composites were successfully prepared by ion exchange method and the heterogeneous structure of GO/Ag3PO4 was proved by morphology phase test. The heterogeneous structure formed by Ag3PO4 and GO reduced the band gap from 1.79 eV to 1.39 eV which could be excited by 808 nm near-infrared light. The photothermal and photocatalytic experiments proved that the GO/Ag3PO4/CS coating had excellent photothermal and photodynamic properties. In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that the antibacterial rate of the GO/Ag3PO4/CS composite coating against Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.81% after 20 minutes irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light. At the same time, the composite coating had excellent light stability, which could provide stable and sustained antibacterial effect. ConclusionGO/Ag3PO4/CS coating can be excited by 808 nm near infrared light to produce reactive oxygen species, which has excellent antibacterial activity under light.
Objective Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains high concentrations of platelets and leucocytes, which play a key role in antimicrobial host defense system. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of autologous PRP in vitro and in vivo and to explore the mechanism of action so as to provide the experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of bone infection. Methods PRP was prepared with the method of two centrifugation from 15 health volunteers. Platelet-leukocytegel (PLG) was obtained after activation of PRP with bovine thrombin. Next, PLG was incubated with Staphylococcus aureus (1 × 106 cfu/mL) in vitro compared with PRP, platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and PBS. Samples were taken out after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours for bacterial culture and colony count. Thirty-six New Zealand adult rabbits, weighing (2.85 ± 0.11) kg, were divided into 4 groups: PLG (n=10), antibiotic (n=10), infection (n=10), and PBS (n=6) groups. The osteomyel itis models were made by injecting 0.1 mL Staphylococcus aureus suspension (1 × 106 cfu/mL) into the tibial canal in PLG group, antibiotic group, and infection group; equal volumes of PBS was injected in PBS group as a control. Autologous PLG was injected immediately after operation in PLG group. Cefazol in (30 mg/kg) was injected through the auricular vein from 1 hour before operation to 72 hours after operation in antibiotic group, once per 8 hours. No treatment was given in infection and PBS groups. The efficacy of PLG for osteomyel itis prophylaxis was evaluated by microbiological, X-ray and histological observation within 28 days. Results The contents of leucocyte and platelet of PRP were 6.2 times and 5.5 times of whole blood, showing signficant differences ((P lt; 0.05); the contents of leucocyte and platelet of PPP were significantly lower than those of whole blood and PRP ((P lt; 0.05). In vitro test showed that PLG had the most obvious bacteriostasis effect. The bacterial count reached a minimum value at 4 hours after incubation in PLG and at 6 hours after incubation in PRP. PPP had slow and no obvious bacteriostasis effect and PBS had no bacteriostasis effect. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours of incubation, the bacterial count reduced significantly when compared PLG with PRP and PPP (P lt; 0.05), when compared PRP with PPP (P lt; 0.05). In PLG group and antibiotic group, 1 rabbit died, respectively; 34 rabbits survived to the end of the experiment. There was no significant difference (P gt; 0.05) in temperature, body weight, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and content of leucocyte between 28 days after operation andbefore operation in 4 groups. After 28 days, the X-ray scores were 2.78 ± 1.39, 1.55 ± 1.48, 4.17 ± 1.25, and 0 in PLG, antibiotic,infection, and PBS groups, respectively, which was significantly higher in infection group than in other 3 groups ((P lt; 0.05). Also, the histological scores were 5.89 ± 3.92, 3.00 ± 2.31, 10.33 ± 4.03, and 0, respectively, which was significantly higher in infection group than in other 3 groups (P lt; 0.05), and was significantly lower in antibiotic group than in PLG group ((P lt; 0.05). The results of bacterial culture showed that the infection rates of PLG group (44.4%) and antibiotic group (20.0%) were significantly lower ((P lt; 0.05) than that of infection group (88.9%). The quantitative analysis of bacteria showed that the number of bacteria was signifcantly lower ((P lt; 0.05) in PLG and antibiotic groups than in infection group. Conclusion PRP forms into PLG after activating, it can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus reproduction in vitro and can effectively prevent bone infection in vivo.
Objective To investigate the research progress of drug-loaded antibacterial coating of orthopedic metal implants in recent years. Methods The recent literature on the drug-loaded antibacterial coating of orthopedic metal implants were reviewed. The research status, classification, and development trend of drug-loaded antibacterial coating were summarized. Results The drug-loaded antibacterial coating of orthopedic metal implants can be divided into passive release type and active release type according to the mode of drug release. Passive drug release coating can release the drug continuously regardless of whether the presence of bacteria around the implants. Active drug release coating do not release the drug unless the presence of bacteria around the implants. Conclusion The sustained and stable release of drugs is a key problem to be solved in various antibacterial coatings research. The intelligent antibacterial coating which release antibiotics only in the presence of bacteria is the future direction of development.