ObjectiveTo analyze the burden of digestive diseases attributed to smoking in China from 1990 to 2019 and forecast its change in the next 10 years. MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease database 2019 was used to analyze the burden of digestive diseases attributed to smoking in China from 1990 to 2019. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the time variation trend. A time series model was used to predict the burden of digestive diseases attributable to smoking over the next 10 years. ResultsIn 2019, there were 12 900 deaths from digestive diseases attributed to smoking in China, with a DALY of 398 600 years, a crude death rate of 0.91/100 000 and a crude DALY rate of 28.02/100 000. The attributed standardized mortality rate was 0.69 per 100 000, and the standardized DALY rate was 19.79 per 100 000, which was higher than the global level. In 2019, the standardized mortality rate and DALY rate of males were higher than those of females (1.48/ 100 000 vs. 0.11/ 100 000, 38.42/ 100 000 vs. 293/100 000), and the standardized rates of males and females showed a downward trend over time. In 2019, both mortality and DALY rates from digestive diseases attributed to smoking increased with age. ARIMA predicts that over the next 10 years, the burden of disease in the digestive system caused by smoking will decrease significantly. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the burden of digestive diseases attributed to smoking showed a decreasing trend in China, and the problem of disease burden is more serious in men and the elderly population. A series of effective measures should be taken to reduce the smoking rate in key groups. The burden of digestive diseases caused by smoking will be significantly reduced in the next 10 years.
ObjectivesTo systematically review approaches to derive disability weights (DWs) based on EQ-5D instrument.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang Data databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the approaches to derive disability weights based on EQ-5D from inception to June 1st, 2019. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted the basic information and evaluated risk of bias of included studies. Then, systematic review on approaches to derive DWs based on EQ-5D instrument was performed.ResultsA total of 18 studies were included, which were published between 2003 and 2018. The included studies involved a variety of diseases, mostly focusing on quality of life and the burden of disease. The approaches to derive DWs based on EQ-5D health instrument were as follows: DWs=health utility scoreNormal or Control−health utility scoreDisease (7 studies), DWs=1−VAS score/100 (6 studies), DWs=1−health utility scoreDisease (3 studies), linear regression model (1 study), and mapping (1 study).ConclusionsAmong all the included studies using EQ-5D-based disability weight measurement methods involves a variety of diseases, with relatively low comparability. More methodological studies are from abroad. Among all the applied approaches, DWs equally to health utility scoreNormal or Control minus health utility scoreDisease is the most commonly used.
ObjectivesTo systematically review the disease burden of osteoporotic fracture (OPF) in China.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP database for observational studies of the disease burden of osteoporosis in China from inception to Jan 30th, 2018. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the economic burden of OPF in China.ResultsA total of 23 studies were included. The average cost of OPF was 27 561.27 yuan. Women were more prone to OPF than men. Hip and spinal fractures were the diseases which had higher average hospital costs.ConclusionsWomen are more prone to osteoporotic fractures than men. The higher hospital costs of OPF may cause the reason for growing financial burden of patients. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify conclusions.
ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the disease burden of pancreatitis in China from 1990 to 2019 and to provide references for the prevention and treatment of pancreatitis. MethodsThe data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and their corresponding age-standardized rate, and annual average percentage change (AAPC) were selected as the main indicators to compare the burden of pancreatitis in China, the United States and globally from 1990 to 2019. ResultsIn 2019, the age-standardized incidence, mortality, DALY, YLL, and YLD rates in China were 26.76/100 000, 0.59/100 000, 16.09/100 000, 14.61/100 000, and 1.48/100 000, respectively, and decreased by 8.94%, 45.33%, 49.12%, 50.98%, and 18.49%, respectively, compared with those in 1990. The burden of pancreatitis in China gradually increased with age, but was lower than that in the United States and globally. The DALY due to alcohol continually increased in China, the United States, and globally. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the burden of pancreatitis in China shows a decreasing trend and is lower than that in the United States and globally. However, the disease burden caused by alcohol and aging is increasing; therefore, effective measurements to alleviate the burden of pancreatitis in China are needed.
ObjectiveTo analyze the trends and major risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) disease burden by gender in China and globally from 1990 to 2021, and to predict ICH incidence and mortality in China and globally by gender from 2022 to 2046. MethodsBased on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), data on ICH in China and globally from 1990 to 2021 were collected. Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were used to assess ICH disease burden and risk factors by gender. Joinpoint regression models were employed to calculate annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) for trend analysis. The Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was applied to predict ICH incidence and mortality from 2022 to 2046. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR for ICH in China and globally showed declining trends across genders (P<0.05). For males in China and globally, the AAPC for ASIR was −1.63% (95%CI −1.69% to −1.57%) and −1.14% (95%CI −1.20% to −1.07%), respectively. For females in China and globally, the AAPC for ASIR was −2.27% (95%CI −2.35% to −2.18%) and −1.40% (95%CI −1.40% to −1.33%), respectively. The AAPC for ASMR in Chinese and global males was −1.81% (95%CI −2.07% to −1.55%) and −1.29% (95%CI −1.43% to −1.15%), respectively, while for females in China and globally, it was −2.74% (95%CI −2.94% to −2.54%) and −1.69% (95%CI −1.82% to −1.55%), respectively. The AAPC for ASDR in Chinese and global males was −1.91% (95%CI −2.11% to −1.72%) and −1.39% (95%CI −1.52% to −1.26%), respectively, and for females in China and globally, it was −2.93% (95%CI −3.07% to −2.79%) and −1.85% (95%CI −1.96% to −1.74%), respectively. By 2046, the predicted ASIR for ICH in Chinese and global males is projected to be 38.08/100 000 and 44.23/100 000, respectively, and 28.27/100 000 and 29.15/100 000 for Chinese and global females. The ASMR is predicted to reach 37.01/100 000 and 68.57/100 000 for Chinese and global males, and 22.39/100 000 and 29.45/100 000 for Chinese and global females, respectively. ConclusionThe disease burden of ICH in China has demonstrated a declining trend, yet it persistently exceeds global averages and exhibits pronounced gender disparities. There is an urgent need to enhance focus on these gender−specific variations and implement precisely targeted interventions tailored to the distinct risk factor profiles of each gender, in order to achieve further reductions in ICH−related disease burden.
ObjectiveTo analyze the variation trend of high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) attribution disease burden in China from 1990 to 2019. MethodsThe burden of disease indicators from Global Burden of Disease 2019 (GBD 2019), such as death attributable to high LDL-C, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lost to disability (YLDs) were extracted. The age was standardized using GBD 2019 global standard population, and the trend of rates with the annual percentage change (APC) was analyzed. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the disease burden of high LDL-C increased with age in China. The mortality rate, DALYs rate and YLLs rate of males were higher than those of females, while the YLDs rate of males was lower than that of females. Joinpoint regression results showed that from 1990 to 2019, the high LDL-C attribution mortality rate (APC=3.4%, P<0.05), DALYs rate (APC=2.4%, P<0.05), YLLs rate (APC=2.4%, P<0.05), YLDs rate (APC = 2.9%, P<0.05), the standardized mortality rate (APC=0.8%, P<0.05) and the standardized YLDs rate (APC=0.7%, P<0.05) all increased in China. Regarding age, the mortality rate, DALYs rate and YLLs rate increased in the age group over 70 years old, while the YLDs rate increased significantly in the age group over 45 years old. ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, the burden of disease attributable to high LDL-C in China has become increasingly heavy, and the burden varies according to gender and age.
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological and economic burden of acute meningitis and encephalitis syndrome (AMES) in Jinan, so as to provide references for prevention and control of AMES. MethodsThe monitoring data of the AMES Special Reporting System of Jinan City from 2007 to 2014 was collected and the epidemiological characteristics of AMES were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was performed in AMES patients reported in 2013 to collect the basic information, prognosis, medical and non-medical expenses etc. of patients. The DALYs and economic burden of AMES were estimated by using SPSS 13.0 software. ResultsThe average incidence rate of AMES in Jinan was 8.49/100 000 through 2007 to 2014 and the mortality was 4.96‰. The total DALYs were 36 659.51 and the average DALY was 8.27.77.86% were aged less than 14 years old. The average direct economic burden of each case was 19.5 thousand RMB and the average indirect economic burden caused by DALYs was 69.1 thousand RMB. ConclusionThere's heavy burden from AMES, and measures should be made to reduce the incidence and economic burden.
ObjectiveTo investigate the burden of disease in Xinjin county of Chengdu city from 2009 to 2010. so as to provide baseline data for the study on the healthcare service system. MethodsThe prevalence of diseases among outpatients and inpatients in Xinjin county was collected and then analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 software. Resultsa) The numbers of out-patient and in-patients with the top 20 diseases had been increased by 106.8% and 43.2%, respectively in 2010 than those in 2009. According to International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10, the diagnosis of the diseases involved in 11 types of diseases among outpatients. For out-patients, the top 3 categories were diseases of respiratory, digestive systems and injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, accounting for 85.06% and 82.69% of total diseases in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Among them, upper respiratory infections, acute bronchitis and superficial injury cumulatively accounted for 61.61% in 2009 and 59.53% in 2010. b) The diagnosis of the diseases involved in 12 types of diseases among in-patients. For in-patients, the top 4 categories were diseases of the respiratory system, pregnancy, disease during childbirth and puerperium, digestive and the circulatory systems. Among them, the diseases of the respiratory system accounted for 53.55% and 50.82% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The top 4 diseases among in-patients were acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, COPD, and acute gastritis, accounting for 48.12% and 49.54% cumulatively in 2009 and 2010. Meanwhile, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes increased dramatically into the top 10 diseases. c) The acute diseases were mainly distributed in township hospitals, while the chronic diseases were mainly distributed in county-level hospitals. ConclusionThe major burden of diseases is the diseases of the respiratory, digestive and circulatory diseases in Xinjin county of Chengdu city from 2009 to 2010. The chronic diseases are mainly distributed in county-level hospitals, while the acute diseases are mainly distributed in township hospitals or community healthcare centres. The common diseases are relatively stable which provide better conditions for the selection and use of the essential medical services and essential medicine list.
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological burden and trend of skin malignant melanoma in China based on the data from the global burden of disease 2019 (GBD 2019). MethodsThe data about quantity of incidences/illnesses/deaths, age-standardized incidence/prevalence rates/mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and DALY rate of skin malignant melanoma in China from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the GBD 2019 databases. The epidemiological trends, age-period-cohort trends, and the relationship between the incidence and sociodemographic index (SDI) were analyzed.ResultsIn 2019, both prevalence and incidence of skin malignant melanoma in China were at low levels in the world, the age-standardized mortality ranked the 35th in the 204 countries GBD researched, the number of prevalent cases and incident cases increased compared with 1990 (12.65% and 3.57%, respectively), the prevalence and incidence rates showed growth trends, while the DALY rate and mortality decreased slowly. The prevalence of skin malignant melanoma peaked age at 50 to 54 years old. The incidence peak age of males was older than that of females (55-59 years old for males vs. 50-54 years old for females), while the mortality peak age of males was younger than that of females (55-59 years old for males vs. 75-79 years old for females). With the increasing of SDI value, the incidence of skin malignant melanoma showed a linear growth trend. DALY rate was negatively correlated with SDI (P<0.05). ConclusionFrom 1990 to 2019, age-standardized incidence and prevalence of skin malignant melanoma in China are increasing, while DALY rate and mortality are decreasing, and these are correlated with social and medical development.
ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by tracheoscopy intervention altimeter and analyze and compare its financial burden.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 419 hospitalized patients with CAP was carried in respiratory medicine department of four hospitals from July 1, 2017 to August 31, 2018 (Changhai Hospital, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai First People’s Hospital, and Baoshan Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital). According to the time of tracheoscopy intervention treatment, they were divided into 3 groups: 127 patients treated with tracheoscopy intervention during the initial treatment period (within 72 h after obtaining imaging diagnosis) were included in an early intervention group, 158 patients treated with tracheoscopy intervention 72 h after obtaining imaging diagnosis were included in a medium-term intervention group, and 134 patients treated without tracheoscopy intervention were included in a non-intervention group. The total efficiency of treatment, improvement of clinical symptoms, imaging absorption, serum inflammation index level, sputum culture positive rate, change rate, efficiency after drug change, hospital stay and hospitalization cost were compared among three groups.ResultsThe total efficiency of treatment in the early intervention group was higher than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05), and the time of normality of body temperature, the time of disappearance of strong sputum and cough in the early intervention group, the absorption time of chest X-rays were shorter than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); peripheral blood hemoglobin, serum calcitonin and hypersensitive C reactive protein levels were lower than those in the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05), and the sputum-positive and drug-change rates in the early intervention group and the medium-term intervention group were higher than those in the non-intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the duration of hospital stay in the early intervention group was shorter than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, and the cost of hospitalization was less than that of the medium-term intervention group and the non-intervention group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionTracheoscopy intervention treatment in the initial period of CAP not only significantly improves the efficacy, but also significantly reduces treatment costs and length of hospitalization, hence it is worth clinical promotion.