Objective To observe the clinical outcomes of Hangman fracture treated by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Methods A total of 41 patients with Hangman fracture were retrospectively analyzed, who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion from May 2010 to May 2016. Intervertebral bone graft fusion was observed through postoperative radiographic images, and improvement of symptoms was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scale (m-JOA). Surgical complications were evaluated as well. Results No severe complications occurred after surgery, but 5 patients had a transient dysphagia, which relieved spontaneously. Thirty-five patients had a fusion of intervertebral bone graft 3 months after surgery, and the remaining 6 patients did at the last follow-up. The VAS score was improved from 4.5±1.6 pre-operatively to 2.4±1.7 immediately post-operatively (P>0.05), and was further improved to 0.7±0.9 at the last follow-up (P<0.05). The NDI score was improved from 29.3±10.9 pre-operatively to 13.2±5.4 immediately post-operatively (P<0.05), and was further improved to 4.6±3.1 at the last follow-up (P<0.05). The m-JOA score was improved from 8.4±2.3 pre-operatively to 11.6±3.5 immediately post-operatively (P<0.05), and was further improved to 14.3±2.0 at the last follow-up (P<0.05). Conclusion Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion can be used in Hangman fracture, which is safe and reliable.
Objective To review the research advances in animal models of human disc degeneration. Methods The relative articles in recent years were extensively reviewed. Studies both at home and abroad were analyzed and classified. The advantages and disadvantages of each method were compared. Results Studies were classified as either experimentally induced models or spontaneous models. The induced models were subdivided as mechanical (alteration of forces on the normal disc), structural (injury or chemical alteration) and genetically induced models. Spontaneous models included those animals that naturally developed degenerative disc disease. Conclusion Animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration is an important path for revealing the pathogenesis of human disc degeneration, and play an important role in testing novel interventions. With recent advances in the relevance of animal models and humans, it has a great prospect in study of human disc degeneration.
Objective To investigate the effect and safety of the anterior uncovertebral joint resection in treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompanied by radiculopathy. Methods From March 2002 toJuly 2004, 9 patients (5 males, 4 females; aged 38-66) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompanied by radiculopathy underwent the anterior uncovertebral joint resection and discectomy using the titanium cage implantation. There were 6 unilateral and 3 bilateral compressed nerve roots. Results During the follow-up for 3-16 months, CT scanning or X-ray films revealed thatall the patients improved with an enlargement of the intervertebral foramen, and MRI demonstrated that compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots vanished.Seven patients had a relief in the radicular pain although the other 2 still had a residual pain. All the patients improved to some extent in symptoms of myelopathy. No patient suffered vertebral artery injury during the operation. Conclusion The uncovertebral joint resection can directly decompressthe nerve roots. The key to avoidance of an injury to the vertebral artery is agood understanding of the regional anatomy and a good performance of the operation.
Objective To explore an improved surgical approach to the superior posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion to treat lumbar burst fracture and to evaluate its preliminary clinical application. Methods From June to October 2006, 4 patients (2 males, 2 females; age, 17-39 years) with Denis B type lumbar burst fracture underwent the superior posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion. The fracture occurred in 2 patients at L1 and 2 at L2. According to the Frankel scales assessment, before operation, 2patients were at Grade B and the other 2 at Grade C, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was 7.00±0.82. Radiological evaluation was performed, which revealed the kyphosis Cobb angel of 22.94±11.21°, the adjacent superior and the inferiorintervertebal disc heights of 12.78±1.52 mm and 11.68±1.04 mm, espectively, and the vertebral canal sagittal diameter of 9.56±2.27 mm on the computer tomography (CT) scan. The neurological and the radiological evaluations were also made immediately and 3 months after operation. Results The anterior single segmental decompression and fusion operations were performed successfully in all the patients. The average operating time was 166±29 min and the average amount of blood loss was 395± 54 ml. The Frankel scales assessment showed that at the time immediately after operation, one of the 2 Grade B patients had an improvement to Grade C, but the other patient had no improvement. One of the 2 Grade C patientshad an improvement to Grade D, but the other patient had no improvement. Three months after operation, the 2 Grade B patients had an improvement to Grade C. The 2 grade C patients had an improvement to Grade D or E. The VAS score was significantly decreased to 3.50±1.29 after operation and to 1.25±0.50 3 months later （P＜0.05）. The vertebral canal sagittal diameter was significantly increased to 19.76±3.82 mm (Plt;0.01), but it was maintained to 19.27±3.41 mm3 months later, with no significant difference（Pgt;0.05）. The patients’ kyphosis Cobb angle was significantly improved to 8.71±5.41° (P＜0.05) , but it was maintained to 9.52±5.66° 3 months later, with no significant difference（Pgt;0.05）. The heights of the adjacent discs remained unchanged. No complication was observedduring and after operation, and the radiological and the CT scanning evaluations 3 months later showed no failure of the internal fixation. Conclusion The superior and posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followedby the single segmental fusion can effectively decompress the vertebral canal and maintain the spine stability in treatment of the Denis B type fracture thoughthe longterm effectiveness requires a further follow-up.
ObjectiveTo review the research progress of endogenous repair strategy (ERS) in intervertebral disc (IVD).MethodsThe domestic and foreign literature related to ERS in IVD in recent years was reviewed, and its characteristics, status, and prospect in the future were summarized.ResultsThe key of ERS in IVD is to improve the vitality of stem/progenitor cells in IVD or promote its migration from stem cell Niche to the tissue that need to repair. These stem/progenitor cells in IVD are derived from nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and cartilaginous endplate, showing similar biological characteristics to mesenchymal stem cells including the expression of the specific stem/progenitor cell surface markers and gene, and also the capacity of multiple differentiations potential. However, the development, senescence, and degeneration of IVD have consumed these stem/progenitor cells, and the harsh internal microenvironment further impair their biological characteristics, which leads to the failure of endogenous repair in IVD. At present, relevant research mainly focuses on improving the biological characteristics of endogenous stem/progenitor cells, directly supplementing endogenous stem/progenitor cells, biomaterials and small molecule compounds to stimulate the endogenous repair in IVD, so as to improve the effect of endogenous repair.ConclusionAt present, ERS has gotten some achievements in the treatment of IVD degeneration, but its related studies are still in the pre-clinical stage. So further studies regarding ERS should be carried out in the future, especially in vivo experiments and clinical transformation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical results of the medial multiplex flap pedicled with the posterior tibial vessel. METHODS: Twelve cases with soft tissue defects and bone defects of limbs were treated with the medial multiplex flap pedicled with the posterior tibial vessel from September 1992 to May 1999. Among them, bone and soft tissue defects following opened fracture in 7 cases, chronic ulcer following chronic osteomyelitis in 2 cases, melanoepithelioma in 2 cases, bone and soft tissue defects following osteoma resection in 1 case. The bone defect area was from 2.5 cm x 5.0 cm to 4.5 cm x 11.0 cm. Free graft was performed in 5 cases, bridged transposition in 3 cases and reversal transposition in 4 cases, among them, periosteal myocutaneous flap with autogenous or allogeneic bone grafting in 8 cases, myocutaneous flap in 4 cases. The area of the flaps from 6 cm x 8 cm to 12 cm x 25 cm. RESULTS: All flaps were healed by first intention, but in the distal fragments of bigger flaps were partially necrosed in 2 cases. In 10 cases bone healing were obtained after 16 weeks of operation according to the X-ray photos. All cases were followed up from 6 to 18 months. All cases achieved satisfactory result but 1 case died because of lung metastasis of osteoma. CONCLUSION: The multiplex graft pedicled with the posterior tibial vessel is an ideal graft for repairing the large soft tissue defects and bone defects, because it has such advantages as adequate blood supply, big vascular diameter, long pedicle and big dermatomic area.
Objective To summarize the research progress on rodent models of cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods The relevant domestic and foreign literature in recent years was reviewed, the methods of establishing the rodent models of cervical SCI and the evaluation methods of behavior, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, and histology were summarized. Results Cervical SCI involves primary and secondary injuries. Primary cervical SCI can be simulated with contusion, contusion compression, fracture dislocation, spinal cord traction, and spinal cord transection; scondary cervical SCI can be simulated with photochemical model and excitotoxicity model. Certain evaluation methods such as behavior, imaging, neuroelectrophysiology, and histology are used to evaluation during model building and research. Conclusion Different rodent models of cervical SCI have different advantages and application directions, and it is critical importance for the study of cervical SCI to establish effective animal models.
Abstract： Objective To estimate the effectiveness and safety of intra-aortic balloon pump （IABP）in the patients with mild or mild to moderate aortic regurgitation. Methods A total of 15 patients with mild or mild to moderate aortic regurgitation and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF＜ 40.00%) including 11 males and 4 females, who underwent IABP application after cardiac surgery between September 2006 and January 2011, were included in this study. Their age ranged from 50 to 74 years with an average age of 63.60 years. There were 9 patients with mild aortic regurgitation and 6 patients with mild to moderate aortic regurgitation, all with LVEF ＜ 40.00%. IABP catheters were inserted before operation and IABP worked after heart the recovery of heart beat. Mean aortic pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), LVEF , and aortic regurgitation volume before the use of IABP and after stopping use of it were compared. Results The total mortality was zero. The patients’ CI significantly improved from 1.99±0.23 L/(min.m2) to 3.30±0.29 L/(min.m2) after IABP （t =48.30，P=0.00）. Their LVEFs were significantly improved after use of IABP (37.20%±1.37% versus 42.60%±2.87%， t =11.34，P=0.00）. Their SVRI improved significantly (2 347.00±190.00 dyn·s/(cm5·m2) versus 2 128.00±204.00 dyn·s/(cm5 · m2)，t=20.60, P=0.00）after use of IABP. However, their aortic regurgitation volume were not significantly increased（χ2=0.60, P=0.44）. Conclusion Application of IABP in patients with mild or mild to moderate aortic regurgitation and low LVEF can obtain good circulation support after operation without increasing their aortic regurgitation.
Objective To introduce growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF-5) gene into hBMSCs using recombinant adenovirus vector and to investigate the effect of GDF-5 gene expression on hBMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Methods Recombinant adenovirus GDF-5 (Ad-GDF-5) containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) and Ad-GFP were amplifiedand tittered. hBMSCs at passage 3 were infected with two viruses at different titers. At 2 days after intervention, GFP expression was observed using fluorescence microscope, and GDF-5 expression in hBMSCs was detected by RT-PCR. Adherent hBMSCs at passage 3 were randomly divided into 4 groups: experimental group (GDF-5 gene transfection), osteogenic induction group, Ad- GFP infection group, and control group. Cell differentiation was detected by inverted phase contrast microscope observation, fluorescence microscope observation, reverse transcription fluorescence quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and von Kossa staining at different time points after intervention. Results The titer of Ad-GDF-5 and Ad-GFP was 1.0 × 109 pfu/mL and 1.2 × 109 pfu/mL, respectively. hBMSCs was efficiently infected by Ad-GDF-5 and Ad-GFP, and expressed target gene and GFP gene. At 1-7 days after intervention, morphology and growth pattern of the hBMSCs in the experimental group and the osteogenic induction group were transformed into osteoblast-l ike cells, whereas the cells in the other two groups were still maintained their original morphology and growth pattern. Reverse transcription fluorescence quantitative PCR detection: at 4 days after intervention, GDF-5 expression in the experimental group was obviously higher than that of other groups (P lt; 0.05); ALP, Col I, and OC gene expression in the experimental and the osteogenic induction group were superior to those of theAd-GFP infection and the control group (P lt; 0.05); Col I gene expression in the osteogenic induction group was greater than that of the experimental group (P lt; 0.05). Immunofluorescence staining: at 4 days after intervention, the cells in the osteogenic induction group and the experimental group expressed and secreted Col I, and no expression of Col I was evident in the other two groups. At 10 days after intervention, the cells in the osteogenic induction and the experimental group were positive for von Kossa staining, and the results of the other two groups were negative. Conclusion GDF-5 gene can be transferred into hBMSCs via adenovirus vector and be expressed stably. It can facil itate the osteogenic differentiation of the hBMSCs and lay a foundation for the further study of this kind of gene transferred hBMSCs effect on bone tissue repair.
目的：替扎尼定是具有解痉作用的α２肾上腺能受体激动剂，并具有一定的胃肠道保护作用，适用于单一治疗或与非甾体消炎药（NSAIDs）联合治疗急性痉挛性疼痛。通过替扎尼定和非甾体类抗炎药物的联合应用，临床观察和评估联合用药能否增强疗效和增加安全性。方法：急性痉挛性疼痛70例，随机分为两组，一组服用替扎尼定2mg,bid+双氯芬酸50 mg,bid，一组服用双氯芬酸50 mg,bid+安慰剂2mg,bid。观察药物疗效和不良反应。结果：联用组的总有效率为70％，胃肠道不良反应发生率为12%,中枢神经系统不良反应发生率为18％；单用组的总有效率为56％，胃肠道不良反应发生率为32％，中枢神经系统不良反应发生率为10％。结论：替扎尼定和非甾体类药物联用具有更好的疗效以及更高的药物耐受性。