ObjectiveTo study the contents of CD44 that shared exon variant 5 (CD44v5) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of patients with gastric carcinoma and the expression of CD44v5 in tumor tissue and their clinical significance. MethodsThe contents of CD44v5 were determined by FlowCytometry in PBL of 31 patients with gastric carcinoma before surgery and 10 normal controls. Tissue expression of CD44v5 in 33 patients with gastric carcinoma was investigated by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe contents of CD44v5 were significantly higher in PBL of patients with gastric carcinoma before surgery than those of controls (P＜0.01). Nodepositive gastric cancer patients showed significantly elevated contents of CD44v5 in PBL in comparison with nodenegative gastric cancer (P＜0.01）. Significant correlations were noted between the contents of CD44v5 in PBL of patients with gastric carcinoma before surgery and tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and different the Vnion International Centre Le Cancer (VICC) stages of tumor (P＜0.05). The expression of CD44v5 could be detected in 69.7% of tumor tissue,but was not detected in adjacent normal gastric mucosa. Significant correlations were noted between CD44v5 expression and depth of invasion,and lymph node metastasis.The presence of CD44v5 protein was correlated with the lymph node involvement rate. Conclusion CD44v5 in PBL or tumor tissue may be useful as a metastatic marker. It may be of important clinical value in the diagnosis of metastasis and judgement of development for the patients with gastric cancer.
Objective To explore the role of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in chronic pulmonary infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA).Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into a PA group and a control group(n=30 in each group).Chronic lung infection model was established by implantation of silicone tube precoated with PA into the main bronchus.Twenty-eight days later Treg cells in peripheral blood were measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting（FACS）.Levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in serum were assayed by ELISA.The expression of Foxp3 mRNA in spleen was measured by RT-PCR.Pathological changes of lung tissue were studed by HE staining.Results Treg/CD4+ T cells in the PA group were significantly more than those in the control group[（19.79±6.45）% vs （5.15±0.47）%，Plt;0.05].The levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were (231.52±54.48)pg/mL and （121.05±7.98）pg/mL in the PA group respectively，which were significantly higher than those in the control group[（35.43±23.56）pg/mL and （36.02±8.94）pg/mL].The expression of Foxp3 mRNA in the PA group was significantly higher compared with the control group(0.80±0.044 vs 0.25±0.054，Plt;0.05）.HE staining revealed that PA caused a intensive inflammatory reaction with lymphocytes infiltration.Conclusion CD4+CD25+ Treg cell is up-regulated and plays an important role in chronic lung infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of glutamine to the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat injured by acetic acid. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were averagely divided into three groups: control group, acetic acid group and glutamine group. The colon of the rat was infused with 1% acetic acid. Started to gavage with glutamate two days after modeling glutamine group. The injured colons were studied after fourteen days with light and scanning electronic microscope. Paraffin sections of specimens were prepared and stained with HE. The colon crypts were isolated by HCl digestion method. The expressions of CD44 and ICAM-1 in the epithelial cell of the large intestine mucosa were detected by immunohistochemistry method. Results On the days of 14， the number of ACF in the glutamine group were remarkably decreased as compared with that of the acetic acid group and a branch-like. The expressions of ICAM-1 and CD44 (every 1 000 cells) were 302.1±30.1 and 298.6±28.3 in glutamine group, 223.6±23.5 and 221.5±28.6 in control group, 198.5±19.5 and 215.3±17.8 in acetic acid group, respectively. While the expressions of CD44 and ICAM-1 in intestine were increased remarkably in the glutamine group compared with the control group and acetic acid group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Glutamine could decrease the formation of the ACF injured by acetic acid. Increasing the expressions of CD44 and ICAM-1 may be one of the important factors to decrease the ACF.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between CT lesion changes in COVID-19 patients and different subgroups of T lymphocytes, providing reference information for assessing patient conditions, predicting outcomes, and evaluating treatment efficacy. MethodsClinical and imaging data of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from January 24 to March 15, 2020, were collected. Based on the absorption characteristics of lesions in CT images, patients were categorized into three groups: Group A (obviously continuously absorbed), Group B (stable-slow absorption), and Group C (progressive absorption). The relationship between CT changes and T lymphocyte subgroups was analyzed according to lesion absorption. ResultsA total of 47 patients were included, with 18 in Group A, 14 in Group B, and 15 in Group C. At different stages—admission, during treatment, and at the end of treatment—the levels of T lymphocytes were observed as follows: Group A>Group B>Group C. When lesions were absorbed, the average count of CD4+ T lymphocytes was (544.43 ± 163.34) cells/μl; when lesions showed little change or increased, CD4+ T lymphocyte levels decreased to varying degrees. During treatment, both Group A and Group B showed CD4+ T lymphocyte levels returning to above normal levels, with an average increase of 134 cells/μl in Group A, which was lower than that in Group B (192 cells/μl) and Group C (149 cells/μl). Finally, T lymphocyte levels reached normal in all groups, but Group A levels were higher than those in Groups B and C (P<0.05). Upon follow-up, the average CD4+ T lymphocyte count was (544.43 ± 163.34) cells/μl in 52 cases of lesion absorption, (339.06 ± 145.98) cells/μl in 31 cases of minimal change, and (230.50 ± 95.24) cells/μl in 16 cases of lesion progression, with statistically significant differences among the three groups (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe increase in lung lesions in patients indicates poor immune function, necessitating enhanced immune regulation. Conversely, if a decrease in T lymphocyte levels is detected during the course of the disease, attention should be given to the risk of lesion progression, and timely CT re-examinations should be conducted to monitor changes in lesions.
ObjectiveTo approach the role of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in the maintenance of immunotolerance in mouse liver allograft. MethodsThe mouse orthotopic liver transplantation was performed. After the liver transplantation immunotolerance induction, antiCD25 monoclonal antibody (PC61) was injected into the recipients with a delayed timing to remove the CD4+CD25+ T cells. The percentage of CD4+CD25+ T cells and the expression of forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3) in the recipients were examined. Furthermore, the survival time of the recipient was observed. ResultsC3H/HeJ recipients receiving DBA/2 hepatic allografts survived over 70 d as in the syngeneic liver transplantation (C3H/HeJ recipients receiving C3H/HeJ hepatic grafts). With various protocols of the delayed PC61 treatment, the CD4+CD25+ T cell was completely disappeared as observed. However, the removal of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells after the induction of transplantation immunotolerance did not affect the survival of hepatic allografts. ConclusionCD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells are not essential for the maintenance of spontaneous mouse liver transplantation immunotolerance.
Objective To assess the effects of different immunosuppressive drugs on proliferation and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Methods We searched MEDLINE (1966 to November 2009), EMbase (from inception to September 2009), and The Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2009) for clinical and basic research about the effects of various immunosuppressive drugs on Tregs. Data were extracted and methodological quality was assessed by two independent reviewers. Outcome measures for clinical research included blood Tregs levels, acute rejection episodes, and graft function. Outcome measures for basic research included percentage of Tregs proliferation, function, Tregs phenotype, and evidence for possible mechanisms. We analyzed data qualitatively. Results Forty-two studies, including 19 clinical trials and 23 basic studies, were included. The immunosuppressive drugs studied were calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), Rapa, anti-metabolism drugs, IL-2 receptor-blocking antibodies, T-cell depleting antibodies, and co-stimulation blockade antibodies. Most of the studies were on Rapa and CNIs. Eight basic studies on Rapa and CNIs showed that Rapa could promote the proliferation and function of Tregs, while CNIs could not. Five clinical trials involving a total of 158 patients showed that patients taking Rapa had higher blood concentration of Tregs than those taking CNIs, but no differences were found in graft function (6-42-month follow-up). Conclusion There is substantial evidence that Rapa favors Tregs survival and function. However, the larger number of the blood Tregs in the patients treated with Rapa does not show any correlation with better graft function. Large-sample and high-quality clinical studies with longer follow-up are needed to thoroughly assess the efficacy of immunosuppressive drugs on Tregs and to reveal whether a relationship exists between Tregs and graft function.
Objective To investigate the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells and expression of Foxp3 mRNA in asthmatic patients and the impacts of inhaled steroids.Methods The percentages of CD4 +CD25 + Treg cells was assayed by flow cytometry and the expression of Foxp3 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patients with chronic persistent asthma before and after steroids inhalation in comparison with healthy control. The forced expired volumin one second/predicted value( FEV1% pred) and peak expired flow( PEF) were measured by spirometry. Results The level of CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells and the expression of Foxp3 mRNA were lower in asthmatics before steroids treatment than those in control ( P lt; 0. 05) which were increased significantly after steroids treatment ( P lt; 0. 05) .FEV1% pred and PEF were declined significantly than those in control but improved markedly after treatment ( P lt; 0. 05) . Conclusions The insufficiency of amount and function of immue-suppressive CD4 + CD25 +Treg cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Inhaled steroids can improve the lung function of asthmatics by upregulating the level of CD4 + CD25 + Treg and Foxp3.
ObjectiveTo study the relationship of the expression of CD44v6 and bcl2 protein with histological type,pathological grading and metastasis.MethodsImmunohistochemical technique was used to investigate the expression of CD44v6 and bcl2 in 50 primary gallbladder carcinoma,20 gallbladder adenoma and 10 chronic cholecystitis.ResultsThe positive rate of CD44v6 and bcl2 was 82.0% and 60.0%，which was positively correlated with the histological type,pathological grading and metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma(P＜0.05) and was higher than that in gallbladder adenoma (CD44v6 45.0% and bcl2 30.0% respectively).Expression of CD44v6 was significantly correlated with the expression of bcl2(r=0.36,P＜0.05).ConclusionCD44v6 and bcl2 might be an important biologic marker to evaluate the malignancy and prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma.There might be some extent of coordinated regulation between them.
Objective To investigate the effects of down-regulating of Rfng gene ( 1, 3-Nacetylglucosaminyltransferases) in lung CD4 + T cells of asthmatic rat model by small interfering RNA ( siRNA) and explore the role of Rfng in pathogenesis of asthma. Methods An asthmatic rat model was established by OVA sensitization and challenge. Total T cells were isolated from lung tissue of asthmatic rats, and CD4 + T lymphocytes were purified using magnetic beads. CD4 + T lymphocytes were transfected by siRNA targeting Rfng gene. The mRNA and protein expressions of Rfng were detected by quantitative PCR and Western blot. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA levels of Th1 /Th2 cytokines and related genes including IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, T-bet, and GATA3. ELISA was performed to determine the concentrations of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-5 in supernatant. Results The mRNA and protein expression of Rfng in RNAi group decreased significantly. IL-12, IFN-γ, T-bet increased and while IL-4, IL-5, and GATA3 decreased significantly. The concentrations of IL-12 and IFN-γ in the supernatant increased significantly, while IL-4 and IL-5 decreased significantly. Conclusions Down regulation of Rfng affects T cell differentiation. It is presumed that Fringe contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma.
Objective To investigate the relation between CD44v6 and lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. Methods The expression of CD44v6 in 100 cases of advanced human gastric carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemical twostep method. Its relation with clinical pathology and prognosis was analyzed. Results CD44v6 expression occurred in 64%(64/100) of all gastric carcinomas; with the increase of depth of cancer invasion and local lymph node metastasis, the expression of CD44v6 elevated. Conclusion CD44v6 plays an important role in lymph node metastasis of human gastric carcinoma. It may be used as a new indicator to predict metastatic potential and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.