Objective To study the relationship between the expression of apoptosisrelated gene bclx,bax and estrogen receptor (ER) in primary gallbladder carcinoma (PGC) and its clinical significance. MethodsImmunohistochemistry of labeled dextran polymer (LDP) with EnvisionTM system was used to detect ER and gene bclx and bax. ResultsThe positive rate of bclx,bax and ER were 72.3%,66.0% and 59.6% in 47 cases with primary gallbladder carcinoma and 40.0%,93.3% and 93.3% in 6 cases with gallbladder adenomahyperplastic. The expression of bax and ER in PGC was significantly lower than that in gallbladder adenomahyperplastic (P＜0.05),the expression of bclx was significantly higher in PGC than that in the latter (P＜0.05).The expression of bclx and ER in well differentiated PGC was significantly higher than that in moderately, poorly differentiated PGC (P＜0.05); bax expression in well differentiated PGC was lower. ER and bax expression in male PGC was significantly lower than that in female PGC （P＜0.01）, the expression of bclx in male PGC was higher (P＜0.05).ER was more highly expressed in smaller PGC than in larger one (P＜0.05). ER and bax, bclx were not different between various clinical stages and ages (P＞0.05,respectively). Conclusion The expression ER, apoptosisrelated gene bclx and bax have correlation with differentiation and sex in PGC, their levels shows significance in the prognosis of PGC.
Objective To explore the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in estrogen-induced proliferation of endometrial cancer, and explore whether metformin inhibits the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells through ERα and ERβ. Methods Stable transfected Ishikawa cells were constructed by lentivirus. The effects of down-regulated ERα and ERβ on estrogen-induced Ishikawa cell proliferation were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. The effects of down-regulated ERα and ERβ on estrogen-induced Ishikawa cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays were used to detect changes in the expression of cyclinD1 and P21 involved in cell cycle regulation. The effects of down-regulated ERα and ERβ on estrogen-induced Ishikawa cell proliferation were observed by adding metformin to estrogen treatment. Results Down-regulation of ERα inhibited the proliferation and cell cycle of Ishikawa cells (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERα also inhibited the expression of cyclinD1 and promoted the expression of P21 (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERα counteracted the effect of estrogen-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle, and the expression changes of cyclinD1 and P21 (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERβ promoted the proliferation and cell cycle of Ishikawa cells (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERβ also promoted the expression of cyclinD1 and inhibited the expression of P21 (P<0.05). Down-regulation of ERβ enhanced the effect of estrogen-induced cell proliferation, cell cycle, and the expression changes of cyclinD1 and P21 (P<0.05). Metformin inhibited the proliferation of estrogen-induced Ishikawa cells (P<0.05), while in the down-regulated ERα Ishikawa cells or down-regulated ERβ Ishikawa cells, the inhibition of metformin on Ishikawa cells disappeared (P<0.05). Conclusions ERα may promote estrogen-induced proliferation of endometrial cancer cells, while ERβ may inhibit estrogen-induced proliferation of endometrial cancer cells. In addition, ERα and ERβ may also mediate the inhibitory effect of metformin on endometrial cancer cells.
We determined estrogen receptor (ER), estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in the tissue of 50 gastric carcinomas ans 20 benign stomach diseases. The result showed that the positive rate of ER was 32.0% in gastric cancerous tissue, in which the poorly-differentiated type was higher than that of the well-differentiated type (Plt;0.05)，and still higher in BorrmannⅢ、Ⅳ types than in Borrmann Ⅰ、Ⅱ types (Plt;0.01). The determination of Er is significant for the estimation of prognosis ans endocrinal therapy after operation. E2 content showed no obvious difference betweenn gastric carcinoma, benign somach diseases ans normal gastric mucose, but T level and T/E2 ratio in gastric cancer were much higher than those in benign stomach diseases and normal gastric mucosa (Plt;0.05). IT suggested that the imbalance of E2 and T contents may related the occurence of gatric carcinoma. The E2 and T level showed no obvious difference between ER+ and ER- in gastric cancerous tissue.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of exogenous estrogen receptor β1 (ERβ1) gene on the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as well as the changes of proliferation ability in MDA-MB-231 cell line by transfecting recombinant eukaryotic expressing vector containing ERβ1 cDNA into human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell. MethodsRecombinant eukaryotic expressing vector containing ERβ1 cDNA was transfected into human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by using cationic liposome as transfecting agent (acted as pcDNA3.1ERβ1 transfection group), empty vector group and non-transfection group acted as controls. The expression levels in both the mRNA and protein of both the ERβ1 and hTERT were tested by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The change of proliferation ability in MDA-MB-231 cell was displayed by cell growth curve, and the change of cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. ResultsThe expression level of ERβ1 mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.449±0.077) significantly increased as compared with the nontransfection group (0.153±0.035) or the empty vector group (0.160±0.020), P=0.001 or P=0.000. The expression level of ERβ1 protein in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.847±0.065) significantly increased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.356±0.050) or the empty vector group (0.390±0.030), P=0.001 or P=0.000. The expression level of hTERT mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.127±0.020) significantly decreased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.283±0.025) or the empty vector group (0.283±0.049), P=0.001 or P=0.002. The expression level of hTERT protein in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.147±0.023) significantly decreased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.783±0.025) or the empty vector group (0.802±0.019), P=0.001 or P=0.002. The rate of cell apoptosis in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group 〔(6.15±0.94)%〕 was higher than that in the non-transfection group 〔(1.41±0.42)%〕， P=0.001. Cell proliferation curve showed that proliferation ability significantly decreased in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfected groups as compared with the non-transfection group (Plt;0.05). ConclusionERβ1 could inhibit cell growth of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by down-regulating the expression of hTERT.
Objective To investigate the express of ERβ protein in female slow transit constipation (STC) patients. Methods Immunohistochemistry and Western blot technique were used to detect the distribution and expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) protein of 20 patients with STC and 20 aged-matched controls. Results ERβ expressions were detected in mucous layer, myenteric nerve plexus and submucous nerve plexus in two groups. In comparison with the control group, the expression of ERβ protein of STC group was much lower (Plt;0.01). The expression of ERβ protein of sigmoid colon in STC group was significantly lower than that in control group (Plt;0.05). Conclusion The expression of ERβ protein decreased in myenteric and submucous nerve plexus of sigmoid colon tissues may involve in the pathogenesis of STC.
The overexpression of C-erb B-2 oncogene in breast cancer was examined in 245 cases with immunohistochemical techniques.The results showed that:①Significant associations of C-erb B-2 overexpression with high histological grade (Ｐ＜0.05), positive axillary node status (Ｐ＜0.05)， advanced clinical stage (Ｐ＜0.05) and the absence of hormone receptor(Ｐ＜0.05) were identified in breast cancer.②Overexpression of C-erb B-2 oncogene was related with 5-year and 10-year survival rate, and considered as a prognostic factor for breast cancer independent of axillary node status. Detection of C-erb B-2 oncogene overexpression could be arranged as a regular pathological examination in breast cancer.Combined with axillary node and estrogen receptor, progestin receptor status, the results can be used in determining the prognosis and planing the treatment programme in breast cancer.
Objective To study the relations between the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and tumor infiltration and metastasis in thyroid carcinoma. Methods By using immunohistochemical staining (SABC method), the expressions of ER and PR in 100 cases of thyroid carcinomas and 28 cases of benign thyroid lesions were studied. Results The positive rate of ER and PR expressions were 67.0% and 62.0% respectively in thyroid carcinomas, they had correlation with cell differentiation and type of histology but positive expressions did not relate to age and sex. The positive rate of ER and PR in the non-metastasized group was 75.4% and 70.5%, significantly higher than that of the metastasized group in which were 53.8% and 48.7% (Ｐ＜0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that the expressions of ER and PR are related to tumor differentiation and may indicate a poor prognosis.
Biodistribution of125I-labeled 17α-vinyestradiol-3-acetate (125I-VE2A)in nude mice bearing human breast cancer containing different estrogen receptor (ER) content was studied to understand the relation between this compound and ER and, consequently, to develop the ER imaging. Each mouse was injected with 92.5 kBq tracer from tail vein and then killed after two hours. The radioactivity uptake rate in one gram of tumor tissue and tissues from other vital organs were measured, and the radioactivity uptake ratio of tumor to nontumor tissue was also measured. Results: The radioactivity uptake rate and the radioactivity uptake ratio of tumor to nontumor tissue in ER positive tumor (MCF-7) were much higher than those in ER negative tumor (MDA-MB-231). Conclusions: This compound, IVE2A has affinity to ER positive target organ or tumor and promise the probability to define the content and site of ER in vivo or in tumor.
Objective To explore the effect of toremifene on estrogen receptor （ER） expression and tumor micro-angiogenesis in rat Lewis lung carcinoma. Methods Cell suspension of rat Lewis lung carcinoma was implanted into 40 female Wistar rats subcutaneously. The rats were randomly divided into a control group，a estradiol group （0.006 mg/mL），a low dose toremifene group （0.25 mg/mL） and a high dose toremifene group （5 mg/mL）. Tumor size was measured every 3 days and the tumor growth curve was charted. On 15th day，the tumor weight and the growth inhibition rate were measured. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of estrogen receptor α （ERα），estrogen receptor β （ERβ），vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF），and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 （PECAM-1）. Integral optical density （IOD） of ERα，ERβ and VEGF was calculated by image analysis software. Quantitative method of Weidner with PECAM-1 was employed for microvessel density （MVD） count. Results Tumor size of the four groups all presented a quadratic function growth trend with time （Plt;0.05）. Tumor growth speed was slower in toremifene groups of low and high doses than that in the control group and the estradiol group. The growth inhibition rate of the estradiol group，the low dose toremifene group and the high dose toremifene group was －15.1%，22.6%，and 45.1%，respectively. The expressions of ERα，VEGF，and MVD in the estradiol group were significantly higher than those in the control group，the low dose toremifene group and the high dose toremifene group （all Plt;0.05）. The expressions of ERα，VEGF，and MVD in the low dose toremifene group were significantly lower than those in control group，but higher than those in high dose toremifene group （all Plt;0.05）.The expression of ERα was positively related to VEGF （r=0.664，Plt;0.05） and MVD（r=0.593，Plt;0.05）. Conclusion Toremifene can inhibit tumor growth，which maybe involved in inhibiting ERα mediated VEGF expression.
Objective To investigate the expressions of C-erbB-2, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in breast cancer tissues and to explore their relationship with patients-age, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histopathological type and the stage of cancer. Methods The expressions of C-erbB-2, ER and PR in 83 cases of breast cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and the clinical significance was statistically analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of C-erbB-2, ER and PR in 83 cases of breast cancer tissues were 78.3%, 56.6% and 55.4%, respectively. The expressions of C-erbB-2, ER and PR were not correlated to patients’ age, tumor size, histopathological type and the stage of cancer (Pgt;0.05). While the expression of C-erbB-2 rather than ER and PR was correlated to lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05) and the correlation was positive (r=0.387, P＜0.05). Conclusion The positive expression of C-erbB-2 is one of lymph node metastasis factors for breast cancer patients. Combined detection of ER and PR expression may be helpful to clinical treatment and predict prognosis for breast cancer patients.