ObjectiveTo summarize the latest research progress in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment and efficacy prediction biomarkers for gastric cancer. MethodsRelevant studies on ICIs treatment and efficacy prediction biomarkers for gastric cancer in recent years at home and abroad were collected and summarized. ResultsICIs combined with chemotherapy, ICIs combined with targeted therapy, chemotherapy combined with ICIs and anti-angiogenic drugs, ICIs dual immunotherapy, etc. in the first-line treatment of gastric cancer, as well as ICIs monotherapy, ICIs combined with anti-angiogenic drugs or addition of chemotherapy in the second-line treatment, have become important first- and second-line treatment methods for gastric cancer in clinical practice. Emerging immune checkpoints such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation factor also have good clinical prospects; In recent years, researches on new biomarkers such as Epstein-Barr virus, helicobater pylori, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, liquid biopsy biomarkers have also made some progresses. ConclusionsIn the future, through multi-dimensional or dynamic biomarker detection, gastric cancer immunotherapy can move towards precision and individualization, maximizing the survival benefits of gastric cancer patients.
ObjectiveTo recognize the recent research progress in the prevention of duodenal stump leakage (DSL) after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (LRG) for gastric cancer, so as to find a new breakthrough for reducing the occurrence of DSL. MethodA review was conducted by searching recent domestic and international literature on the prevention and management of DSL after LRG for gastric cancer. ResultsAt present, the risk factors of DSL after LRG were generally recognized in the literature, including relevant patients’ factors and surgery factors. The relevant factors of the patients themselves mainly were old age, malnutrition, and basic diseases; The factors relevant surgery mainly included surgical instruments, doctors’ operation level, etc. According to the literature, the measures taken for relevant patients’ factors mainly included preoperative improvement of nutritional status and control of the basic diseases; The preventive measures adopted for the relevant operation factors mainly included carefully intraoperative operation, improving of the anastomosis skills, and tacit cooperation of the team, which could reduce the occurrence of DSL. There was still controversy about the effect and method of routine duodenal stump reinforcement during operation. ConclusionsThe focus of reducing the occurrence of DSL is prevention. In clinical practice, patients with high-risk factors should receive special attention, with efforts to improve their condition, implement individualized decision-making, and perform meticulous intraoperative techniques to minimize complications, promote rapidly postoperative recovery, and maximize patients benefits.