Objective By summarizing the latest research progress of circRNA translation mechanism and reviewing the research progress of circRNA translation in various digestive system tumors, this paper is aiming to forecast the clinical application prospect of circular RNA translation and provide ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive system neoplasms. Method The literatures on the translation of circRNA and its role in digestive system neoplasms were searched and reviewed. Results As a member of the non-coding RNA family, circRNAs are generally considered to be difficult to encode proteins as translation templates. With the rapid development of bioinformatics, next-generation sequencing, proteomics and translation omics, it has been found that many kinds of circRNAs can encode proteins or peptides in a cap-independent manner and play a critical role in the development of digestive system neoplasms, including gastric cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer. Conclusions The translation function of circRNA plays an important role in the development and progression of digestive system tumors, and its translation products may become new diagnostic or therapeutic targets for digestive system tumors, with great clinical transformation potential.
ObjectiveTo summarize the research progress of patient-derived organoid (PDO) and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models in preclinical drug screening for gastric cancer, aiming to provide a new perspective for precise drug screening and promote the application of personalized medicine and precision medicine for gastric cancer. MethodA literature review was conducted on the use of PDO and PDX models in the basic research and preclinical drug screening for gastric cancer. ResultsThe PDO and PDX models of gastric cancer exhibited a higher tumor biological simulation capability and a relatively accurate preclinical drug response prediction. However, they each have some certain limitations. The advent of organoid models based on xenografting, which combines the advantages of both, is expected to compensate for their respective shortcomings. These models can better reflect the heterogeneity of patients’ tumors and have unique advantages in the evaluation of new targeted drugs for specific molecular targets in gastric cancer, such as epidermal growth factor receptor. They show a certain correlation with the actual clinical response of patients, paving a new way for the development of new drugs, the study of drug action and resistance mechanisms, and personalized therapy. ConclusionPDO and PDX models, as a highly promising research platform, show a great potential in the screening of anti-tumor drugs and the development of personalized medical strategies.
ObjectiveTo understand the research progress of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1 (TREM-1) in abdominal cavity infection and sepsis. MethodsThe relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years regarding the research on the role of TREM-1 in abdominal cavity infection and sepsis were retrieved and reviewed. ResultsRecent studies have focused on the key role of TREM-1 in abdominal infection and sepsis. TREM-1 is a pattern recognition receptor, which rapidly upregulated under inflammatory stimulation, forming a positive feedback loop that significantly amplifies the immune response. Its activation can trigger the cascaded release of a large number of proinflammatory factors and chemokines, exacerbating the inflammatory storm; at the same time, excessive activation of the pathway is regarded as the core driving mechanism for the progression of sepsis and even septic shock. ConclusionsThe TREM-1-mediated amplification effect of inflammatory cascades has been identified as a key link in immune imbalance in infectious diseases such as sepsis and abdominal infections. Further clarification of the expression dynamics of TREM-1 under different infectious conditions and the regulatory mechanisms of its signaling pathways is expected to provide new biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of infectious diseases, as well as theoretical basis for targeted intervention strategies and new drug development, thereby promoting the establishment and optimization of precise diagnosis and treatment regimens.