Objective To explore the change of gene expression of stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) and its upstream signalregulated molecule ——mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPKs) (MKK4 and MKK7) in hypertrophic scar and autocontrol normal skin. Methods The total RNA was isolated from 8 hypertrophic scars and 8 auto-control skin, and then mRNA was purified. The gene expressions of MKK4, MKK7 and SAPK were examined with reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method. Results In hypertrophic scar, both MKK7 and SAPK genes weakly expressed. In auto-control skin, the expression of these 2 genes was significantly elevated in comparison with hypertrophic scar (Plt;0.01). The expression levelsof these 2 genes were 1.5 times and 2.6 times as long as those of hypertrophic scar, respectively. Gene expression of MKK4 had no significant difference between autocontrol skin and hypertrophic scar (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion Decreased gene expression of MKK7 and SAPK which results in reducing cell apoptosis might be one of the mechanisms for controlling the formation of hypertrophic scar.
ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) activation on cellular oxidative stress induced by high glucose in bovine retinal capillary endothelial cells(BRECs). Methods The BRECs were treated by different culture medium with various glucose concentrations (5 mmol/L glucose, 30 mmol/L glucose, 30 mmol/L glucose+10 μmol/L KU55933) as normal glucose group, high glucose group and treatment group respectively.After the cells incubated for 48 hours, the protein expression of ATM, P-ATM, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase P38(P38), P-P38, Extracellular signal-regulated kinases(ERKs), P-ERKs was detected by Western blot; cellular ROS level was detected by Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Kit; propidium iodide/Hoechst staining was used for analysis of apoptosis; the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the supernatant was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA); the paracellular permeability between endothelium cells was detected by FITC-dextran. ResultsCompared with the protein level of P-ATM, P-P38 and P-ERKs in high glucose group increased. Especially, P-P38, P-ERKs expressed much more than in high glucose group. The secretion of VEGF in high glucose group was higher than that in the normal glucose group but less than that in treatment group. The same tendency existed in ROS assay, apoptosis assay and paracellular permeability measuring. ConclusionsHigh glucose induced altered activation of ATM which might play a protective role in cellular oxidative stress. Deficiency of ATM might lead to ROS explosion, cell apoptosis and dysfunction of endothelial barrier. The mechanism might be associated with P38, ERKs and VEGF.
【摘要】 目的 观察长期大量酒精摄入对大鼠心肌结构及心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和金属硫蛋白(MT)含量的影响,探讨氧化应激在酒精性心肌病大鼠中的作用。 方法 雄性健康SD大鼠45只,随机分为2组,即对照组20只和模型组25只。模型组酒精浓度从5%、10%、20%和30%依次各自由饮1周,然后递增至36%后以该浓度维持饲喂。对照组每日饮用与模型组酒精同等热量的葡萄糖水。6个月后,观察大鼠心肌组织的形态学改变及超微结构的变化,测定心肌组织中MDA、SOD及MT的含量。结果 模型组大鼠心肌细胞排列紊乱、间质充血、炎细胞浸润、线粒体肿胀、空泡形成、肌丝溶解、核膜不规则和核仁裂解。心肌组织中MDA含量明显升高(Plt;0.01),SOD活力含量明显降低(Plt;0.01),MT含量明显降低(Plt;0.01)。 结论 长期摄入大量酒精可使氧自由基代谢失衡,导致心肌损伤。氧化应激在酒精性心肌病发病机制中发挥着重要的作用。【Abstract】 Objective To observe the effect of longterm and large quantities of alcohol intake on myocardial structure of rats and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein (MT) in myocardium tissue. To study the effect of oxidative stress on the rats with alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Methods Fortyfive male and healthy SD rats were randomly divided into the control group (20 rats) and model group (25 rats).The alcoholic concentrate in model group was increased from 5%,10%,20% to 30% every week, and maintain free drinking mass concentration of 36% alcohol. The control group drink the same calories of glucose water. Six months later, the myocardial tissues were observed both in light microscope and electron microscope .The level of MDA、SOD and MT were tested in myocardium tissue. Results In the model rats, the cells of myocardial disarray, interstitial congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, mitochondrial swelling, vacuole formation, melt filaments, irregular nuclear membrane and nucleolus cracking. The content of MDA incresed(Plt;0.01)and the activities of SOD decreased(Plt;001),levels of MT decreased (Plt;0.01) in the cardiac muscular tissues in the model group compared with the control group. Conclusion Longterm intake of large amounts of alcohol can break the balance of oxygen free radicals, which leading to the damage of myocardial. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
Previous studies have shown that growth arrest, dedifferentiation, and loss of original function occur in cells after multiple generations of culture, which are attributed to the lack of stress stimulation. To investigate the effects of multi-modal biomimetic stress (MMBS) on the biological function of human bladder smooth muscle cells (HBSMCs), a MMBS culture system was established to simulate the stress environment suffered by the bladder, and HBSMCs were loaded with different biomimetic stress for 24 h. Then, cell growth, proliferation and functional differentiation were detected. The results showed that MMBS promoted the growth and proliferation of HBSMCs, and 80 cm H2O pressure with 4% stretch stress were the most effective in promoting the growth and proliferation of HBSMCs and the expression level of α-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle protein 22-α. These results suggest that the MMBS culture system will be beneficial in regulating the growth and functional differentiation of HBSMCs in the construction of tissue engineered bladder.
Objectives The Faculty of Medicine of National Yang-Ming University is committed to helping students enhance intellectual, personal, and professional development while fully supporting students during this time of intense training and personal growth. The student portfolio system has sprung from the Faculty’s devotion to innovative medical education initiatives and is one attempt to fulfill our obligations to our past and future, to our society and to the rest of the world. The basic approach toward helping students enhance their cognitive, personal and professional development while coping with internal or external environmental stressors would be to identify and provide supportive elements within medical education. In order to achieve the goal, we explore possible factors, both micro and macro elements of the students’ environment, which may contribute to their stress, mental disturbances and status attainment. Methods We established a multi-dimensional and multi-functional “student portfolio” framework that integrated dynamic, timely, and continuous exploration as well as modification of students’ learning processes, mental status and environmental impact. The first step in this project was to locate and validate students’ “red flag”: factors that contributed to their stress, mental disturbances and status attainment. Self reports by the students were used for the “risk factor” analyses. Results Status achievement by students was associated with their parents’ educational attainment, in particularly the educational attainment of their mothers. This was associated with the student’s stress, mental disturbance, attitude toward life and status achievement. The educational attainment of the parents of our students increased yearly, suggesting that the social economic status and marital matching situation of individuals were associated with social environment and time. Conclusions The associations of cognitive processes, family condition, societal values, mental status and learning behaviors are intertwined dynamically with time and environment. However, longitudinal and multi-dimensional research in this area is very limited. It is important for contemporary medical education to develop a framework for the theory and practice of the development of medical students that leads to their attainment of professional, sociological, and psychological competencies. This study suggests that particular social economic status factors may increase the risk that medical students will experience stress, mental disturbances, and status attainment.
ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the stress response of laparoscopic surgery (LS) and conventional open surgery (OS) in patients with colorectal cancer. MethodsThe literatures about the immune stress response of LS and OS for colorectal cancer were collected from PubMed, Springer, OVID, Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP Database, and Wanfang Database from May 2001 to September 2014. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. ResultsFifteen randomized controlled trials including 881 patients were brought into this Meta analysis, of 881 patients, 424 patients were treated with LS and 457 patients were treated with OS. The results of Meta-analysis showed that:①At 24, 72, and 120 hours after surgery, the levels of interleukin (IL-6) in LS group were all lower than those of OS group at same time point[24 h (WMD=-27.78, 95% CI:-43.24--12.32, P < 0.01), 72 h (WMD=-13.23, 95% CI:-19.89--6.57, P < 0.01), 120 h (WMD=-16.51, 95% CI:-30.13--2.89, P=0.02)]. ②At 24, 72, and 120 hours after surgery, the levels of C reactive protein (CRP) in LS group were all lower than those of OS group at same time point[24 h (WMD=-31.11, 95% CI:-47.49--14.73, P < 0.01), 72 h (WMD=-29.81, 95% CI:-49.99--9.64, P < 0.01), 120 h (WMD=-32.03, 95% CI:-45.34--18.71, P < 0.01)]. ③There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in WBC level at 24 hours after surgery (WMD=-0.63, 95% CI:-1.80-0.54, P=0.29), but the WBC levels of LS group at 72 hours and 120 hours after surgery were lower than those of OS group[72 h (WMD=-0.21, 95% CI:-0.41--0.01, P=0.04), 120 h (WMD=-0.86, 95% CI:-1.66--0.06, P=0.03). ④There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in cortisol level at 24 hours and 72 hours after surgery[24 h (WMD=-60.19, 95% CI:-194.77-74.39, P=0.38), 72 h (WMD=-13.83, 95% CI:-43.94-16.28, P=0.37). ⑤There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in blood glucose level at 24 hours and 72 hours after surgery[24 h (WMD=-0.95, 95% CI:-2.74-0.84, P=0.30), 72 h (WMD=-0.69, 95% CI:-2.05-0.66, P=0.32)]. ⑥There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in insulin level (WMD=-0.52, 95% CI:-1.87-0.82, P=0.45) at 24 hours after surgery. ⑦There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) level at 24 hours after surgery (WMD=-4.18, 95% CI:-9.39-1.04, P=0.12). ConclusionCompared with open radical surgery, laparoscopic radical surgery for colorectal cancer causes less stress and less effect on the immune function, it also can reduce postoperative complications and can be propitious to faster body recovery.
Objective To explore the influence of different stress environmentson the growth of tissue engineering blood vessels in vivo． Methods The engineering vascular scaffolds were prepared with the porcine small intestinal submucosa(SIS) wrapping vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells，which were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue(subcutaneous group), the femoral quadriceps(intramuscular group), and sheathed the femoral artery(perivascular group) respectively. Four weeks postoperatively, these cultured tissues were harvested, and evaluated by macroscopic observation and histology detection. Results The cultivated tissues in different stress environments had obvious difference in respectof the tubular configuration, cellular proliferation and tissue shape. In subcutaneous group, the wall structure integrity, seed cell proliferation and SIS scaffold decomposition were poor, lumen surface was covered without endothelial cells; in intramuscular group, integrity tubular structure had formed, seed cell proliferation was found to a certain extent, lumen surface was covered with sparseendothelial cells, and a little SIS scaffold was found, cellular and fiber structured arranged irregularly; in perivascular group, vascular-like structure formed, the seed cell growth and proliferation were good, the lumen surface was completely covered with endothelial cells, the smooth muscle cells were in good morphologicaldistribution, the antihydrostatic pressure was 247.0±35 kPa，showingsignificant differences when compared with subcutaneous group(67.0±5.8 kPa) and intramuscular group(104.0±7.6 kPa) (Plt;0.01).The total scoring of tissue engineering blood vessel formation in subcutaneous group, intramuscular group and perivascular group were 5.529±0.272，8.875±0.248 and 14.824±0.253 respectively, and the differences among them were significant (P lt; 0.05). Conclusion Stress excitation has a great influence on the cellular proliferation and the growth of tissue engineering blood vessel in vivo.
Objective To set up the experimemtal model with superior segmentalbone defect in acetabulum and implant the three-fin acetabular component, and examine the Von Mises stresses of pelvis bone with simulating single leg position in vitro using rosette strain gages method(RSGD). Methods Four kinds of three-fin components were made based on measurement of diameter, depth and roof thickness of acetabular specimens. These kinds of threefin acetabular components based on spreaded degrees of lateral fins(0,36,45 and 60°). The superiorsegmental bone defect of acetabulum in 4 cadaver pelvis specimens was made,then simulated the actual position to place implant into acetabular bone.A blank control group was set up.After being fit up the 7 sets of rosette strain gages,then specimen to test the pelvic Von Mises stresses simulating the static load of single leg on the mechanic machine.Progressive load was graded into 150, 300,450, 600, 750 and 900 N.We obtained the strains informations about loaded andun-loaded pelvis bone. Results Based on computed the strains informations,we were informed the Von Mises stresses about pelvis bone.The maximal Von Mises stresses of selected local position was 6.93 MPa and the minimal Von Mises stresses of selected local position was 1.08 MPa. Conclusion Providing the data about the mainpart of threefin acetabular component to optimize spreaded degrees of lateral fins.
Objective To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitor （PPI） and H2RA for stress ulcer bleeding in stroke patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials （RCT） were identified from MEDLINE （ 1966- Oct. 2005 ） ,EMBASE （ 1984- Oct. 2005 ）, The Cochrane Library （ Issue 4,2005 ）, CBMdisc （ 1980- Oct. 2005 ） and VIP（ 1980- Oct. 2005 ）. We handsearched the related published and unpublished data and their references. The quality of included trials was evaluated. Data were extracted by two reviewers independently with a designed extraction form. RevMan 4. 2.7 software was used for data analysis. Results Twenty RCT were included with 2 624 patients. The results of meta-analysis were listed as follows： （1） stress ulcer bleeding （SUB） ： PPI （ OR 0.14,95% CI 0.08 to 0.24, NNT = 3 ） and H2RA （OR 0.24,95% CI 0.15 to 0.39, NNT =5） significantly reduced the incidence of SUB in comparison with control group. PPI significantly reduced the incidence of SUB compared with H2R.A（P 〈0. 00001 ）. （2） Mortality： PPI （OR 0.22,95% CI 0. 11 to 0.47, NNT =8） and H2RA （OR 0.53,95% CI 0. 34 to 0.81, NNT =16） significantly decreased the mortality compared with non-prophylaxis group. PPI significantly decreased the mortality compared with H2RA （OR 0.28,95% CI 0.09 to 0. 89）. （3） Adverse effect： There were not evident adverse effects in both PPI and H2RA groups. Conclusions PPI and H2RA may reduce the incidence and mortality of SUB in stroke patients, and PPls are better in reducing incidence of SUB than H2RA.
【Abstract】 Objective To review the progress and cl inical appl ication of cellular therapy for stress urinaryincontinence (SUI). Methods The l iterature about cellular therapy of SUI was extensively reviewed. Results Becauseof having no or poor regeneration capacity, the cl inical application of chondrocytes and myoblasts were l imited. Based on the rapid progress in stem cell biology, an increasing number of animal experiments and cl inical trials about cellular therapy of SUI have been reported with encouraging results. All these show that cellular therapy has great potential in cl inical application. Stem cells are considered as ideal seeded-cells for treatment of SUI. Conclusion Cellular therapy, especially stem cells, provides a novel approach for treatment of SUI, but the mechanism needs further study.