Objective To systematically review the epidemic trend and disease burden of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population and to provide references for formulating reasonable prevention and treatment measures and allocating health resources. Methods Based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, we analyzed the morbidity, mortality, disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and normalized rates for ischemic stroke in China from 1990 to 2019 and evaluated the changes in the disease burden by sex and age group. Meanwhile, joinpoint regression model was constructed to analyze the time trend change in each stage during the study period. Results Compared with 1990, the incidence, mortality and DALY rate of ischemic stroke in China increased by 171.68%, 125.60% and 98.60% in 2019, among which the incidence, mortality and DALY rate of males increased by 184.29%, 148.96% and 115.16%, respectively; the morbidity, mortality and DALY rates of females increased by 160.9%, 101.32% and 81.44%, respectively. The age-standardized incidence increased by 34.70%, while the age-standardized mortality and age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 3.33% and 4.02%, respectively; the age-standardized incidence, mortality and DALY rates of males increased by 39.52%, 8.03% and 3.68%, respectively; the age-standardized incidence rate of females increased by 31.40%, while the age-standardized mortality rate and age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 14.02% and 11.53%, respectively. In 2019, both the mortality rate and DALY rate due to ischemic stroke increased with age, and the highest rate was found in the population over 85 years old. Males over 60 years old were significantly than females. In the 55-84 age group, the incidence of ischemic stroke in females was higher than that in males, while in the 85 and above age group, the incidence of ischemic stroke in females was lower than that in males. The AAPC of age-standardized incidence, age-standardized mortality, and age-standardized DALY rates due to ischemic stroke from 1990 to 2019 were 1.06% (95%CI 1.00% to 1.11%), 0.01% (95%CI −0.45% to 0.48%) and −0.16% (95%CI −0.53% to 0.22%), respectively. All indicators of the AAPC for males were higher than those for females. ConclusionThe curvent age-standardized mortality and DALY rate of ischemic stroke in China have decreased slightly compared with 1990. The crude mortality, morbidity and disease burden have significantly increased. All indicators of the AAPC for males were higher than those for females. To reduce the epidemic trend and disease burden of ischemic stroke, reasonable prevention and treatment measures and rational allocation of health resources should be made according to sex and age.
Objective To analyze the trend of changes in the burden of liver cancer diseases attributed to alcohol consumption in China from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data on liver cancer burden attributed to drinking in China from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the global burden of disease 2019. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trend of disease burden, and age-period-cohort model was used to evaluate age, period, and cohort effects. Results From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rate of liver cancer attributable to drinking among the total population, men and women showed a downward trend. The AAPC was −2.52% (95%CI −2.83% to −2.21%), 3.26% (95%CI −3.62% to −2.89%) and −2.24% (95%CI −2.61% to −1.86%), respectively; The standardized mortality rates showed a decreasing trend, with AAPC values of −2.86% (95%CI −3.46% to −2.26%), −3.48% (95%CI −4.20% to −2.76%), and −2.67% (95%CI −2.99% to −2.34%), respectively; The standardized DALY rates showed a downward trend, with AAPC values of −3.09% (95%CI −3.65% to −2.53%), −2.92% (95%CI −3.25% to −2.58%), and −3.77 (95%CI −4.21% to −3.31%), respectively. The trend changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). From 1990 to 2019, the overall risk of liver cancer incidence and death attributed to drinking in China, both in males and females, showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with age; As the period increased, both the overall population and the male population showed a downward trend, followed by an upward trend, while the female population remained relatively stable; The lower the risk of liver cancer incidence and death attributed to drinking as the queue progressed. Conclusion The standardized incidence rate, mortality and DALY rates of liver cancer attributable to drinking in China are generally declining, we should strengthen health education and early diagnosis and treatment for both male and elderly people to reduce the burden of liver cancer.
Objective To analyze the characteristic and temporal trend in mortality and disease burden of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other forms of dementia in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2019, and estimate the disease burden attributable to smoking to provide evidence for promoting local health policy of prevention and intervention of dementia. Methods Based on the data of Guangzhou surveillance point of the National Mortality Surveillance System (NMSS), the crude mortality, standardized mortality, years of life lost (YLL) of AD and other dementia were calculated. The indirect method was used to estimate years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY).The distribution and changing trends of the index rates were compared from 2008 to 2019 using Joinpoint Regression Program. Based on the data of Guangzhou Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Monitoring System in 2013, the indexes of disease burden of AD and other forms of dementia attributable to smoking in 2018 was calculated. Results The standardized mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate of AD and other forms of dementia in Guangzhou increased from 0.45/100 000, 0.05‰, 0.02‰ and 0.07 ‰ in 2008 to 1.28/100 000, 0.15‰, 0.07‰ and 0.22‰ in 2019, respectively. The average annual changing trend was statistically significant (AAPC=11.30%, 13.09%, 13.09%, 13.09%, P<0.001）. In most years, the mortality and disease burden of women were higher than those of men, but men had higher growing trend than women in standardized mortality rate, YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate from 2008 to 2019, with a slower growing speed after the year 2012.The disease burden of dementia attributable to smoking in men was significantly higher than that in women. Conclusion The mortality and disease burden of AD and other forms of dementia in Guangzhou have dramatically increased over the past twelve years. Intervention against modifiable factors such as smoking, and prevention and screening for dementia in key populations should be strengthened. Support policies for dementia care management should be adopted to reduce the disease burden caused by premature death and disability.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the prevalence and disease burden of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in China.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were searched to collect cross-sectional studies about the prevalence and disease burden of KOA in China from January 1st 1995 to August 31st 2017. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed by using R statistical software.ResultsA total of thirty-three studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed the prevalance rate of KOA was 18% (95%CI 14% to 22%), and it was higher in women (19%, 95%CI 16% to 23%) than in men (11%, 95%CI 9% to 13%) (P<0.05). The prevalence rates of KOA in different regions were as follows: 11% (95%CI 8% to 14%) in north, 17% (95%CI 15% to 20%) in north-east, 21% (95%CI 13% to 32%) in east, 21% (95%CI 13% to 33%) in north-west, 22% (95%CI 6% to 57%) in south-west, and 18% (95%CI 13% to 23%) in south-central, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of KOA in China is high, and the disease burden is heavy. Due to the quantity and quality of included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the above conclusions in future.
ObjectiveThis study intends to analyze the changing disease burden of mood disorders in China from 1990 to 2021 and project the epidemiological trends in the next two decades. MethodsThis study uses data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database on three mood disorders in China (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and dysthymia) from 1990 to 2021. The indicators such as age-standardized number of diseases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used to explore the characteristics of time, gender, and age distribution of the disease burden of mental disorders. The BAPC model was used to predict the disease burden in the next two decades. ResultsIn 2021, the number of cases of dysthymia, MDD, and BD in China was 27.84 million, 26.0 million, and 2.85 million, with an increase of 73.24%, 38.33%, and 36.79% compared with 1990, respectively. In 2021, DALYs of dysthymic disorder, MDD and BD were 2.67 million, 5.2 million and 0.61 million person-years, which increased by 71.45%, 34.29% and 34.76% compared with 1990, respectively. The burden of mood disorders is heavier among women and the middle-aged and elderly population. In addition, it is expected that ASPR and ASDR of dysthymia will continue to increase after a brief decline, MDD will show a downward trend, while BD will show a slight upward trend in the next two decades. ConclusionThe disease burden of mood disorders in China remains substantial, with dysthymia and BD showing persistent upward tendency. More resources should be invested in mental health care.
Objective To evaluate the disease burden of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 and to provide references for the prevention and control of acne vulgaris in China. MethodsThe quantity of incidences/illnesses, age-standardized incidence/prevalence rates, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and DALY rate of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 which were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 were evaluated. The epidemiological trends, age-birth-cohort trends, and the relationship between the incidence and sociodemographic index (SDI) were also analyzed. Results In 2019, the prevalence and incidence of acne vulgaris in China were higher than the global average. The quantity of patients was slightly higher in 2019 than that in 1990 (3.91%), and the prevalence, incidence, and DALY rate showed a continuous growth trend. The incidence of acne vulgaris peaked at 10 to 14 years old. Acne vulgaris mostly affected young males, and its prevalence peaked at approximately 15 to 19 years old. With these two age groups as the boundary, there was a trend of the prevalence of acne vulgaris increasing initially and then decreasing. Obvious gender differences existed for acne vulgaris diagnoses, and most of the above indicators were shown at a higher level in females than in males. The age period cohort analysis showed that the incidence rate of acne vulgaris in China from 1990 to 2019 was significantly different from the net drift, age effect, period effect and cohort effect. As the SDI value increased, the incidence of acne vulgaris showed a linear growth trend. Conclusions From 1990 to 2019, the burden of acne disease in China increases significantly.
Objective To investigate constitution and costs of inpatients with circulation system diseases in Karamay Central Hospital in 2014 and provide baseline data for further evidence-based pharmacy studies of circulation system single disease. Methods The information of drug use and expenditure of circulation system diseases were collected from the hospital information system (HIS). We analyzed the data of frequency, constituent ratio and cumulative frequency by using Excel 2007 software. Results A total of 2 898 inpatients with circulation system diseases were included. The top three diseases were cerebral infarction, angina and hypertension. The cerebral infarction and coronary heart disease accounted for the largest proportion in the cost. The top one disease of total hospitalization cost, drug expense per capita and inspection cost per capita was cerebral infraction. Conclusion Based on the above results, cerebral infraction and angina were selected as the evidence-based pharmacy study goal of single disease.
Objective To summarize and categorize the epidemiological evaluation indicators of disease burden, and to explore and analyze the research gaps in the existing evaluation indicators of disease burden. Methods The CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases were searched by computer to obtain qualitative studies on evaluation indicators of disease burden. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to October 2023. CASP was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies, and thematic analysis was used to summarize the evaluation indicators of disease burden by NVivo 12 software. Results A total of 19 studies were included, of which 10 studies were of high quality and 9 studies were of medium quality. The evaluation indicators of disease burden were summarized into two three-level core themes: positive indicators and negative indicators. Five second-level analytic themes were used: disease indicators, life loss indicators, life expectancy indicators, cause removal indicators and health status indicators. Twenty-nine level-1 descriptive themes. Conclusion The evaluation indicators of disease burden have their respective scopes of application and limitations. It is necessary to continue strengthening the construction of a comprehensive evaluation index system for disease burden, so that it is comparable and reliable, can adapt to local calculation weights, and covers both family burden and social burden.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in the Chinese population, and to provide reference for health resources allocation and health policy making.MethodsDatabases such as PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched for studies investigating disease burden of tuberculosis in Chinese population from inception to August 1st, 2017. Two researchers independently screened literature, exacted data and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Statistical analysis was performed on data of tuberculosis associated population, mortality and disease burden.ResultsA total of 40 studies were included. The results of qualitative analysis showed that, since 1990, the prevalence of tuberculosis and its disease burden in China decreased year by year. However, the disease burden per patient and the total economic burden in China showed an increasing trend, and the economical disease burden increased 1.6 times from 1993 to 2003. The disease burden of men was higher than that of women, and it was higher in the countryside than in the city. In 2004, the ratio of YLL per thousand people in rural and urban areas was 2.18, and the ratio was 1.29 in 2014. Additionally, the disease burden decreased gradually in western, central and eastern regions. In 2014, compared with 2004, YLL decreased by 1.11, while the central and eastern regions were 0.48 and 0.25, respectively. The gap between the gender, the urban and rural areas and the regions was not as significant as in previous.ConclusionsThe disease burden of tuberculosis in China is seriously high and the tuberculosis prevention and control work should take into consideration the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis and the trends of the disease burden. It is necessary to rationally and effectively implement health intervention programs and allocate health resources based on different health demands in different regions and age groups to reduce the morbidity and mortality, and to pay more attention to drug-resistant tuberculosis. Besides, the emphasis of prevention should be placed on reducing disease burden in the elderly and strengthening prevention in the young population.
Objective To analyze the disease burden of liver cancer caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) among the Chinese population by utilizing the latest global burden of disease (GBD) 2021 data, and conduct a comparative analysis with the global situation, so as to provide references and lessons for the formulation of public health policies and disease management plans in China. Methods GBD 2021 database publicly released in May 2024 was searched and relevant disease burden data of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 was sorted out. Joinpoint regression model was employed to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of the age-standardized rates of various burden indicators in order to evaluate the changing characteristics of disease epidemiology over time. Meanwhile, Bayesian method was used to predict the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally from 2022 to 2045. Results Compared with 1990, in 2021, the number of incidences, prevalence, deaths, disability-adjusted life years, age-standardized incidence rate and age-standardized prevalence rate of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally all increased. Moreover, in 1990 and 2021, all the burden indicators of the Chinese male population were higher than those of the female population in the corresponding years. The overall trend analysis showed that during the 32 years from 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate [AAPC=0.44%, 95%CI (0.35%, 0.53%), P<0.001] and the age-standardized prevalence rate [AAPC=0.92%, 95%CI (0.73%, 1.11%), P<0.001] of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall population in China both showed a significant upward trend. In addition, in 1990 and 2021, the age-standardized rates of all the burden indicators of the overall population in China were higher than the global levels in the corresponding years. The prediction results of the Bayesian model showed that from 2022 to 2045, the number of incidences and deaths of liver cancer caused by NASH in the overall, male and female populations in China and globally will generally show an upward trend. Conclusions The disease burden of liver cancer caused by NASH in China and globally is generally on the rise. In order to curb the increasing disease burden, it is necessary to formulate relevant public health policies and disease management plans in a timely manner.