Objective To investigate the inhibitory effects of RNA interference (RNAi) expression vector on the expression of survivin in pancreatic cancer cell PANC-1. Methods The protein and mRNA expressions of survivin were examined with immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. The survivin gene was cloned into the T-vector and sequenced. The RNAi expression vectors targeting survivin, named si-svv-1 and si-svv-2 respectively according to whether they harbored a mutation or no mutation, were constructed and transfected into PANC-1 cells with liposome. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected with RT-PCR. Apoptosis of PANC-1 cells was analyzed with DNA ladder and FACS. Results There was a high degree expression of survivin in PANC-1 cells. The expression of survivin was not inhibited by RNAi expression vectors si-svv-1, but inhibited about (72.43±8.04)% by si-svv-2 and the apoptosis rate of PANC-1 cells increased to （12.36±1.44）% after 72 h. Conclusion The RNAi expression vector can effectively inhibit the expression of survivin in pancreatic cancer cell PANC-1 cells and induce the apoptosis in PANC-1 cells.
Objective To search for the significant gene indicators in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Methods Literatures about genetic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were collected and reviewed. Results K-ras, p53, DPC4 and telomerase genes were considered to play important roles in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Detection of the genes related to pancreatic cancer may be of helpful in early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
ObjectiveTo study the expression of lipid associated with neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) in nude mice orthotopic pancreatic cancer tissues and the relationship between the occurred and development of pancreatic cancer. MethodsThe expressions of NGAL mRNA and protein of pancreatic cancer tissues and their adjacent tissues, and normal pancreatic tissues in nude mice were detected by using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical methods. ResultsThe expressions of NGAL mRNA in pancreatic cancer tissues and adjacent tissues were significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.05), and the expression of NGAL mRNA in pancreatic carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in para carcinoma tissues (P < 0.05). The strong positive expression rate of NGAL protein in pancreatic carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than thoes in para carcinoma tissues and normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.05). ConclusionsNGAL is highly expressed in pancreatic cancer tissues, and NGAL may be an important regulatory factor in the development of pancreatic cancer.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) gene with pancreatic cancer. MethodsThe relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. From the pancreatic cancer related genes, IGFBP related tumors and the correlation between IGFBP and pancreatic cancer research and other aspects of the previous research results were summaried. ResultsMost of the studies suggested that IGFBP could inhibit the function of tumor cells through the IGF dependent pathway, but the deletion or mutation of IGFBP gene and its regulation mechanism are still unclear. ConclusionIGFBP is closely related to the tumor, but its specific effects and mechanism of pancreatic cancer has not been settled. In order to affect the degree of cell differentiation, regulation of tumor growth and metastasis probability through the change of endogenous IGFBP gene level, the further studie is needed.
【Abstract】 Objective To explore the features of Ki-ras mutations at codon 12 in Chinese patients of pancreatic cancer and to compare these features with those in Western countries. Methods Fifty-nine samples were collected during operations for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in our hospital from December 1989 to November 1997. The patients, age ranged from 30 to 73 years 〔(55.5±10.4) years〕,with 38 males and 21 female. TNM staging of the patients: stage Ⅰ(n=4); stage Ⅱ(n=8), stage Ⅲ(n=42),stage Ⅳ(n=5). PCR was used to amplify target gene and Dot blot hybridization for detecting Ki-ras mutations at codon 12 was performed in fifty-nine specimens of Chinese pancreatic cancer. The data of Ki-ras mutations at codon 12 from Western countries were gotten by Medline system. Results Ki-ras mutation at codon 12 was detected in 76.3% of the patients in this group. The frequency of double mutation of Ki-ras at codon 12 in this group (15.6%) was highest than that in western countries. Our results were compared with those reported in Western countries. The results suggested that there were the significant differences in the substitution of Ki-ras mutations at codon 12 and in the ratio of transition to transversion in pancreatic cancer among various countries. Conclusion Ki-ras mutations at codon 12 is frequent in Chinese pancreatic cancer, and a gene component to pancreatic cancer may be different among various countries. In addition, the effect of Ki-ras mutations at codon 12 on prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer is different in various countries.
Objective To probe CT grading criteria of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer. Methods Retrieved articles in CNKI and PubMed about value of CT in preoperative assessment of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer last ten years. Results Multislice helical CT is considered the best imaging method to assess the invaded peripancreatic vessels in pancreatic cancer. There are different CT criteria of vascular invasion in pancreatic cancer based on extension of hypodense tumor and its relation to blood vessels, on the degree of circumferential contiguity of tumor to vessel, on the degree of lumen stenosis, and on the degree of contiguity between tumor and vessels combined vascular caliber. Conclusion CT grading criteria are not uniform, each one has defects.
Objective To investigate the effect of common iliac vein allograft replacing the portal vein-superior mesenteric vein transition area invaded by pancreatic cancer. Methods The clinical data of a patient with pancreatic cancer admitted to the Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital in December 2021 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with common iliac vein allograft replacing the junction of portal vein, superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein were analyzed retrospectively. The patient was a 77-year-old man who complained of “epigastric pain for 1 month and pancreatic mass was found for 1 week”. After admission, the patient was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer through inspection, and then the surgery was required. Preoperative examination and intraoperative exploration confirmed that the junction of portal vein, superior mesenteric vein, and spleen vein was invaded by tumor. In addition, the length of the invaded vessels measured by preoperative 3D reconstruction image was 5.5 cm, and the distance between the broken end of portal vein and the broken end of superior mesenteric vein measured was 4.5 cm during the operation. After tumor and vessels were resected, vascular anastomosis could not be performed directly. After accurate evaluation, pancreaticoduodenectomy combined with common iliac vein allograft replacing the junction of portal vein, superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein was performed. The operative time was 11 h, and the intraoperative blood loss was 400 mL. After the operation, the routine treatment was performed in ICU and was transferred to the general ward on the 7th day. Postoperative laboratory tests were performed to monitor liver function changes routinely, and imaging examination were was performed to monitor portal venous system blood flow. Results Postoperative complications such as biliary fistula, pancreatic fistula, hemorrhage, infection and thrombosis were not occurred. Postoperative pathological diagnosis: pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, medium-low differentiation. Enhanced CT reexamination on the 2nd and 13th day after the operation showed that the blood flow at the junction of portal vein, superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein of the common iliac vein allograft was unobstructed, and there was no stenosis or thrombosis at each anastomosis. Conclusions The application of common iliac vein allograft replacing the portal vein-superior mesenteric vein transition area invaded by pancreatic cancer is safe and feasible. The short-term efficacy is satisfactory, and long-term prognosis remains to be further observed.
Objective To investigate the mechanism of the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)mediated apoptosis. MethodsThe expression of TRAIL receptor-4 (TRAIL-R4) in normal pancreas tissue and pancreatic cancer was analyzed by using Northern blotting, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.ResultsTRAIL-R4 mRNA and protein were expressed at moderate to high levels in human pancreatic cancer, but demonstrated weak to negative in the normal pancreas. Moreover, pancreatic cancer cells showed b TRAIL-R4 immunostaining throughout the tumor mass. Conclusion TRAIL-R4 levels are significantly different in pancreatic cancer in comparison to the normal pancreas. These findings give new insights into the resistance mechanisms of pancreatic cancer cells towards TRAILmediated apoptosis.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the expression of E-cadherin protein and the risk of pancreatic cancer. MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang Data from inception to October 2016 to collect case-control studies about the correlation between E-cadherin protein expression and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software and Stata 12.0 software. ResultsSeventeen studies (986 cases in pancreatic cancer group and 433 cases in normal pancreatic tissue group) were finally included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: the expression of E-cadherin protein in the pancreatic cancer group was lower than normal tissue group (OR=0.04, 95%CI 0.01 to 0.23, P=0.000 2), poor differentiation group was lower than high or middle differentiation group (OR=0.44, 95%CI 0.26 to 0.76, P=0.003), lymph node metastasis group was lower than without lymph node metastasis group (OR=0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.81, P=0.005), and the difference was statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference between the clinical stageⅠ-Ⅱ group and Ⅲ-Ⅳ group (OR=0.63, 95%CI 0.25 to 1.59, P=0.33), pancreatic head cancer group and pancreatic body and tail cancer group (OR=1.22, 95%CI 0.72 to 2.07, P=0.46), pancreatic cancer with nerve invasion group and without nerve invasion group (OR=1.45, 95%CI 0.81 to 2.62, P=0.21), pancreatic cancer with vascular invasion group and without vascular invasion group (OR=0.55, 95%CI 0.13 to 2.22, P=0.40). ConclusionLower expression of E-cadherin protein is significantly associated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. Due to the limited quality and quanity of includied studies, the above conclusion should be approved by more studies.
Objective To summarize the progress of endoscopic diagnosis and therapy for pancreatic cancer. Methods Domestic and international publications online involving progress of diagnosis and therapy for pancreatic cancer by using endoscope in recent years were collected and reviewed. Results Recently, early diagnostic rate of pancreatic cancer increased with the development of endoscope and endoscopic technique such as endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration, peroral pancreatoscopy, optical coherence tomography, ERCP, and cytology in pancreatic juice. Furthermore, varied therapies such as endoscopic ultrasound guided celiac plexus neurolysis, implantation of iodine 125-particles or pancreatic duct/bile duct stents were performed by endoscope for advanced pancreatic cancer. Conclusion Early diagnostic rate and novel therapeutic alternative of pancreatic cancer are supplied by digestive endoscopy.