ObjectiveTo explore the relation between the molecular subtypes and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with docetaxel together with epirubicin(TE) in breast cancer. MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 239 patients with breast cancer who at least received 3 cycles of TE-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy from May 2011 to December 2012 in this hospital were included. Molecular subtypes were categorized into luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) positive, and triple negative by the immunohistochemical results of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), HER-2, and Ki-67 status. The relevant indicators of the different molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients, such as pathological complete response(pCR) rate, age, and menstruation, etc. were analyzed. ResultsThere were 67(28.03%) patients with luminal A, 84(35.15%) luminal B, 21(8.79%) HER-2, and 67(28.03%) triple negative in these 239 patients with breast cancer. The differences of age, menstruation, axillary lymph node status etc. among the four molecular subtypes were not statistically significant(P > 0.05). The pCR rate of triple negative breast cancer(14.93%) was the highest among four subtypes, followed by luminal B(7.14%), HER-2 positive(4.76%) and luminal A(1.49%), there was a significant difference(P=0.027). ConclusionsComparing with luminal A, luminal B, and HER-2 positive breast cancers, triple negative breast cancer is the most sensitive to TE neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and it has the highest pCR rate. Therefore, different treatment should be selected according to molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Fetal heart sound is nonlinear and non-stationary, which contains a lot of noise when it is colleced, so the denoising method is important. We proposed a new denoising method in our study. Firstly, we chose the preprocessing of low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 200 Hz and the re-sampling. Secondly, we decomposed the signal based on empirical mode decomposition method (EMD) of Hilbert-Huang transform, then denoised some selected target components with wavelet soft threshold adaptive noise cancellation algorithm. Finally we got the clean fetal heart sound by combining the target components. In the EMD, we used a mask signal to eliminate the mode mixing problem, used mirroring extension method to eliminate the end effect, and referenced the stopping rule from the research of Rilling. This method eliminated the baseline drift and noise at once. To compare with wavelet transform(WT), mathematical morphology (MM) and the Fourier transform (FT), the SNR was improved obviously, and the RMSE was the minimum, which could satisfy the need of the practical application.
As an important component of the event related potential (ERP), late positive potential (LPP) is an ideal component for studying emotion regulation. This study was focused on processing and analysing the LPP component of the emotional cognitive reappraisal electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Firstly, we used independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm to remove electrooculogram, electromyogram and some other artifacts based on 16 subjects' EEG data by using EGI 64-channal EEG acquisition system. Secondly, we processed feature extraction of the EEG signal at Pz electrode by using one versus the rest common spatial patterns (OVR-CSP) algorithm. Finally, the extracted LPP component was analysed both in time domain and spatial domain. The results indicated that ① From the perspective of amplitude comparison, the LPP amplitude, which was induced by cognitive reappraisal, was much higher than the amplitude under the condition of watching neural stimuli, but lower than the amplitude under condition of watching negative stimuli; ② from the perspective of time process, the difference between cognitive reappraisal and watching after processing with OVR-CSP algorithm was in the process of range between 0.3 s and 1.5 s; but the difference between cognitive reappraisal and watching after processing with averaging method was during the process between 0.3 s and 1.25 s. The results suggested that OVR-CSP algorithm could not only accurately extract the LPP component with fewer trials compared with averaging method so that it provided a better method for the follow-up study of cognitive reappraisal strategy, but also provide neurophysiological basis for cognitive reappraisal in emotional regulation.
ObjectiveTo systemically evaluate the advantage of simplified single-patch technique used in complete atrioventricular septal defects. MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Annual Reviews, CNKI, Wanfang Data Libraries and Read Show Academic Search, and the retrieval date was March 2016. The literatures were screened and assessed according to inclusion criteria, and analyzed by meta-analysis STATA 11.0 software. The results were represented in standard mean difference (SMD), risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). ResultsCompared with the two-patch technique group, in the simplified single-patch technique group cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic clamping time, the length of hospital stay and the ICU stay as well as the mortality rate were satistically less (SMD=-0.93, 95% CI -1.24, -0.61, P=0.000; SMD=-1.02, 95% CI -1.39, -0.66, P=0.000; SMD=-0.10, 95% CI -0.43, -0.23, P=0.035; SMD=-0.12, 95% CI -0.29, -0.05, P=0.555; RR=0.93, 95% CI 0.66, 1.30, P=0.031, respectively). While there was no statistical difference in the reoperation rate (RR=0.87, 95% CI 0.65, 1.17, P=0.398). ConclusionSimplified single-patch technique has dominant superiority in operation time, ICU stay, mortality rate, and correlative complications induced by extracorporeal circulation. However, difference in reoperation rate is not significant.
This paper reports the study and design of a visualization system of the ultrasonic rhinitis therapeutic apparatus with the function of endoscopic sinus. On Linux operating platform, we captured the video data of a video capture card that connected the endoscopic sinus using Video4Linux (V4L2) that was provided by the operating system. The video images were displayed by Qt. The visualization system solved the problem that the current ultrasonic rhinitis therapeutic apparatus had to rely on the large and expensive endoscopy equipment. And this simplified the doctors' operation, met the need of monitoring nasal cavity in the process of operating, greatly reduced the costs of treatment and would contribute to the promotion of the instrument. As a result, it has been tested that the nasal endoscopic image achieved by the system is clear and smooth, and fully meet the clinical needs of ultrasonic treatment of rhinitis.
We proposed a research of a heart sound envelope extraction system in this paper. The system was implemented on LabVIEW based on the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). We firstly used the sound card to collect the heart sound, and then implemented the complete system program of signal acquisition, pretreatment and envelope extraction on LabVIEW based on the theory of HHT. Finally, we used a case to prove that the system could collect heart sound, preprocess and extract the envelope easily. The system was better to retain and show the characteristics of heart sound envelope, and its program and methods were important to other researches, such as those on the vibration and voice, etc.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the influencing factors and explore a better method of making rat model of type 2 diabetes by high fat and sugar diet and streptozotocin(STZ) injection. MethodsSixty SPF grade of 6 weeks male SD rats were fed with high fat and glucose diet by 4 weeks and then randomly divided into 3 groups, the control group rats(n=20) were injected citric acid by 50 mg/kg and fed with normal diet, and the diabetes mellitus group rats were further divided into 2 subgroups by the different doses of STZ:the rats of diabetes mellitus model group 1(n=20) were injected by 50 mg/kg, while the rats of diabetes mellitus model group 2(n=20) were injected by 35 mg/kg. The diabetes mellitus model group rats were fed with high fat and glucose diet continually. The fasting blood glucose(FBG) were measured on day 3, 7, 10, and 14, respectively. The success model rate(blood glucose > 16.7 mmol/L after 14 days) and the mortality rate were calculated. Meanwhile fasting serum insulin level(FSI), total serum cholesterol(TC), and triglyceride(TG) were measured. ResultsCompared with the control group, the levels of FBG, FSI, TC, and TG were increased significantly in the diabetes mellitus model group 1 and 2(P < 0.05). And insulin sensitivity was worsen markedly(P < 0.05). But the diabetes mellitus model group 2 had higher success rate of making model(85% vs. 75%) and lower mortality(0 vs. 25%), P < 0.05. ConclusionRat model of type 2 diabetes induced by 4 weeks of high fat and sugar feeding and 35 mg/kg STZ injection has high morbidity, strongly security, and stable features.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of human placental decidua basalis derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDB-MSCs) in repairing full-thickness skin defect of nude mice. MethodsHuman placenta samples were obtained from healthy donor mothers with written informed consent. PDB-MSCs were isolated through enzymic digestion and density gradient centrifugation; the 4th passage cells were identified by cellular morphology, cell adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, and phenotype evaluation. Forty-two 4-5-week-old BALB/c female nude mice were randomly divided into experimental group (n=21) and control group (n=21). The 4th passage PDB-MSCs solution (200 μL, 5×106/mL) was injected into the mice of experimental group via caudal vein; the mice of control group were given equal volume of PBS. The full-thickness skin defect model of 1.5 cm×1.5 cm in size was made after 3 days. The wound healing was observed generally at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 18, 21, 25, and 30 days after operation, and the wound healing rate was calculated after wound decrustation. HE staining was used to observe the wound repair at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 31 days; immunofluorescent staining was used for cellular localization at 7, 14, and 31 days after operation. ResultsCells isolated from human placenta were MSCs which had multipotential differentiation ability and expressed MSCs phenotype. Animals survived to the end of the experiment. The general observation showed that the experimental group had a faster skin repairing speed than the control group; the time for decrustation was 12-14 days in experimental group and was 14-17 days after operation in the control group. The wound healing rate of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group at 14, 18, and 21 days (t=4.001, P=0.016; t=3.380, P=0.028; t=3.888, P=0.018), but no significance was found at 25 and 30 days (t=1.565, P=0.193; t=1.000, P=0.423). HE staining showed lower inflammatory reaction, and better regeneration of the whole skin and glands with time in the experimental group. The immunofluorescent staining was positive in skin defect area of experimental group at different time points which displayed that human PDB-MSCs existed. ConclusionThrough enzymic digestion and density gradient centrifugation, PDB-MSCs can be obtained. Pre-stored PDB-MSCs can mobilize to the defect area and participate in repair of nude mice skin.
ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) induced by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) on the neurological functional recovery of injured spinal cord in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. MethodsSixty adult SD female rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=12): sham operation group (group A), SCI model group (group B), NSCs+GDNF treatment group (group C), NSCs+ChABC treatment group (group D), and NSCs+GDNF+ChABC treatment group (group E). T10 segmental transversal injury model of the spinal cord was established except group A. NSCs induced by ATRA and marked with BrdU were injected into the site of injury at 8 days after operation in groups C-E. Groups C-E were treated with GDNF, ChABC, and GDNF+ChABC respectively at 8-14 days after operation;and group A and B were treated with the same amount of saline solution. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) test were used to study the functional improvement at 1 day before remodeling, 7 days after remodeling, and at 1, 2, 5, and 8 weeks after transplantation. Immunofluorescence staining and HE staining were performed to observe the cells survival and differentiation in the spinal cord. ResultsFive mouse died but another rats were added. At each time point after modeling, BBB score of groups B, C, D, and E was significantly lower than that of group A, and SEP latent period was significantly longer than that of group A (P<0.05), but no difference was found among groups B, C, D, and E at 7 days after remodeling and 1 week after transplantation (P>0.05). BBB score of groups C, D, and E was significantly higher than that of group B, and SEP latent period was significantly shorter than that of group B at 2, 5, and 8 weeks after transplantation (P<0.05);group E had higher BBB score and shorter SEP latent period than groups C and D at 5 and 8 weeks, showing significant difference (P<0.05). HE staining showed that there was a clear boundary between gray and white matter of spinal cord and regular arrangement of cells in group A;there were incomplete vascular morphology, irregular arrangement of cells, scar, and cysts in group B;there were obvious cell hyperplasia and smaller cysts in groups C, D, and E. BrdU positive cells were not observed in groups A and B, but could be found in groups C, D and E. Group E had more positive cells than groups C and D, and difference was significant (P<0.05). The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells of groups C, D, and E was significantly less than that of groups A and B, and it was significantly less in group E than groups C and D (P<0.05). The number of microtubule-associated protein 2 positive cells of groups C, D, and E was significantly more than that of groups A and B, and it was significantly more in group E than groups C and D (P<0.05). ConclusionThe NSCs transplantation combined with GDNF and ChABC could significantly promote the functional recovery of spinal cord injury, suggesting that GDNF and ChABC have a synergistic effect in the treatment of spinal cord injury.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of pedicle screw internal fixation for the atlantoaxial instability of children. MethodsBetween July 2005 and January 2012, 19 cases of atlantoaxial instability were treated, included 10 boys and 9 girls with an average age of 7.5 years (range, 4-15 years). The X-ray films, CT, and MRI examinations of the cervical spine showed craniocervical malformation in 9 cases, congenital os odontoideum in 3 cases, odontoid fracture (type Ⅱ) in 1 case, disruption of transverse ligament in 2 cases, atlantoaxial fracture and dislocation in 4 cases; and spinal cord injury in 8 cases, according to the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale, 1 case was rated as grade B, 2 as grade C, and 5 as grade D. Preoperative skull traction was performed routinely on all cases, and complete reduction was achieved in 17 cases, no reduction in 2 cases. In 17 patients who achieved complete reduction, pedicle screw internal fixation was used through posterior approach, including occipitocervical fusion and fixation in 5 cases, and atlantoaxial fusion and fixation in 12 cases; in 2 patients with no reduction, pedicle screw internal fixation was used through posterior approach (atlantoaxial fusion and fixation) after release by transoral approach. ResultsThe operation was successfully performed in all patients. The mean operation time was 89 minutes; the mean intraoperative blood loss was 95 mL; the mean postoperative drainage volume was 73 mL; and the mean hospitalization days were 14 days. The patients were followed up 6-27 months (mean, 18.3 months). Satisfactory atlantoaxial fusion was obtained, and bone fusion was obtained at 3-7 months after operation (mean, 4.5 months). No breakage of screw or rods and re-dislocation occurred during follow-up. At last follow-up, the cervical range of motion (CROM) of the left and right rotation were (62.0±5.9)°and (63.9±3.8)°respectively in 5 patients receiving occipitocervical fusion and fixation, showing significant difference when compared with the values of normal children[(72.3±7.0)°and (74.1±7.6)°, respectively] at the same age (t=-3.915, P=0.018; t=-5.954, P=0.004). The CROM of the left and right rotation were (70.5±5.8)°and (72.7±4.9)°respectively in 14 patients receiving atlantoaxial fusion and fixation, showing no significant difference when compared with normal children at the same age (t=-1.417, P=0.180; t=-1.021, P=0.323). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly decreased from 7.8±1.1 at pre-operation to 3.5±0.8 at last follow-up (t=17.267, P=0.000). In 8 cases having spinal cord injury, 2 cases were rated as grade C, 1 case as grade D, and 5 cases as grade E according to ASIA impairment scale. ConclusionTechnique of pedicle screw internal fixation has been proven to be an effective treatment for the atlantoaxial instability of children. It plays an important part in relieving pain and limitation of the cervical region.