Objective To investigate and analyze the past and on-going pro-poor programs related to health equity, and the relevant policies, documents, interventions measures, etc. to improve the China prisoners’ accessibility and utilization of tuberculosis (TB) control services in TB control programs, then evaluate their impacts and influences to provide evidences and suggestions for the further work of TB prevention and treatment. Methods Retrieve published documents about TB prevention and treatment of transient population dating from 1998 to 2008 from MEDLINE, PubMed, CNKI, CBMdisc CDDB and VIP with computers. Simultaneously, a series of interviews was conducted after we got the agreement of the interview people by using non-probability statistics methods. Results A total of 23 documents were retrieved, and they were consonant with the criteria, among which 8 were published and 5 were policy documents. The study on the second document showed the measures that presently applied on TB patients among prisoners in China: find patients through surveys, inspect every prisons and patients going to visit doctors with symptoms; concerning differences between various groups of prisoners, the measure of “classify and instruction, enroll together and treat” was applied; carry out health education in the prisons and so on. After the implement of various measures, the knowledge awareness, discovery rate, accomplishment ratio, cure rate and so on were all improved. The results of the qualitative interviews showed: the TB patients and the doubts among prisoners could be well gotten together and isolated to receive DOTS; doctors were able to receive trainings on TB treatment and take appointment with certificate. Conclusion According to the results of qualitative interviews, the published and the secondary documents, it could be seen that DOTS are well implemented with remarkable effects.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo review the epidemiology, etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment, recurrance and prognosis of Mondor disease. MethodsLiteratures on Mondor disease were reviewed, and our study of Mondor disease was also included. ResultsMondor disease is difficult to diagnose, but is with good prognosis in most patients. It’s unclear whether Mondor disease is associated with the etiology of breast cancer. ConclusionThe diagnosis and therapy of Mondor disease are important, especially when it is accompanied with breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the reporting quality of systematic reviews (SRs)/meta-analyses on acupuncture focusing on literature screening results and explore the influencing factors of the complete reporting.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases were searched to collect SRs/meta-analyses on acupuncture from inception to December 31st, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and evaluated the reporting quality of literature screening results of SRs/meta-analyses on acupuncture based on PRISMA statement. Logistic regression model analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of the complete reporting rate of literature screening results. Statistical analysis was performed by using Excel 2016 and SPSS 16.0 software.ResultsA total of 1 227 SRs/meta-analyses were included. Only 62.3% SRs fully reported the four parts of literature screening results. The parts with a low reporting rate included the number of studies assessed for eligibility (73.2%) and the reasons for exclusions at each stage (67.0%). And the reporting rate of the literature screening flowchart was also low (63.6%). The reporting rate of literature screening results in Chinese SRs was lower than that in English SRs, and there was significantly statistical difference (P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the type of published journal, publication year, pages of article and the number of searched databases were correlated with the complete reporting rate of literature screening results (P<0.001).ConclusionsThe complete reporting rate of the literature screening results of SRs on acupuncture is low, especially in Chinese SRs. The complete reporting rate of literature screening results is significantly higher for SRs published after PRISMA statement, in SCI journals, with longer length and more searched databases.
Objective To introduce the method of reading systematic reviews. Methods Papers and books on reading and evaluating medical literature were searched comprehensively, and general principles and approaches of reading systematic reviews were summarized. Results The following 10 points were summarized to help read systematic reviews in a scientific, rapid, and efficient way: ① Was there any overviews of reviews? ② Was there a recent update? ③ Were the previous relevant systematic reviews integrated? ④ Were sound searching strategies established and implemented? ⑤ Was quality evaluation done concerning the original research? ⑥ Were the results of the original research conflated properly? ⑦ Was there any explanation to the limitations or weaknesses of the systematic review? ⑧ Were the problems to be solved in the next stage put forward? ⑨ Were the abstracts and full-texts reported sufficiently? ⑩ Were the systematic reviews helpful in solving practical problems? Additionally, the readers were divided into the four groups based on their application of the systematic reviews: health policy makers, health care suppliers, researchers as well as patients and common people. Conclusion The reading of the systematic reviews should be stressed in order to better guide decision-making and promote evidence-based practice.
Objective To study the methodology of Chinese literature retrieval. Methods The manual review of the literature was served as the “gold standard” against database search strategies (the diagnostic tests). We selected original articles about treatment, rehabilitation and randomized controlled trials from 31 journals. The articles were downloaded from the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). We selected potentially useful words through a word frequency analysis and determined the frequency of all the words in the titles, abstracts, and subject indexes. All the selected journals functioned as a closed database. The sensitivity, specificity and precision of all the high frequency words were calculated and the high frequency words of large sensitivity×precision were considered as final searching words. All the searching strategies were produced by computer programe which consisted of all searching words, title field and abstract field. Meanwhile, the sensitivity, specificity, precision and NNR (number needed to read) were calculated. Among the strategies, those comprised of all searching words would be used in CBM disc database, those of title and abstract words in Chinese Web Databases. The best strategies were those of high sensitivity and high specificity. Results 2 570 articles were selected and 45 articles met the gold standard. The strategies emphasized sensitivity were “therapeutic use OR random OR control(for CBM disc) and multicenter OR therapeutic outcome OR random (for Chinese online databases)”. The strategies emphasized specificity were “placebo OR prospective study(MH) OR double blind OR random controled trial (MH) (for CBM disc) and placebo OR prospective) OR double blind OR efficiency (for Chinese online databases).”Conclusions The method is optimal for Chinese literature databases
ObjectiveTo summarize regional and body distributions, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of echinococcosis outside liver in China. MethodsThe published literatures about echinococcosis outside liver in China (not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions) from 2000 to 2015 were searched in the databases of CNKI and Wanfang. Data were extracted by using a standardized form and a retrospective clinical analysis was performed. ResultsA total of 66 published literatures about echinococcosis outside liver and data of 884 cases reported were collected. The regional proportions of cases reported were different, five high regions were Xinjiang (68.73%), Tibet (8.77%), Ningxia (6.75%), Qinghai (6.41%), Gansu (5.62%). The organ distributions of cases reported were also different, five high organs were lung (61.09%), bone (9.95%), brain (9.73%), spleen (8.60%), and kidney (6.22%). The main clinical symptoms of patients with echinococcosis outside liver included general asymptoms and organ dysfunction, and the most common examinations were X-ray (30.77%), B ultrasound (7.47%),CT(17.43%), MR (1.59%), and laboratory (36.31%). The main therapy choice was operation (73.30%), and some patients were performed operation combined with drug therapy. ConclusionRegional distribution of echinococcosis outside liver is almost the same as total echinococcosis, and distributed more in organs rich in blood supply, its clinical diagnosis mainly depends on imaging and immunology examination, and operation is still the main therapy choice.
Objective To collect and analyze published experimental and clinical studies about the protective function of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) to organs, in order to learn the history of IPC, the progress of experimental as well as clinical studies, and explore the mechanism of IPC in organ transplantation. Methods The electronic search of MEDLINE (1966 to Aug. 2009), EMbase (1974 to Aug. 2009) and The Cochrane Library (Issue 2, 2009) were performed to include and exclude the retrieved articles by two reviewers independently. The included studies were further treated for analysis and discriptive review. Results A total of 1 398 papers were included, of which about 75 percent were experimental studies, and only about 25 percent were clinical studies. About 73 percent studies focused on the heart and liver. Althrough the studies about the effects induced by IPC on the heart, brain, spinal cord and liver increased obviously in recent years, the clinical studies concerned the heart and liver operation and transplantation still far lagged behind experimental studies, especially very few clinical studies on the effect induced by IPC on kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Conclusion IPC intervention can effectively protect the heart and lung from the I/RI during the surgical and transplatational operations, and the hepat-surgical and living liver transplantational operations. IPC can effectively protect the brain and spinal cord from I/RI, but no protective function to cadaveric liver transplantation. However, the IPC effects on the kidney and gastrointestinal tract are not confirmed and neither is the mechanism of the effect induced by IPC.
Objective To explore the condition and quality of domestic clinical therapeutic studies on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for posthepatitic cirrhosis in recent 30 years. Methods Jadad scale was used to score 121 literatures selected from January 1980 to January 2010 in periodicals of domestic authoritative resources databases, such as CNKI, VIP, WanFang Data, and CBM. Systematic reviews were conducted to 39 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) literatures of treating posthepatitic cirrhosis with integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine scored two or more points. Results In 30 years, the main problems existing in domestic posthepatitic cirrhosis clinical research of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine were as follows: the design of clinical RCTs was not strict enough; there was deficiency in the use of blind method; the standardized and uniformed research standard were insufficiency; the sample content was low without specific estimation methods; there was lack of analyses in compliance with cases falling off or without follow-up; and the report of adverse reaction and the quality of life research was neglected. Conclusion Posthepatitic cirrhosis therapy of integrated traditional Chinese and western medical is of “personalized” and “diversified” characteristics. Its therapeutic effects are significantly better than those of pure western medicine and worthy to be popularized in the clinic. However, the quality and level of its clinical scientific research methods still need further improvement.
Objectives We aimed to assess the methodological qual ity of RCT on acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis. Methods With the searching terms including acupuncture, migraine, prophylaxis and prevent, etc, the database of the Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2007), MEDLINE (1966-2007), EMBase (1966-2007), CBM (1978-2007) and CMCC (1994-2007) were searched from their date of start publ ication. Chinese medical journals and relevant academic conference proceedings were hand searched as well. Several items in included trials were assessed, including methodology, diagnostic criteria, inclusion/exclusion criteria, acupuncture/control interventions, outcome measures and follow-up, etc. Result Among the 12 included trials, 9 trials overseas were high-qual ity and 3 in China were low-quality. Frequency or days of migraine attacks and SF-36/SF-12 were often evaluated as outcome measures in western countries, while headache index was used in China. Among the 12 trials, 9 reported the follow-up outcomes and 8 mentioned adverse events. Conclusion There was no high qual ity trial on acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis in China. The outcome measures in trials published in China by now can not evaluate the outcomes of acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis accurately. To study designs, advantages of trials oversea can be used for reference. To Chinese cl inical physicians, prophylactic therapy and abortive therapy of migraine should be distinguished in order to design high-qual ity study on acupuncture for migraine prophylaxis.
ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of LuX-Valve implantation in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and review articles about similar devices.MethodsWe reported the data of a 58-year-old male patient with severe TR, who was hospitalized on March 17th, 2020 because of “abdominal distention and edema for 5 years”, and then received LuX-Valve implantation in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University. Articles about transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement were reviewed in PubMed according to the key words including “transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement” “TTVR” and “transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention”.ResultsThe patient with severe TR received LuX-Valve implantation under general anesthesia and the guidance of digital subtraction angiography and transesophageal echocardiography. The patient’s TR was totally corrected after implantation and postoperative one-month follow-up showed well clinical effects. The result of literature review showed that there were two similar devices and both had been implanted in TR patients.ConclusionLuX-Valve is an effective and reliable transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement device.