Heart failure (HF) is the end-stage of all cardiac diseases, characterized by high prevalence, high mortality, and heavy social and economic burden. Early warning of HF exacerbation is of great value for outpatient management and reducing readmission rates. Currently, remote dynamic monitoring technology, which captures changes in hemodynamic and physiological parameters of HF patients, has become the primary method for early warning and is a hot research topic in clinical studies. This paper systematically reviews the progress in this field, which was categorized into invasive monitoring based on implanted devices, non-invasive monitoring based on wearable devices, and other monitoring technologies based on audio and video. Invasive monitoring primarily involves direct hemodynamic parameters such as left atrial pressure and pulmonary artery pressure, while non-invasive monitoring covers parameters such as thoracic impedance, electrocardiogram, respiration, and activity levels. These parameters exhibit characteristic changes in the early stages of HF exacerbation. Given the clinical heterogeneity of HF patients, multi-source information fusion analysis can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of early warning models. The results of this study suggest that, compared with invasive monitoring, non-invasive monitoring technology, with its advantages of good patient compliance, ease of operation, and cost-effectiveness, combined with AI-driven multimodal data analysis methods, shows significant clinical application potential in establishing an outpatient management system for HF.
In recent years, the prevalence of hypertension in China has gradually increased. Although the awareness rate, treatment rate and control rate of hypertensive patients in China have been significantly raised, the overall level is still lower than that of western developed countries. In order to improve the rate of family blood pressure control, real-time warning of patients’ overall blood pressure level to doctors and the implementation of doctor-side medical intervention to patients are becoming a necessary condition. At present, the maturing home blood pressure tele-monitoring (HBPT) enhances the feasibility of increasing the interaction between doctors and patients. Randomized controlled trial evidence proves that remote monitoring can improve patient compliance and improve target blood pressure control rate. This paper introduces the relevant research results of HBPT in recent years, aiming to explore the advantages of HBPT for hypertension management and the prospect of further promotion and application.