Objective To observe the clinical manifestations and feat ures of fundus fluorescein angiograms(FFA)of patients with multifocal choroiditis (MFC)MethodThe data of 8 patients who had been diagnosed by clinic and FFA as with MFC were collected, and their clinical manifestatio ns and results of FFA were analyzed and valued.ResultsThe age of the 7 female and 1 male patients ranged from 16 to 32, and all of the 8 patients had high myopia (from -6.00 D to -8.00 D) with binocular multiple small yellowish white lesions in posterior pole of the fundus and a few phlogistic ce lls in vitreous body. In addition, macular choroidal neovascularization membrane (CNV) was found in 6 patients, binocular in 2 and monocular in 4. The results of FFA in 7 patients showed hypofluorescence of the yellowish white lesions at t he early phase and pigmentation at the late phase; Corresponding manifestations of FFA could be found in the patients attended by CNV surrounded by leakage.ConclusionMFC are mostly diagnosed in young females with myopia. Most of the patients had binocular affection with multiple small yellowish white lesions at the posterior pole, whose FFA shows hypofluoresence of the active lesions at the early phase and pigmentation at the late phase. CNV may occur in patients with MFC.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：335－338)
Objective To icompare the effects of indocyanine green angiography(ICGA) on ganzfeld Electroretinogram(ERG). Methods ICGA was performed used the Topcon 50IA retina camera, Ganzfeld ERG was recorded by Neuropack Ⅱ evoked response recorder. The Ganzfeld ERG was recorded before and after ICGA in 20 cases (38 e yes) with different diseases , Ganzfeld ERG was recorded according to the ISCEV standard recommendations. Results ICGA did neither affect Ganzfeld ERG a-wave and b-wave latency nor amplitudes of dark adaptation, maximum response and light adaptation.(Pgt;0.05). Conclusion ICGA using the Topcon 50IA could be performed prior to the recording of the Ganzfeld ERG. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:284-285)
Objective To analyse the indocyanine green angiographic findings in contralateral eyes of patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration(AMD). Methods Fundus photograph,fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) and indocyanine green angiography(ICGA) were performed in a series of 70 patients with unilateral AMD and drusens and pigmentary changes in the macular region in contralateral eyes.The findings of fluoroangiograms were observed and analysed. Results ICGA revealed the characteristics of the contralateral eyes as follows:(1)Drusen could be hypofluorescent,hyperfluorescent or normal fluorescent;(2)14 eyes revealed plaque-like late hyperfluorescent;(3)13 eyes revealed choroidal filling defect;(4)18 eyes revealed pindot-like clusters of late hyperfluorescence. Conclusion ICGA is useful in evaluating the lesions and circulation disturbance of the contralateral eye,and may help to find the risk factors of developing future exudative changes. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 216-218)
Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of prepapillary and preretinal vascular loops. Methods The clinical manifestation, results of the fundus fluorescein angiography, and the prognosis of 20 cases(24 eyes) with prepapillary and preretinal vascual loops were analyzed retrospectively. Results 66.7% of prepapillary and preretinal vascular loops were involved in one eye, and 95.8% of vascular loops were located within one optic disc diameter. There were different configuration types of the vascular loops. Among 20 cases(24 eyes) of the vascular loops, 70.8%(17 eyes) were arterial, 12.5%(3 eyes) were venous, and 16.7%(4 eyes) were both arterial and venous. 62.5% of eyes with prepapillary and preretinal vascular loops were associated with other congenital and developmental anomalies of retinal vascular vessels. Conclusion Most PRVL are arterial and superior to the optic disc. The serious distortion of the vascular loops may result in disturbance of blood flow in artery and retinal hemorrhage, which cause visual loss. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 1999, 15: 9-11)
Objective To observe the imaging features of ultra-wide field short wave fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF) in eyes with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), and analysis the correspondence to conventional images. Methods It was a retrospective case series study. Thirteen patients (14 eyes) diagnosed with MEWDS were enrolled. There were 12 females and 1 male, aged from 22 to 57 years, mean age was 34.5 years. All the eyes underwent fundus color photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and ultra-wide field autofluorescence (FAF). Simultaneous fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed in 6 eyes. The characteristic changes of SW-FAF in studied eyes were observed and compared with the images of FFA and ICGA. All the eyes were followed up every 1 to 2 weeks, with an average of 16.7 weeks. The characteristic images of SW-FAF and corresponding OCT were studied during follow up. Results MEWDS presented with numerous multiple hyper-autofluorescent spots, sized from 50-500 μm, with a vague boundary in ultra-wide field SW-FAF. These spots located mainly at the peripapillary area and the posterior pole with a confluent pattern. The lesions extended to the mid-peripheral retina as well and became more scattered. The distribution of the hyper-autofluorescent lesions in SW-FAF corresponded roughly to that of the greyish-white spots seen in color photograph and the hyper-fluorescent spots detected by FFA. It was consistent with the distribution of hypo-fluorescent spots in late-phase ICGA as well. But the number of the spot showed in FAF is much more than that in FFA, and slightly less than that in ICGA. The OCT scans through the hyper-autofluorescent lesions in SW-FAF showed impairment of outer retina. After the recovery, the hyper-autofluorescent spots disappeared with the outer retina structure repaired completely. Conclusions MEWDS presented with numerous multiple hyper-autofluorescent spots which located mainly at the peripapillary area in ultra-wide field SW-FAF. The distribution of the hyper-autofluorescent lesions in SW-FAF corresponded roughly to color photograph, FFA and ICGA in late-phase. The OCT scans through the hyper-autofluorescent lesions in SW-FAF showed impairment of outer retina.
Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (PICC) is a common pathological change observed in high myopia. The exact pathogenesis of PICC is still unclear. Expansion and mechanical stretching of the peripapillary sclera, breakage and defect in the retina near the border of the myopic conus and communication between intrachoroidal cavity and the vitreous space may be important segments during the development of PICC. Color fundus photography shows a localized and well-circumscribed peripapillary lesion with yellow-orange colour, often accompanied by fundus changes, such as myopic conus excavation, optic disc tilting and inferotemporal retinal vein bending at the transition from the PICC to the myopic conus. However, the PICC lesion is not easy to be recognized in the fundus photography. Fluorescein angiography shows early hypofluorescence and later progressively staining in the lesion. Indocyanine green angiography shows hypofluorescence throughout the examination. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is vital in diagnosing PICC. Hyporeflective cavities inside the choroid, sometimes communicating with the vitreous chamber, can be observed in OCT images. OCT angiography indicates lower vessel density or even absence of choriocapillary network inside or around PICC lesions.
Objective To evaluate the clinical characters of retinal arterial macoraneurysms. Methods The routine eye examination and fundus fluorescein angiography in 15 cases with macroraneurysms were reviewed. Results The macroaneurysms in the first, second and third bifurcation were 6,7 and 2 cases respectively.The macroaneurysms in the superio-temporal and inferio-temporal artery were 4 and 10 cases respectively.There was on case in both superio and inferio-temporal artery.The number of macroaneurysms was single in unitary-form were 13 cases.The diameter of the macroaneurysms were between 250～500 mu;m. Conclusions The FFA is helpful in diagnosis of macroaneurysms,and treatmnet of laser photocoagulation for the bleeding endangering the macular area. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2001,17:207-209
ObjectiveTo observe the imaging features of branching vascular network (BVN) in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). MethodsEighty PCV patients (90 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The patients included 58 males and 22 females. The age was ranged from 49 to 85 years, with a mean age of 61.4 years. All the patients were examined for fundus photography, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The fibrovascular retinal pigment epithelium detachment (PED) was defined as a well-demarcated subretinal heterogeneous plaque with increasing fluorescence on FFA. The late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque was defined as a well-demarcated lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque on late phase ICGA. The double-layer sign on OCT was defined as a wide range of shallow PED from Bruch membrane. ResultsBVN were found on early ICGA in 76 eyes among the 90 eyes (84.4%). Among these 76 eyes, 18 eyes (23.7%) demonstrated the subretinal reddish-orange branches corresponding to BVN. Fifty-six eyes (73.7%) demonstrated all or part of the BVN on early FFA. Three eyes (3.9%) demonstrated branching transmitted fluorescence corresponding to BVN throughout the FFA. Seventy-three eyes (96.1%) were manifested by occult choroidal vascularization on FFA, and 21 eyes (27.6%) of them were fibrovascular PED. Among the 76 eyes with BVN, all BVN appeared earlier than polypoidal lesions on ICGA. Polypoidal lesions located on the terminal of BVN in 62 eyes (81.6%). Sixty-nine eyes (90.8%) on ICGA demonstrated the late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque, whose area was equal to or greater than the area of BVN shown on early ICGA. Seventy-two eyes (94.7%) had the double-layer sign. Among these 72 eyes, 15 eyes (20.8%) had lumen-like structure within the double-layer sign. Sixty-five eyes (90.3%) had punctate and linear hyper-reflectance within the double-layer sign. Two eyes (2.8%) demonstrated a hyporeflective short segment and a gap of Bruch membrane on OCT corresponding to the origin of the BVN. Sixty-three eyes (87.5%) had an area of double-layer sign that matched the area of late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque on ICGA. ConclusionsBVN in PCV can be noted as reddish-orange branches on fundus examination. Most of the BVN are shown as early branching transmitted fluorescence but collectively an occult choroidal vascularization on FFA, as lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque on late ICGA, and as double-layer sign on OCT whose area matches late lichenoid hyperfluorescent plaque.
Objective Observation on the characteristics of choroidal melanomas with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and fundus fluorescsin angiography(FFA). Methods Both ICGA and FFA were used in 16 cases of choroidal melanoma for comparison and analysis. Results 81.2% of tumors showed hypofluorescence all the way or faint fluorescence in later stage．62.6% of tumors had characteristic intrinsic tumor vassels with ICGA,while 12.5% of tumors had intrinsic vessels with FFA．Those tumors that can't be diagnosed owing to whole hyperfluorescence in later stage with FFA may be diagnosed by visibility of intrinsic tumor vessels with ICGA. Conclusion ICGA is helpful in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2000，16：3-5)
Objective To observe the autofluorescence of dated fundus hemorrhage excited by the excitaton light with different wavelength. Methods A total of 23 patients (23 eyes) with dated fundus hemorrhage were observed. The blue light under the fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) mode of Topcon 50IA fundus camera was the excitation light, and the whiteandblack images of 4 patients and colorized images of 16 patients were collected, respectively. The autofluorescence of dated fundus hemorrhage in other 3 patients was observed by excitation of scanning laser with the wavelength of 488 nm and 795 nm emitted from Heidelberg retina angiography apparatus (HRA2). Results The black and white images showed the b red autofuorescence of dated fundus hemorrhage in 4 patients, while the colorized ones revealed the red autofluorescence in 16 patients. The hemorrhage autofluorescence could be also excited by blue laser (488 nm) and infrared laser (795 nm) using HRA2, but with different extent and intensity. Conclusions Due to the complex composition of dated fundus hemorrhage, different excitation light can excite the autofuorescence with different wavelength.