Ocular trauma is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in children. Among the patients with eye trauma in China, 15%-20% are children. The complexity of diagnosis and treatment and the uncertainty of prognosis are high because the ocular tissue of children is not fully developed and the history collection and examination are difficult. In order to further standardize the treatment of children's eye trauma and improve the treatment level, China Ocular Trauma Society has formulated Expert consensus of the treatment of pediatric ocular trauma in China by combining domestic and foreign literature and the actual medical situation in China. This consensus provides detailed recommendations on the classification, cause of injury, history collection, examination methods, diagnosis and treatment principles of pediatric eye trauma. This consensus applies to Chinese ophthalmologists and medical personnel engaged in the treatment of children's eye trauma, aiming to provide scientific guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of children's eye trauma, assist clinical decision-making, and further improve the treatment level of children's eye trauma in China.
Maculopathy caused by various fundus diseases in the late stage is a common cause of low vision. Medical technology is difficult to reverse the loss of macular function currently, so interventions that help improve the visual system, utilize residual visual function, and improve quality of life deserve attention. Damage to the fovea of the macula does not mean that the entire retinal function is impaired. There may be one or more retinal regions adjacent to the fovea that can serve as a fixation center. It is possible to form stable paracentral fixation, complete functional remodeling of the visual system, and effectively utilize residual visual function by taking appropriate training on these potential paracentral fixation points for most patients. In 2021, a clinical guideline has been published for low vision rehabilitation in China. In order to strengthen the precise management of diseases and develop a standard operating procedure for visual training specifically for patients with low vision due to macular disease, the National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases initiated and organized relevant domestic experts, utilizing the latest research experience at home and abroad, and through repeated discussions, this consensus (International Practice Guideline Registration Number: PREPARE-2023CN199) was formed as a reference for ophthalmologists, optometrists and rehabilitation physicians in their clinical research and practice.
Clinical trials are the most reliable means for scientifically rigorous evaluation of the efficacy and safety of drugs, and are the most crucial part receiving the most investment in development and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. In recent years, the nation has formulated a set of policies and guiding principles to encourage pharmaceutical innovation, promote the independent innovation of China’s pharmaceutical industry and enhance clinical trial capacity. To further improve Chinese researchers’ ability to perform clinical trials, the National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases invited a multi-disciplinary team of experts from various areas including clinical trial methodology and supervision to work on this consensus. In view of the common concern and puzzles regarding the issues in clinical trials, such as recruitment and retention of participants, outcome selection, quality control, information technology application, and ethics in data security, the expert consensus is based on domestic and international guidelines, the latest advancement of clinical research, and the advice and opinions from national experts. It aims to provide reference information and guidance for clinical trial researchers, and serves as a reference for relevant authorities to formulate clinical trial management policies.
Families are important venues for nutritional management of the elderly, and there is an increasing demand for continuous nutritional management services from hospital to home. It has been 7 years since the publication of the "Chinese expert consensus on home nutrition administration for the elderly (2017 edition)", and with the publication of more research evidence and the practice of home nutrition administration, there is an urgent need to update the 2017 edition of the consensus. A total of 35 recommendations or consensus opinions have been proposed in this consensus update, aiming to guide grassroots related professionals to provide scientific, reasonable and standardized home nutrition management services for the elderly population at home or in the community.
Choroideremia (CHM) is a rare X-linked recessive genetic inherited degeneration. Affected males present with progressively worsening night blindness, visual field loss, and decreased central vision, which can cause blindness in middle age. Although female carriers typically exhibit mild symptoms, it is essential to understand their clinical features for early diagnosis of patients as well as genetic counseling of family members. The pathogenesis of CHM remains incompletely understood, and currently there is no approved effective treatment. To enhance clinicians’ comprehension of CHM and establish standardized clinical approaches to its diagnosis and management, the Chinese Hereditary Ocular Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Group and the Chinese Hereditary Ocular Disease Alliance assembled authoritative experts, through in-depth discussions, formed China's standardized recommedations for the on clinical diagnosis and treatment of CHM. The purpose of this advice is to provide a standardized diagnostic framework, monitoring indicators, and an integrated management strategy for clinicians to use in practice, thereby optimizing the care and genetic guidance for patients with CHM.
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes and a major cause of blindness in adults. Early screening is an effective way to reduce blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy. The diabetic retinopathy is one of the chronic retinal diseases highlighted in the “14th Five-Year” National Eye Health Plan (2021-2025). The establishment of effective and practical community screening model is a powerful guarantee to complete early screening. It is of great significance to standardize screening methods, screening personnel duties, equipment allocation, referral conditions and screening sustainability. Chinese fundus disease and related field experts developed the consensus through a serious, comprehensive, and complete discussion, to provide more reference for establishing a suitable community screening model of diabetic retinopathy and increasing the screening rate of diabetic retinopathy.
Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome (ARN) is a severe, vision-threatening ocular disease caused by herpesvirus infections. It is characterized by abrupt onset and rapid progression, often leading to irreversible visual impairment due to complications in the affected eye such as rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, optic atrophy, and intractable hypotony—and potential involvement of the fellow eye if not promptly diagnosed and treated. As ARN is relatively uncommon, many ophthalmologists lack sufficient experience in diagnosing ARN. In addition, its management is complex, typically involving antiviral therapy, corticosteroids, and vitrectomy. Currently, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to ARN in hospitals across China are largely based on individual clinical experience, underscoring the urgent need for a standardized clinical protocol. To address this, the Fundus Diseases Group in Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and the Professional Committee of Fundus Diseases in Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association have jointly developed Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The consensus is informed by a comprehensive review of the literature, the latest clinical research findings, and consideration of the current socio-economic context in China. Following multiple rounds of expert review and revision, the final version has been completed. This document provides a detailed account of ARN, covering clinical manifestations, imaging and etiological assessments, diagnostic and differential diagnostic criteria, as well as medical and surgical treatment strategies. It is intended to serve as a practical guide for both subspecialized and general ophthalmologists. Developed in accordance with the principles of evidence-based medicine and adapted to China's clinical realities, the consensus offers practical guidance for the diagnosis and management of ARN. While the proposed clinical pathway is designed to meet the needs of most patients, clinicians are encouraged to tailor treatment plans based on individual patient factors, including disease severity, therapeutic options, and economic considerations.
Female pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a common disease affecting women's quality of life, especially in older women. The establishment and application of multimodal evaluation system is the key to the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of PFD. The purpose of this expert consensus is to provide a comprehensive, multi-layered assessment framework that includes clinical examinations, imaging examinations, biomechanical tests, and questionnaires to comprehensively assess pelvic floor function in women. By integrating different assessment methods, we aim to improve the early identification and diagnostic accuracy of PFD, so that personalized treatment can be developed to improve patient outcomes. The consensus also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various assessment techniques and suggests directions for future research and clinical applications.