ObjectiveTo systematically review the correlation between Beclin1 protein expression and cervical cancer as well as its different clinical pathologic features. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2014), PubMed, EMbase, Ovid, CNKI, VIP, CBM and WanFang Data from inception to February 2014, to collect the correlation between Beclin1 protein expression and cervical cancer as well as its different clinical pathologic features. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsA total of 5 case-control studies involving 637 patients were included, of which, 388 cases in the cervical cancer group, 130 cases in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group, and 119 cases in the normal cervical tissue group. The results of meta-analysis showed that, a) as for Beclin1 expression, significant differences were found in cervical cancer vs. normal cervical tissues (OR=0.07, 95%CI 0.02 to 0.25, P < 0.000 1), cervical cancer vs. CIN (OR=0.37, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.59, P < 0.000 1), CIN vs. normal cervical tissues (OR=0.23, 95%CI 0.06 to 0.88, P=0.03), and cervical cancer tissues with vs. without lymph node metastasis (OR=0.29, 95%CI 0.17 to 0.49, P < 0.000 01). However, no significant difference was found in medium/low differentiation vs. well differentiation (OR=0.50, 95%CI 0.16 to 1.56, P=0.23), tumour diameter no less than vs. less than 4 cm (OR=0.72, 95%CI 0.44 to 1.18, P=0.20), myometrial invasion depth no less than vs. less than 1/2, and FIGO Ⅰ vs. Ⅱ (OR=0.70, 95%CI 0.44 to 1.10, P=0.12). ConclusionBeclin1 protein expression is notably associated to cervical cancer. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion still needs to be further verified by performing more high quality studies.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the correlation between mTOR protein expression and different clinical pathological features as well as the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cervical cancer. MethodsWe electronically searched databases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2015), PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Data from inception to April 2015 to collect case-control studies investigating the correlation between mTOR protein expression and different clinical pathological features as well as the response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cervical cancer. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk bias of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.2 software. ResultsA total of 8 case-control studies involving 591 patients were included. Among these cases, 365 cases were in the cervical cancer group, 135 cases were in the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group, and 91 cases were in the normal cervix tissue group. The results of meta-analysis showed that:(1) Compared with the normal cervix tissue group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the cervical cancer group (OR=24.14, 95%CI 4.47 to 130.35, P=0.000 2) and the CIN group (OR=4.71, 95%CI 2.15 to 10.33, P=0.000 1); Compared with the CIN group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the cervical cancer group (OR=5.12, 95%CI 2.96 to 8.86, P<0.000 01). (2) Compared with the non-lymphnode-metastasis group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the lymph node metastasis group (OR=3.29, 95%CI 1.61 to 6.69, P=0.001); Compared with the FIGO I group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the FIGO Ⅱ group (OR=3.00, 95%CI 1.49 to 6.04, P=0.002); Compared with the radiotherapy and chemotherapy responsive group, mTOR protein was overexpressed in the non-response group (OR=15.64, 95%CI 3.17 to 77.15, P=0.000 7). In addition, there was no significant difference between the medium/high differentiation group and low differentiation group (OR=1.70, 95%CI 0.75 to 3.81, P=0.20). ConclusionmTOR protein expression is associated with cervical cancer, and mTOR protein overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis, higher FIGO and non-response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusion needs to be further verified by more high quality studies.
ObjectivesTo assess the methodological quality of clinical practice guidelines of cervical cancer in China published from 2014 to 2018.MethodsCNKI, WanFang Data, CBM, VIP, Medlive.cn, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EMbase were searched for cervical cancer clinical practice guidelines published in China from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2018. Four reviewers searched and selected the literature independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed the methodological quality of the included guidelines by using AGREE Ⅱ.ResultsA total of 9 guidelines were included. The average score for each area was: scope and purpose 75.47%, stakeholders’ involvement 35.09%, the rigor of development 43.70%, clarity of presentation 87.74%, applicability 80.76%, and editorial independence 0%.ConclusionsThe quality of cervical cancer clinical practice guidelines in China requires further improvement.
ObjectiveTo explore the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cervical cancer cell C-33A.MethodsThe cervical cancer cells C-33A were divided into the IL-6 group and the control group after culture. The IL-6 group were treated with 50 ng/mL of recombinant IL-6 protein, and the control group were without IL-6. Then cell viability and cell migration were detected by MTT assay and wound-healing assay, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of epithelial-cadherin (E-Cad), neural-cadherin (N-Cad), vimentin and transcription factors-snail1 (TFs-SNAIL1) were analyzed by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively.ResultsCompared with the control group, in the IL-6 group the proliferation of cervical cancer cells C-33A was promoted (12 h: 0.388±0.025 vs. 0.597±0.057; 24 h: 0.547±0.021 vs. 0.798±0.036; 48 h: 0.745±0.056 vs. 1.296±0.122; 72 h: 1.074±0.053 vs. 1.805±0.113; P<0.05), and the relative migration ability of cervical cancer cell was promoted (12 h: 1.057±0.029vs. 1.200±0.045; 24 h: 1.189±0.036 vs. 1.428±0.181; 48 h: 1.273±0.059 vs. 1.569±0.143; 72 h: 1.409±0.047 vs. 1.623±0.170; P<0.05); meanwhile, compared with the control group, in the IL-6 group, the expression of E-Cad mRNA (1.012±0.098vs. 0.483±0.171, P<0.01) and E-Cad protein (1.032±0.015vs. 0.395±0.119; P<0.01) decreased, the expression of N-Cad mRNA (1.054±0.106vs. 1.465±0.230, P<0.01) and N-Cad protein (1.040±0.043vs. 1.605±0.128, P<0.01) increased, the expression of vimentin mRNA (1.050±0.083vs. 1.340±0.099, P<0.05) and vimentin protein (1.043±0.062vs. 1.430±0.077, P<0.05) increased, and the expression of TFs-SNAIL1 mRNA (1.058±0.176vs. 1.510±0.229, P<0.01) and Fs-SNAIL1 protein (1.022±0.015vs. 1.470±0.139, P<0.01) increased.ConclusionIL-6 may promote the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cervical cancer cell C-33A.
Objective To systematically review the prognostic value of perineural invasion (PNI) for patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 10, 2016), CNKI, WanFang Data, CBM and VIP databases to collect case-control studies about prognostic value of PNI in cervical cancer from inception to October, 2016. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Seven case-control studies from eight articles involving 1 218 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that: (1) On Cox's model multivariate analysis, PNI was not identified as an independent risk factor for disease free survival (DFS) (HR=0.73, 95%CI 0.33 to 1.58,P=0.42) or overall survival (OS) (HR=0.89, 95%CI 0.41 to 1.94,P=0.77) with no significant difference; (2) On Kaplan-Meier-curves, DFS (HR=1.86, 95%CI 1.20 to 2.88,P=0.006) and OS (HR=2.43, 95%CI 1.63 to 3.62,P<0.000 1) were both significantly decreased in patients with PNI positive group. Conclusion PNI represents a decreasing disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with early-stage cervical cancer, and is one of the poor prognosis factors which be informed management decisions regarding adjuvant therapy. However, there is no evidence that PNI is an independent factor affecting the prognosis. In view of the limitation of the studies, a large sample prospective controlled trial is warranted to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo establish two-dimensional electrophoresis profiles with high resolution and reproducibility from subcellular immortalized human endocervical cell (H8) and cervical cancer cell (Caski), and to identify the differential expressions of subcellular proteins (cytoplasmic, membranous and nuclear proteins). MethodsH8 cells and Caski cells were incubated, and subcellular proteins of H8 cells and Caski cells were extracted and separated by means of immobilized pH gradient-based two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Then the selected differential protein spots were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and SWISS-PROT database. ResultsWe obtained well-resolved, reproducible 2-DE patterns; 6 differentially expressed cytoplasmic proteins and 3 differentially expressed membranous proteins and 9 differentially expressed nuclear proteins were defined in 2-DE gels. ConclusionSubcellular proteins of cervical precancerous lesion and cervical cancer are separated and analyzed by means of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. There are significant differences between H8 cells and Caski cells. These data may be valuable for research of cervical precancerous lesion and cervical cancer, or as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for cervical cancer.
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for stage ⅠB2-ⅡB cervical cancer. Methods From June 2012 to December 2014, 66 patients with stage ⅠB2-ⅡB cervical cancer were selected and treated by PT (cisplatin/ carboplatin and taxol/docetaxel) as neo-adjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy response and toxicity were collected and analyzed. Results The extinctive condition of tumor by neo-adjuvant chemotherapy: the complete remission rate was 10.6% (7/66), partial remission rate was 59.1% (39/66), and the total effective rate was 69.7%. The main toxicities were myelosuppression (59.1%, 39/66) and gastrointestinal reactions (33.3%, 22/66). The toxicities could be tolerated or relieved by prevention and treatment. The effective rate of chemotherapy for cervical squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma was 72.6%, 33.3% and 0%, respectively, with significant differences among the three types (P<0.05). The effective rate of chemotherapy for high, medium and low differentiated cervical cancer was 100.0%, 77.3% and 55.9%, respectively, with significant differences among the three degrees (P<0.05). Conclusions Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy is proved to be a safe and effective complementary treatment for most patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. Due to the limitation of sample size, the correlations between therapeutic effect and tumor differentiation degree and between therapeutic effect and pathological type need further study.
ObjectiveTo analyze the relative factors of lymph-nodes metastasis (LM) in patients with cervical cancer. MethodsThe clinico-pathological data of 136 patients with stageⅠ A-Ⅱ A of cervical cancer who underwent surgical therapy from January 2005 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between clinico-pathological parameters and LM was analyzed by univariable χ2 analysis and multivariable logistic analysis. ResultsThe total LM rate (LMR) was 14.0% (19/136). The rate of LM in obturator was the highest (63.2%), and then the rate between the external and internal iliac was 42.1%. The rate of deep inguinal lymph nodes and para-aortic lymph node was 0.0%. There was correlation between the clinic staging, depth of stromal invasion, histologic subtype, parametrial invasion, vaginal invasion and LM in univariable analysis (P<0.05). While in multivariable analysis, the correlation with LM was only existed between the clinic staging, histologic subtype, depth of stromal invasion and LM. ConclusionClinic staging, histologic subtype, depth of stromal invasion are high risk factors of LM.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of irinotecan as neoadjuvant chemotherapy (INAC) plus radical surgery (RS) for cervical cancer. MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library (Issue 10, 2014), CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data to collect clinical studies on INAC plus RS versus RS alone or other neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs plus RS in the treatment of cervical cancer. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 6 studies (4 RCTs and 2 CCTs) involving 596 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the RS alone group, the INAC group was superior in reducing operation time (MD=-16.17, 95%CI -21.88 to -10.46, P<0.000 01), intraoperative blood loss (MD=-39.56, 95%CI -51.96 to -27.17, P<0.000 01), increasing 3-years OS (OR=0.29, 95%CI 0.15 to 0.57, P<0.000 3), reducing incidence of positive parametrical involvement (OR=0.27, 95%CI 0.12 to 0.60, P=0.001) and incidence of lymphovascular space invasion (OR=0.24, 95%CI 0.09 to 0.61, P=0.003). However, there were no significant differences in the incidence of lymph node metastasis (OR=0.55, 95%CI 0.29 to 1.03, P=0.06) and positive surgical margin (OR=0.33, 95%CI 0.03 to 3.86, P=0.38) between the two groups. Compared with the paclitaxel plus RS group, there were no significant differences for the INAC group in the effective rate (OR=1.58, 95%CI 0.20 to 12.32, P=0.66) and the incidence of more than grade Ⅲ adverse events (OR=2.27, 95%CI 0.62 to 8.27, P=0.21). ConclusionINAC is effective and tolerable in the treatment of cervical cancer. Due to the limitation of quantity and quality of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy and safety of hyperthermia in combination with radiation, chemotherapy or both for middle/advanced cervical cancer patients (LACC). MethodsThe databases such as PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 6, 2013), CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP were searched from inception to July 1st, 2013 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated hyperthermia in combination with radiation, chemotherapy or both for LACC for cervical cancer at middle/advanced stage. Two reviewers screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and evaluated methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.2.6 software. ResultsSix RCTs were included. A descriptive analysis was conducted due to significant heterogeneities among the results of studies. Out of 6 studies, the results of 4 studies showed that hyperthermia increased complete remission rate; the results of 3 studies reported objective effectiveness; while only one study showed statistical significance. Overall survival was reported in all studies, while only one study showed that hyperthermia significantly improved overall survival. Only one study reported 3-year progression-free survival with statistical significance. Two studies reported disease-free survival but only one showed statistical significance. Only two studies reported adverse events, and the data in one study showed acute toxicities of Grade 2-3 were higher for hyperthermia with unclear long-term reaction. ConclusionCurrent evidence is insufficient to confirm the efficacy and safety of hyperthermia for cervical cancer, and large-scale well-designed RCTs are further needed to verify the efficacy and safety of hyperthermia in the combined treatment of cervical cancer.