Objective To review the application advancements of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in medical research.Methods Relevant literatures about the applications of ABC families in medical research were reviewed. Results ABC families mainly took roles in transporting substances across cell membrane. Some of them were useful for the prediction of drug resistance and the prognosis of malignant tumors. Others were target s for molecular researches. Their expressions or mutations might be related with the occurrence of diseases. Conclusion ABC families are very important in the diagnosis and therapy for diseases. Thus they are very promising tools for future medical research.
ObjectiveTo review the recent research progress of skeletal myoblasts for cardiac repair. MethodsThe related literature about skeletal myoblasts for cardiac repair was reviewed, analyzed, and summarized. ResultsThe results of animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that skeletal myoblasts been transplanted into the regional myocardial infarction area in different ways can improve cardiac function. But there are some challenges such as high loss rate of skeletal myoblasts and resulting in ventricular arrhythmias. ConclusionFurther studies can improve the safety and effectiveness of skeletal myoblasts for cardiac repair in the future.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an age-related neurodegenerative eye disease characterized by degeneration and progressive death of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor cells. In recent years, as a new treatment for AMD, stem cell therapy has attracted wide attention in the field of AMD, and has become a current research hotspot. Although stem cell therapy carries risks such as increased incidence of cancer and immune rejection, it significantly promotes damaged photoreceptor cells and retinal cells by differentiating into RPE cells and other retinal cell types, as well as secreting neurotrophic factors and extracellular vesicles. In particular, the development of embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells, its cryopreservation technology and the advancement of plasmid, adeno-associated virus, Sendai virus and other delivery technologies have laid a solid foundation for stem cell therapy of AMD. As a new method to prevent retinal damage and photoreceptor degeneration, stem cell neuroprotective therapy has shown great potential, and with the continuous maturity and improvement of these technologies, stem cell therapy is expected to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of AMD in the future.
Ocular fundus diseases is a kind of ophthalmic diseases that occur in the vitreous, retina, choroid and optic nerve, including a series of pathophysiological changes such as inflammation, exudation and proliferation. Because of high morbidity and high blindness rate, ocular fundus diseases has been paid more and more attention from medical community. With the continuous deepening of research on its etiology, anatomy and pathological mechanism in recent years, clinicians have obtained more abundant treatment methods than in the past, and the medical treatment of ocular fundus diseases have made many phased progress. However, due to its wide spectrum of diseases and complex pathological mechanism, clinicians still need to further explore more effective treatment methods, and improve the effect of diagnosis and treatment to ocular fundus diseases.
ObjectiveTo review the recent advances in the pancreatic cancer stem cells field and identify the research trend in future. MethodsCurrent literatures on pancreatic cancer stem cells were collected and reviewed. ResultsPancreatic cancer was a highly lethal disease and was usually diagnosed at a late stage, for which there were few effective therapies. Emerging evidence had suggested that pancreatic cancer cells proposed a heterogeneous organization. A subpopulation of stem celllike cells sustains tumor growth, propagation, metastasis, and resistance to standard chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells were identified based on their expression of different sets of cell surface markers and functional characteristics. Some important signaling pathways which maintain self-renewal and metastasis were upregulated in pancreatic cancer stem cells. ConclusionsCurrent findings clearly suggest that specific elimination of cancer stem cells is possible and therapeutically relevant. An improved understanding of the biological behavior of such cells may lead to the development of novel diagnosis and treatment regimens for pancreatic cancer.
This paper describes the latest definition, connotation, content and working mode of orthopedic rehabilitation. It points out that the main contents of orthopedic rehabilitation should include the rehabilitation of patients with orthopedic diseases after surgery and non-surgical treatment. The research progress of stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells, in the treatment of osteoarthritis and lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration are reviewed. The latest progress of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of injury of articular cartilage, ligament and tendon injuries are also reviewed.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the most efficient method for transfection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMCSs) in vivo. MethodsHUCMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord and cultured, which were labelled by PKH26 and lentivirus-GFP, then were observed by using a fluorescence microscope. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into PKH26 transfection group and lentivirus-GFP transfection group. The right hepatic lobe of rat was resected, then the transfected stem cells were injected into portal vein. The rats were sacrificed on day 3, 8, and 13 after transfection. The liver specimens were observed by using a fluorescence microscope. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the percentage of transfected stem cells and the apoptotic stem cells. ResultsThe third generation of HUCMSCs labelled by PKH26 and lentivirus-GFP were spindle shaped. PKH26 red dye was evenly distributed in the cell membrane of HUCMSCs and could be clearly labelled. The HUCMSCs labelled by lentivirus-GFP were green fluorescence under the fluorescence microscope, and it was clear and stable. The HUCMSCs were clear and could be clearly distinguished on day 3 after transfection by two methods in vivo. As the time went by, red was faded and blurred, then was gradually disappeared on day 13 after transfection in the HUCMSCs stansfected by PKH26; but the color in the HUCMSCs stansfected by lentivirus-GFP were clear at all the time points. The transfection rate of the lentivirus-GFP was significantly higher that that of the PKH26 (P < 0.05), the rate of apoptotic stem cells had no significant differences at all the time points between these two groups (P > 0.05). ConclusionLentivirus-GFP transfection is a higher efficient method for stem cell labelling in vivo, it could be used to observe transplantation cells for a long time in future.
Objective To review the latest research progress of full-thickness tissue engineered skin (FTTES), to thoroughly understand its current state of research and appl ication so as to lay a sol id foundation for developing new type FTTES and improving the qual ity of skin substitutes. Methods Domestical and international l iterature concerning FTTES in recent years was extensively reviewed and comprehensively analyzed. Results Some progress of FTTES had made in seedcells, scaffold materials and construction, and some therapeutic efficacy had also been achieved in cl inical appl ication. ButFTTES grafting successful rate was lower, and it had no complete skin structure and had not reached the requirements of cl inicalappl ication. Conclusion FTTES is an ideal skin substitute and has great development prospects. However, in seed cells, scaffold materials, construction and appl ications of FTTES, further studied is still needed.
Objective To introduce the basic research and cl inical appl ication of stem cells transplantation for treating diabetic foot. Methods The recent original articles about the stem cells transplantation for treating diabetic foot were extensively reviewed. Results Transplanted different stem cells in diabetic foot could enhanced ulceration heal ing in certain conditions, increase neovascularization and avoid amputation. Conclusion Stem cells transplantation for treating diabeticfoot may be a future approach．
Purpose To investigate the development of embryonic stem cells (ESC)in the subretinal space． Methods ESC were cultivated in suspension for 4 days till they developed into cell aggregates,i.e.embryonic body(EB).ESC as well as EB combined with or without RA were respectively transplanted into vitreous cavity and subretina1 space in SD rats,and the subretinal transplanted eyes,transient ischemia-reperfusion injuries were made by ligating the ophthalmic artery for 40 seconds before the transplantation .The experimental eyes were enucleated for histological and immunohistochemical assays after 14～28 d. Results The EB was found to develope into photoreceptors induced by RA in the subretinal space under an ischemia-reperfusion condition，and EB transplantation without RA induction induced multiple differentiations in the subretinal space.The single injection of RA without EB induced hyperplasia of the neural retinal cells.ESC transplanted into vitreous cavity rapidly proliferated and developed into atypical hyperplastic mass. Conclusion EB derived from ESC can differentiate into photoreceptors induced by RA in the host subretinal space under an ischemia-reperfusion condition. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2000，16：213-284)