【Abstract】 Objective To study the effects of different levels estradiol on inhibitory of tamoxifen on human mammary cancer cells(ER+) in vitro. Methods Estrogen receptor (ER) positive MCF7 human breast cancer cell line was treated by the same level of tamoxifen and different levels of estradiol in vitro. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Results E2 at concentrations between 1 × 10-12 mol/L to 1× 10-7 mol / L significantly stimulated the growth of MCF 7 . TAM (10 μmol/ L) inhabited the growth of MCF7 significantly. E2 at different levels may influence inhibitory of tamoxifen on MCF7 cell lines. E2 (1×10-8 mol/L) makes inhibitory of tamoxifen on MCF7 cell lines valueless.Conclusion E2 is the risk factor of breast cancer, and the concentration around breast cancer cells may influence the effects of TAM.
Objective To investigate the role of β-catenin gene in breast tumorigenesis by detecting mutation and expression of β-catenin gene in breast hyperplasia and breast cancer. Methods Mutation and expression of β-catenin gene in 42 breast cancer, 15 simple hyperplasia and 15 atypical hyperplasia were detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism and immunohistochemistry. Results Normal expression of β-catenin occurred in tissue of breast simple hyperplasia. The rate of abnormal expression of β-catenin in tissue of breast atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer were 26.7% （4/15） and 59.5% （25/42）, respectively, which were higher than that of simple hyherplasia tissue (P＜0.05). And there was a markedly difference between the atypical hyperplasia tissue and breast cancer tissue (P＜0.05). Mutation of β-catenin gene wasn’t detected in this three kinds of tissues. Conclusion Abnormal expression of β-catenin plays an important role in human breast tumorigenesis, reason of abnormal expression of β-catenin isn’t mutation of β-catenin gene. Expression of β-catenin can be regulated by other mechanisms.
Objective To determine the investigation progression on exemestane in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods The literatures of recent years on the studies of exemestane were reviewed. Results Exemestane is an effective steroidal aromatase inactivator with superior tolerability, safety and efficacy in the adjuvant, neo-adjuvant and metastatic therapy of breast cancer. Conclusion With the progression of clinical trial with exmestane, exemestane will be regarded as an important drug in comprehensive therapy of breast cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the changes of myoepithelial cells in mammary atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer. MethodsSP immunohistochemistry was used to detect actin expression in normal breast tissue, grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer. Electromicroscopy was used to observe the changes of ultrastructure of myoepithelial cells. Results Actin was only detected in myoepithelial cells of normal breast tissue and grade Ⅰand Ⅱ atypical hyperplasia. The positive expression rates of actin in grade Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia（70%） and breast cancer（90%） were significantly higher than that in grade Ⅱ atypical hyperplasia（10%），P＜0.01. In mammary atypical hyperplasia, the number of myoepithelial cells increased with disturbed alignment and abnormal ultrastructure. The changes included that the protrusions on the cell surface diminished, myofilaments and pinosomes in the myoepithelial cells of grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ atypical hyperplasia decreased, and the irregularity of the nuclear morphosis and the increase of nuclear heterochromosome were found. ConclusionThe changes of actin expression in atypical hyperplasia are possibly correlated with carcinogenesis of breast cancer, and myoepithelial cells may play a role in carcinogenesis of breast cancer.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the localized biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions (NPBLs) and its role in the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. MethodsOne hundred and fifty-eight NPBLs from a series of 141 women detected by mammography were resected with wire localization technique. ResultsForty-two lesions (26.6%, 42/158) in 42 patients were diagnosed with malignant result, including 12(28.6%) patients with stage 0 breast cancer, 24(57.1%) with stageⅠ, 2(4.8%) with stage Ⅱ and 4(9.5%) with stage Ⅲ disease according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system（the 6th edition）. The contralateral axillary lymph nodes metastasis were found in only one (2.4%) patient with stage Ⅲ disease and the other fortyone patients remained free of recurrent disease at a median follow-up of 31 months.ConclusionThe results showed that the most nonpalpable breast cancers detected by mammography were earlystage breast cancers and had good prognosis. The NPBLs should get a localized biopsy in order to facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of nonpalpable breast cancers.
To study the relationship between the expression and contents of cell adhesion molecule CD15 and differentiation and lymph nodes metastasis of breast carcinomas, CD15 expression and its contents in 94 cases of breast carcinomas and or cases of normal breast tissue were evaluated by microwave-SP immunohistochemical chenique combined with image analysis. CD15 immunoreactivity in normal breast tissue was mainly localised at the border of gland, but in breast cancer tissues it was mainly localised in the membrane and cytoplasm. Positive rate of CD15 and its average optic density in breast carcinomas were significantly higher than those in normal breast tissue (Ｐ＜0.05 and Ｐ＜0.001, respectively). The worse tumors differentiated and the earlier lymph nodes metastasized, the higher CD15 expressed and its optic density was measured (Ｐ＜0.05 and Ｐ＜0.001, respectively). These results suggest that CD15 expression and its contents might be a useful indicator to evaluate the malignancy and biological features, and could be considered as a good prognostic predictor for breast carcinomas.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of As2O3 on expression of NF-κB p65, survivin and caspase-3 in human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma xenograft model on nude mice. Methods A human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma model on nude mice was established and the nude mice were divided randomly into three groups: control group, DDP group and As2O3 group （1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg concentrations）. The expression of survivin mRNA was detected with the method of in situ hybridization and the expressions of NF-κB p65, survivin and caspase-3 protein were measured with immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe positive rates of NF-κB p65 and survivin expression were higher in the control group than those in the DDP group and the As2O3 groups, but that of caspase-3 was on the opposite way (P＜0.01). The positive rates of NF-κB p65 and survivin in As2O3 group were negatively related with the concentrations of As2O3 (P＜0.01), but that of caspase-3 was on the opposite way (P＜0.01). The expressions of NF-κB p65 and survivin protein were positively correlated with that of survivin mRNA, but any of them was negatively correlated with the expression of caspase-3 protein. ConclusionAs2O3 inhibites survivin probably by inhibiting the activity of NFκB p65 and subsequently activates caspase-3, which induces apoptosis of human breast infiltrating duct carcinoma cells and is in a dose-dependent manner.
Objective To investigate the expression of claudin-1 in breast tumor tissues and the relationship of development and progress of breast neoplasm．Methods The expressions of claudin-1 in 89 cases of breast cancer and 37 benign breast diseases were tested by tissue chip technology and immunohistochemistry．The relationships of claudin-1 expression to the lymph node metastasis，TNM staging，maximum diameter of the tumor，and histology grade were statistically analyzed．Results The expression of claudin-1 in the breast cancer was significantly lower than that in the benign breast disease（χ2=19.20，P=0.000 2）．The claudin-1 expression in the patients with lymph node metastasis was significantly lower than that without lymph node metastasis （χ2=3.85，P=0.049 7）．The claudin-1 expression in the stageⅢ of TNM staging was weaker than that in the stage Ⅰ（χ2=5.29，P=0.021 4） and stage Ⅱ （χ2=7.46，P=0.006 3），respectively. There was no significant difference of the claudin-1 expression in the different maximum diameters of tumor （χ2=1.58，P=0.453 8） or histology grades （χ2=1.02，P=0.600 5），respectively．Conclusions The expression of claudin-1 might be correlated with the occurrence，development，and metastasis in breast tumor．It may be one of the potential indicator for lymph node metastasis and prognosis assessment in breast cancer．
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo detect expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin in breast cancer and analyze the relationship between those expressions and biological behaviors of breast cancer. MethodsFifty-four female patients with breast cancer received modified -radical -mastectomy or radical mastectomy in our department from August 1998 to March 1999. Their ages ranged from 30 years to 76 years and the postoperative follow-up time ranged from 6 to 67 months. Sixteen patients died during their follow-up time. The expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin in specimens of 54 breast carcinomas and 21 normal breast tissues around tumor were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results In normal breast tissues, E-cadherin and α-catenin were expressed on cell membrance of ductal and acinic cells. No abnormal expressions were found in normal breast tissues. The abnormal expression rates of E-cadherin and α-catenin in breast cancer were 51.9% and 63.0% respectively. Abnormal expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin were significantly correlated with histological grade and proliferative grade. Abnormal expression of α-catenin was significantly correlated with TNM staging, axillary lymph node metastasis and postoperative distant metastasis. Abnormal expression of Ecadherin was positively correlated with expression of HER-2. COX multiple factor analysis suggested that neither E-cadherin nor α-catenin expression was an independent prognostic indicator of breast cancer. ConclusionAbnormal expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin frequently occur in breast cancer. Abnormal expressions of E-cadherin and α-catenin are correlated with disturbance of proliferation and differentiation of breast cancer and its metastasis.
Objective To investigate expression of p16 protein in breast cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Using immunohistochemical techniques (LSAB) the expression of p16 protein in 107 breast carcinomas was examined. Results The positive rate of p16 protein expression was 40.19% (43/107). The p16 protein over expression of the cases surviving ≤5 years and surviving ≥10 years were 8.00% and 75.68% respectively. Conclusion Expression of p16 protein might play an important role in the prognosis of breast cancer.