Objective To investigate the delay of the denervated skeletal muscle atrophy with the method of restraining the increment of the connective tissues by tetrandrine and hormone. Methods The left hind limbs of 42 male adult SD rats were made into models of the denervated gastrocnemius, and then the rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 14 rats in each. In Group A, tetrandrine (8 mg/L）was injected into the denervated gastrocnemius; in Group B, triamcinolone acetonide（1.6 g/L） was injected; in Group C (the control group),normal saline was injected. Enough samples were obtained according to the different observation indexes at 30 days after operation. Electromyography, muscle wet weight measurement, light microscopy,electron microscopy,and microimage analysis were performed. ResultsThe fibrillation potential amplitude was 0.195 8±0.041 9 μV in Group A and 0.185 2±0.050 3 μV in Group B, and there was no significant difference betweenthe two groups (Pgt;0.05). However,in Group C the fibrillation potential amplitude was 0.137 7±0.058 9μV. The fibrillation potential amplitude was significantly greater in Group A than in Group C（Plt;0.05）. The muscle wet weight was 1.740 0±0.415 9 g in Group A and 1.940 1±0.389 4 gin Group B, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(Pgt;0.05).However, in Group C the muscle wet weight was 0.800 0±0.100 0 g. The muscle wet weight was significantly greater in Group A than in Group C（Plt;0.05）.The microscopy showed that more remarkable atrophy occurred in the control group. The muscle fibers were more complete, thicker and larger, with more nuclei and clearer cross-lines. More connective tissue and flat cells could be observed in Groups A and B. The myogenic protein amount was 440.124 2±46.135 6 in Group A and 476.211 4±41.668 8in Group B, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(Pgt;0.05).However, in Group C the amount was 380.040 0±86.315 9.The myogenic protein amount was significantly greater in Group A thanin Group C（Plt;0.05）. The muscle fiber number, diameter, cross section, and connective tissue increment were all significantly greater in Group A than in Group C（Plt;0.05）; however, there wasno significant difference between Groups A and B (Pgt;0.05). The electron microscopy showed that there were more degeneration changes, such as muscle silk disorder, chondriosome disappearance, and hepatin reduction, could be observed inGroup C than in Groups A and B. Conclusion Tetrandrine and hormone can delay the denervated skeletal muscle atrophy by restraining the increment of the connective tissues.
Objective To observe the clinical manifestations and treatment of ocular myasthenia gravis. Methods The clinical manifestations, results of laboratory examination and thymic CT, and therapeutic data of 84 patients with ocular myasthenia gravis, hospitalized from July, 1998 to July, 2005, were retrospective ly analyzed. Results These patients were 2.5 to 70 years old. All of the patients had ptosis, includine 35.77% with diplopia 25% with strabismus; 1 with obnormal sphincter muscle and 1 with blurry vision.The positive rate of examination of AchR antibody was 27.6%, and abnormal rate of examination of thymic CT was 64.3%. The cure rate was 48.1% in oral administration with tabellae in whomdostigmini group, 66.7% in methylprednisolonum hormone therapy group, and 51.9%in thymectomy group. Conclusions Ocular myasthenia gravis is mostly involved levator palpebrae superiors and sometimes also involved other ocular muscles. Anticholinesterase medication, methylprednisolonum hormone therapy or thymec tomy are effective. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2006,22:379-381)
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women. The systematic therapy of breast cancer may affect the endometrium and ovarian function, such as abnormal endometrial hyperplasia and abnormal uterine bleeding caused by ovulation disorders. If we do not consider the patients suffering from breast cancer, we can use progesterone drugs to stop bleeding, regulate menstruation, and protect the endometrium. But there is no consistent conclusion on the safety of progesterone drugs in breast cancer patients. This article reviews the security of progesterone drugs in breast cancer survivors from the perspective of basic and clinical research. At present, whether the use of progesterone drugs in breast cancer survivors increases the risk of disease may be related to the type, dosage, and method of use of progesterone drugs. At the same time, it is also related to the type of breast cancer the patient has. Based on the available data, it is safe to use natural progesterone or dydrogesterone for the short term in patients with breast cancer. More studies are needed to evaluate other approaches.
Using radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunohistochemical LASB technique, the level of serum estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), progesterone (P), estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) in 30 male patients with gallstones were detected. The results showed that the level of serum P, E2/T and PR was higher. This suggests that the metabolic disorder of gonadal hormones play an important role in gallstone formation.
Objective To study the occurrence mechanism and the clinical practice feasibility of cases of cavum tympani natural shaping after partial radical mastoidectomy. Methods A total of 18 radical mastoidectomy cases between June, 1996 and June, 2006 were analyzed, and the relationship between pathological characteristics, operation-performing features as well as dressing change after the operation and the phenomenon of tympanic membrane regeneration and healing were studied. Results In 21 out of 46 cases, tympanic membrane was regenerated and healed after the operation, among which hearing recovered completely in 2 cases, noticeably improved in 6 cases, partly improved in 11 cases and not improved at all in 2 cases. Conclusion Attention paid to the protection of remnant tympanic membrane and middle ear biography tone structure in radical mastoidectomy, together with rational use of medication after the operation, can generally contribute to the natural regeneration and healing of the cavum tympani and obvious improvement of hearing.
Objective To explore the hormone medication compliance in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and analyze its influencing factors. Methods Between May and December 2013, 96 children were investigated by questionnaires about medication compliance when they were out of the hospital. Then we analyzed the influencing factors for medication compliance. All the data were analyzed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results Of these 96 children, medication nonadherence accounted for 52% (50). The main guardian, educational level of the father, educational level of the mother, residence, duration of illness, time of hospitalization, and understanding of the treatment plan played significant roles in causing different medication compliance among these children (P＜0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of illness [OR=2.204, 95%CI (1.253, 3.875), P=0.006], residence [OR=2.615, 95%CI (1.0 23, 6.687), P=0.045] and the mother’s educational level [OR=0.147, 95%CI (0.028, 0.788), P=0.025] were the independent factors for medication compliance. Conclusions According to the survey, hormone medication compliance in children with chronic kidney disease is not satisfying. We should strengthen the health education in children and their parents, and adopt specific interventions to enhance the medication compliance so as to effectively control the disease and delay the progression.
Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of different cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy (ET) for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CDK4/6i for the treatment of HR+/HER2− metastatic or advanced breast cancer were retrieved from databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed, with the search period ranging from database inception to August 2023. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted using R 4.2.0 software. Results A total of 18 RCTs from 25 articles, involving 8 031 patients and 11 treatment regimens, were included. There was no significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) among different CDK4/6i+ET combinations. The highest cumulative probability for PFS was observed with dalpiciclib (DAL)+fulvestrant (FUL), while ribociclib (RIB)+FUL ranked first for OS. In terms of efficacy, abemaciclib (ABE)+aromatase inhibitors (AI) and ABE+FUL ranked first in objective response rate and clinical benefit rate, respectively. Regarding safety, statistically significant difference in grade 3-4 adverse events was observed among certain types of CDK4/6i (P<0.05). Conclusion Current evidence suggests that CDK4/6i+ET is superior to ET alone for the treatment of HR+/HER2− advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Different CDK4/6i+ET combinations demonstrate comparable or similar efficacy; however, the incidence of adverse reactions is higher with combination therapy. Treatment regimens should be selected based on individual conditions.
Through searching and evaluating the evidence on advanced prostate cancer, we found that different types of androgen deprivation had similar effect, and immediate androgen deprivation had survival benefit. For the patient with hormone-refractory prostate cancer, therapies including mitoxantrone, prednisone, docetaxel and surmine were more effective. Strontium-89 provided more effective pain relief than external beam radiation. And bisphophonate had no effect. Antiandrogen withdrawal suggested prostate specific antigen would decline, but the clinical outcome wasn’t reported.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between hormone and liver regeneration.MethodsThe related literatures in recent years were collected and reviewed.ResultsHormone was related to liver regeneration significantly and participated the process of liver regeneration. It had a promotive or inhibitive role in liver regeneration.ConclusionHormone is one of the important factors in the regulation of liver regeneration.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Method Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were searched in Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2008), MEDLINE (1978-2008) and Clinical Evidence database. Search terms included Postmenopausal (post-menopausal) osteoporosis, therapy, vertebral fracture, hormone replacement therapy, randomized controlled trial, meta analysis, female,human. Result A total of 4 protocols were found in Cochrane Library and a meta-analyse was found in MEDLINE. The result demonstrated that both cancellous and cortical bone mineral density increased after HRT. Statistically significant reductions in the risk of vertebral and non-vertebral fracture were also found. Conclusion HRT can reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture by increasing bone density. However, other disease and adverse event were also associated with the BMD increase. Therefore, both advantage and disadvantage should be considered before applying HRT therapy to postmenopausal osteoporosis patients.