ObjectiveTo evaluate the superiority of nasopharyngeal airway on obesity patients during general anesthesia induction period. MethodForty-two trachea cannula and general anesthesia obesity patients treated from June to November in 2013 were chosen and divided equally into two groups:nasopharyngeal airway group (group A) and control group (group B). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), arterial blood partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) were recorded when the patients entered the operation room, three minutes after man-made positive pressure ventilating and five minutes after intubation. Peak voltage (Ppeak) of man-made positive pressure ventilation for three minutes was also observed, and intubation frequency and time, mouth mucosa bleeding, and sore throat examples were compared between the two groups. ResultsCompared with group B, MAP, HR, PaCO2 and Ppeak three minutes after man-made positive pressure ventilating were lower (P<0.05), but SpO2 was higher in group A (P<0.05). Intubation frequency and time, mouth mucosa bleeding, and sore throat examples of group A were less than those in group B (P<0.05). ConclusionsNasopharyngeal airway is better for obesity patients during general anesthesia induction period, which also improves anesthesia safety level.
Amine oxidase copper-containing 1 (AOC1) is a key member of copper amine oxidase family, which is responsible for deamination oxidation of histamine and putrescine. In recent years, AOC1 has been reported to be associated with various cancers, with its expression levels significantly elevated in certain cancer cells, suggesting its potential role in cancer progression. However, its function in lipid metabolism still remains unclear. Through genetic analysis, we have discovered a potential relationship between AOC1 and lipid metabolism. To further investigate, we generated Aoc1−/− mice and characterized their metabolic phenotypes on both chow diet and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding conditions. On HFD feeding conditions, Aoc1−/− mice exhibited significantly higher fat mass and impaired glucose sensitivity, and lipid accumulation in white adipose tissue and liver was also increased. This study uncovers the potential role of AOC1 in lipid metabolism and its implications in metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, providing new targets and research directions for treating metabolic diseases.
Objective To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its influence factors in Zhuhai inhabitants. Methods Applying multi-stage cluster random sampling in the three administrative areas of Zhuhai including Xiangzhou, Doumen and Jinwan, A questionnaire-based survey was performed in conjunction of the measurement of height and weight among 961 inhabitants aged 15-69 years. In addition, a multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was employed to analyze the influence factors of overweight and obesity. Results The prevalence and standardized rates of overweight and obesity in the study population were 18.1%, 17.6%, 6.6%, 6.5%, respectively. The standardized rates of overweight and obesity in male and female were 18.4%, 5.8%, 16.5%, 7.2%, respectively. Age, drinking, smoking and regional difference were identified as the 4 risk factors of overweight and obesity, their OR values being 1.028, 1.683, 0.677, 1.404, Plt;0.05, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Zhuhai’s inhabitants was over the average level of Chinese residents, and overweight and obesity has become a major risk factor influencing the health of Zhuhai’s inhabitants. In view of the influence factors of overweight and obesity, timely and effective prevention and control measures should be taken.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the intervention effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on weight loss and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. MethodsThe computer conducted searches in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data database to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to HIIT and weight loss, fat reduction, and blood lipid metabolism in overweight/obese populations. The search was conducted from the inception of the databases to March 31, 2023. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. After evaluating the risk of bias of the included studies, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. ResultsA total of 19 RCTs, involving 595 overweight/obese participants, were included. The meta-analysis results showed that compared wtih the control group, HIIT interventions effectively reduced body weight (MD=−2.63, 95%CI −4.04 to −1.23, P<0.05), BMI (MD=−1.21, 95%CI −1.95 to −0.48, P<0.05), Fat% (MD=−1.66, 95%CI −2.28 to −1.04, P<0.05), TG (MD=−0.13, 95%CI −0.25 to −0.01, P=0.04), HDL (MD=0.14, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.23, P<0.05), and LDL (MD=−0.26, 95%CI −0.39 to −0.13, P<0.05) levels but did not improve TC (MD=−0.15, 95%CI −0.36 to 0.06, P=0.15) levels. ConclusionHIIT intervention can effectively improve body weight, BMI, Fat%, TG, HDL, and LDL levels in overweight/obese populations, particularly showing a more pronounced improvement in lipid profiles among overweight/obese adolescents, but it does not reduce TC levels. This study demonstrates that HIIT may be an effective strategy to assist in weight loss and prevent cardiovascular diseases in overweight/obese populations, with potential for broader application.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between overweight, obesity, abdominal obesity, and cognitive impairment (CI) in the elderly. MethodsThe CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched for studies on the relationship between overweight, obesity/abdominal obesity, and CI in the elderly from their inception to July 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software. ResultsA total of 38 studies involving 1 783 087 subjects were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with normal-weight individuals, overweight (OR=0.96, 95%CI 0.91 to 1.02, P=0.201) was not statistically significant in the risk of CI in the elderly. Obesity (OR=1.14, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.28, P=0.03) and abdominal obesity (OR=1.16, 95%CI 1.11 to 1.21, P<0.001) may be risk factors for CI in the elderly. Subgroup analysis was conducted based on study type, BMI standards, cognitive diagnostic standards, national development level, abdominal obesity diagnostic standards, and follow-up time. Among the subgroups analyzing the correlation between overweight and CI in the elderly, follow-up time ≤5 years (OR=0.68, 95%CI 0.58 to 0.80) showed a lower proportion of CI compared to other follow-up periods. In the subgroups analyzing the correlation between obesity and CI in the elderly, follow-up time ≤5 years (OR=0.71, 95%CI 0.50 to 1.01) was not statistically significant compared to other follow-up periods. For abdominal obesity, a significant association with increased CI risk in the elderly was found only in the subgroup with a follow-up time of 5-10 years (OR=1.21, 95%CI 1.15 to 1.27), compared with other follow-up periods. ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests that obesity and abdominal obesity may increase the risk of CI in the elderly. Proper weight management is crucial for preventing and delaying the progression of CI in the elderly.
Objective To summarize the current status and hotspots of research on obesity and neuroinflammation in the last decade through bibliometric analysis. Method Web of Science database was searched for English literature on obesity and neuroinflammation published between 2011 and 2021. The CiteSpace software was applied to analyze the number of publications, authors, institutions, countries and collaborations, and keywords in the field of obesity and neuroinflammation research.Results A total of 548 articles were included, and the number of articles had been increasing year by year. The top three countries in the field of obesity and neuroinflammation research were the United States, China, and Brazil. University of Toronto was the core research institution. Keywords formed 16 clusters, and there were a total of 15 emergent words.Conclusions Over the past decade, research on obesity and neuroinflammation has shown an upward trend. The research hotspots in the field of obesity and neuroinflammation mainly focus on insulin resistance, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, high fat diet, inflammation, neuroinflammation, and other aspects. The prefrontal cortex and memory impairment are future hotspots.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy of different exercises on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, PubMed, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of exercise on inflammatory cytokines in individuals with overweight or obesity from January, 2000 to April, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. The network meta-analysis was then performed using Stata 16.0 software. Results A total of 63 RCTs were included, 49 of which reported the changes in IL-6, 47 of which reported the changes in TNF-α, and 16 of which reported the changes in IL-10. The results of the network meta-analysis found that compared with those in the control group, aerobic exercise (AE) (SMD=−0.9, 95%CI −1.4 to −0.5, P<0.01) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD=−1.3, 95%CI −2.3 to −0.3, P=0.011) significantly reduced IL-6. AE (SMD=−1.3, 95%CI −1.7 to −0.9, P<0.01), combined exercise (COM) (SMD=−0.7, 95%CI −1.3 to −0.1, P=0.02), and HIIT (SMD=−1.8, 95%CI −2.6 to −0.9, P<0.01) significantly reduced TNF-α; AE (SMD=0.8, 95%CI 0.1 to 1.5, P=0.03) significantly increased IL-10. The cumulative probability ranking results showed that HIIT was the most effective in reducing IL-6 and TNF-α and increasing IL-10, followed by AE and COM, and resistance training (RT) was the least effective. Conclusion Different exercise types have different effects on improving inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. HIIT can be suggested as the best exercise program to improve chronic inflammation in individuals with overweight or obesity. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
Objective To investigate the short term and long term effects of laparoscopic gastric bypass on obesity related type 2 diabetes. Methods Twenty obese patients with type 2 diabetes underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass between Nov. 2009 and Feb. 2012 were identified in the computer database of West China Hospital of Sichuan University. All patients had short term follow-up of less than 1 year and among them 11 were with long term follow-up of 1 year or more. Body weight， body mass index （BMI）， blood glucose， glycosylated hemoglobin （HbA1c）， homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance-insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）， blood pressure， and blood lipids were examined. Short term （＜1 year） and long term （≥1 year） remission rates of diabetes were calculated and factors which might have effects on the remission of diabetes were analyzed. Results Of patients with short term follow-up，body weight， fasting plasma glucose （FPG）， 2h plasma glucose （2hPG）， HbA1c， and HOMA-IR were reduced significantly. Among them， 18 of 20 patients （90.0%） reached the glucose and medication standards of complete remission and partial remission， 9 patients were defined as completely remitted （9/20， 45.0%）. Those accompanied with hypertension and （or） hyperlipemia were all improved clinically. The duration of diabetes， fasting and 2 h C peptide were found to be related to short term diabetes remission. Patients with long term follow-up of 1 year or more were observed to have significant reductions in body weight， FPG， 2hPG， HbA1c， and HOMA-IR as well. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were all well controlled. The remission rate of diabetes reached 9/11 （81.8%）and those who were defined as completely remitted took a proportion of 6/11 （54.5%）. In these patients， those who did not reach the standards of complete remission had longer duration of diabetes and higher FPG when compared with those who did. No severe adverse event was found during the follow-up in either group. Most patients investigated were satisfied with the surgery.Conclusion Laparoscopic gastric bypass is effective and safe on short term and long term treatment of obesity related type 2 diabetes.
Obesity is closely related to thyroid function. The concentration of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in obese patients is higher than that in the general population, and TSH will decrease accordingly after weight loss. Leptin is a bridge linking obesity and thyroid hormones, which can affect the release of TSH. There are many kinds of weight-reducing drugs that target the thyroid gland. Among them, thyroid hormone receptor-specific agonists may be potential drugs for future obesity treatment, but further studies are still needed.
Objective To systematically review the efficacy of eight time-restricted eating strategies on overweight/obese adults using network meta-analysis. MethodsThe Scopus, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the intervention effects of eight time-restricted eating strategies on overweight/obese adults from inception to September 18, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Network meta-analysis was performed using ADDIS 1.16.8 and Stata 18.0 software. ResultsA total of 23 RCTs involving 1 306 overweight/obese adults were included. The network meta-analysis revealed that compared with standard diets, the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with a low-carbohydrate diet (MD=−4.01, 95%CI −5.95 to −2.08, P<0.05) showed better weight reduction effects. Compared with standard diets, the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with a low-carbohydrate diet (MD=−3.54, 95%CI −5.44 to −1.63, P<0.05) and the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with a low-sugar diet (MD=−4.19, 95%CI −8.33 to −0.05, P<0.05) significantly improved overall fat mass. Compared with standard diets, the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with a low-sugar diet (MD=−15.42, 95%CI −29.12 to −1.72, P<0.05) had a better effect on fasting blood glucose control. The 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with high-intensity interval training (MD=−3.68, 95%CI −6.57 to −0.79, P<0.05) showed better results in reducing waist circumference. No statistical significance was found in direct comparisons regarding bone mineral content. The efficacy ranking showed that the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with a low-carbohydrate diet was most effective for weight reduction; the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with a low-sugar diet was more effective in reducing overall fat mass and controlling fasting blood glucose; the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with calorie restriction had significant effects on waist circumference improvement; and the 8-hour time-restricted eating combined with high-intensity interval training was more effective for increasing bone mineral content. ConclusionBased on the results of the network meta-analysis and ranking, different time-restricted eating strategies have specific advantages for the intervention of overweight or obese individuals. The choice of the appropriate strategy should consider individual dietary habits and health conditions. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.