ObjectiveTo investigate the causal relationship between 731 kinds of immune cells and positive-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER+), negative-human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER–), negative-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2–) breast cancer. MethodsGenome-wide association data for immune cells and breast cancer were used, and using inverse variance weighting as the primary analytical method, and Cochran’s Q test, Mendelian randomization (MR)-Egger regression, and leave-one-out were used to verify the reliability of the resulting data. ResultsFor HER+ breast cancer, CD3 on CD39+CD4+T cell [IVW: OR=0.940, 95%CI (0.913, 0.968), P<0.01], ratio of CD4–CD8–T cell [IVW: OR=0.906, 95%CI (0.857, 0.958), P<0.01], and CD3 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cell [IVW: OR=0.948, 95%CI (0.918, 0.979), P=0.01] were protective factors. For HER– breast cancer, no immune cell phenotype was found to be correlated with it. For HER2– breast cancer, CD3 on CD39+CD4+ T cell [IVW: OR=0.951, 95%CI (0.930, 0.973), P<0.01], CD3 on secreting CD4 regulatory T cell [IVW: OR=0.949, 95% CI (0.925, 0.974), P<0.01] were protective factors. ConclusionThere is a causal association between certain immune cell phenotypes and breast cancer, which may be a predictive marker for early diagnosis of breast cancer and development of new immunotherapies.
ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the application of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. MethodThe related literature about ELRA used to treat various hepatobiliary space-occupyingdiseases at home and abroad in recent years was comprehensively searched and summarized. ResultsELRA had overcome the limitations of limited operational space in traditional surgery for the treatment of hepatobiliary space-occupying diseases reduced dependence on donor livers, and avoided post-transplant rejection. It had been applied in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and rare liver space-occupying diseases. ConclusionsWith the maturation of ELRA techniques and the continuous improvement of ex vivo liver perfusion technology, along with rigorous preoperative evaluation and meticulous postoperative management, postoperative complications of ELRA have significantly decreased compared to the initial stages of its application. By strictly adhering to surgical indications, this procedure is expected to be used treatment in an increasing number of hepatobiliary space-occupying diseases.
ObjectiveTo understand the current progress in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). MethodA systematic review was conducted on recent domestic and international research literature regarding AI applications in ICC, with a focus on radiomics and deep learning (DL). ResultsICC is a critical subtype of primary liver cancer characterized by high malignancy and mortality. We systematically reviewed the current status and prospects of AI-based approaches in preoperative diagnosis, treatment guidance, and prognosis prediction for ICC. ConclusionsDespite the progress made by AI in the field of ICC, it still faces challenges such as model accuracy, data integration, and clinical application. With technological advancements and deeper research, AI is expected to play a more significant role in ICC prevention and treatment. Interdisciplinary collaboration will also drive sustainable progress in this domain.