Objective To review the research progress of cartilage ol igomeric matrix protein (COMP). Methods Domestic and abroad l iterature about COMP was reviewed and summarized. Results COMP was one of the osteoarthritis (OA) biomarkers of being widely studied. Most studies in recent years could draw the conclusion that COMP was associated with OA. COMP was the foremost biomarker among investgated biomarkers. It could been continuously expressed and predicted knee OA progression. Conclusion Precisely what role COMP plays in OA pathogenesis remains unclear, using COMP as a tool to early diagnose OA more studies would be needed.
Objective To select relatively specific biomarkers in serum from lung adenocarcinoma patients using surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry （SELDI-TOF-MS） Protein Chip technology, and study the follow-up results of postoperative serum proteomic patterns. Methods Serum samples from 71 lung adenocarcinoma patients. 71 healthy volunteers with matched gender, age and history of smoking were analyzed by using weak cation exchange 2（WCX2） Protein Chip to select potentially biomarkers. Seventy-one patients were followed-up till 9 months after surgery. Compare the serum proteomic patterns 3,6 and 9 months after surgery. Results Five highly expressed potential biomarkers were identified with the relative molecular weights of 4 047.79, 4 203. 99, 4 959. 81, 5 329. 30 and 7 760. 12 Da. The postoperative serum proteomic patterns changed among individuals, and correlated with patients＇ clinical stage. Conclusions SELDI-TOF-MS Protein Chip technology is a quick, easy, convenient, and high-throughout analyzing method capable of selecting relatively specific, potential biomarkers from the serum of lung adenocarcinoma patients and may have attractive clinical value.
Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (PLAM) is a rare chronic multi-system neoplastic disease that occurs in women of childbearing age. It lacks specific clinical manifestations and requires reliable biomarkers to achieve precise management. In recent years, with the emergence of emerging biomarkers, the detection rate of PLAM has been significantly improved, which can better monitor disease progression and provide timely feedback on the efficacy. These emerging biomarkers mainly include vascular endothelial growth factor-D, vitamin D-binding protein, CT score and prostaglandins. This article will focus on the current research results, and summarize the research progress of emerging biomarkers in PLAM diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and disease monitoring, aiming to provide new ideas for the research and treatment of PLAM.
Objective To measure the expression level of Myc-interacting zinc finger protein-1 (MIZ1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with severe and non-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its relationship with inflammatory factors. Methods Thirty-six CAP patients from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from April 2018 to June 2019 were enrolled in this study. MIZ1 mRNA level in PBMC were measured by reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and interferon-α in the serum of patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of MIZ1 mRNA and inflammatory factors were compared between the severe CAP patients and the non-severe CAP patients. Results Compared with non-severe CAP patients, the MIZ1 mRNA level in the PBMC of severe CAP patients was lower (P<0.05) than non-severe group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the expression level of MIZ1 in PBMC was calculated according to whether CAP was severe or non-severe, and the area under ROC curve was 0.731 (P=0.018). Spearman correlation analysis showed that MIZ1 mRNA was negatively correlated with IL-10 level in the severe CAP patients (Spearman correlation co-efficient was –0.620, P<0.05). Conclusions MIZ1 may indicate the severity of CAP. MIZ1 may affect IL-10 so as to play a role in inflammation regulation.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite growing efforts for its early detection by screening populations at risk, the majority of lung cancer patients are still diagnosed in an advanced stage. In the last decade, the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been improved significantly. Emerging options of targeted therapies and immunotherapies have shifted the management of lung cancer to a more personalized treatment approach, significantly influencing the clinical course and outcome of the disease. At present, molecular biomarkers are becoming a powerful tool for diagnosing cancer, predicting treatment response outcomes, and assessing prognosis. In this review, we summarized the biomarkers relevant to the diagnosis, prediction, and prognosis of NSCLC as well as promising novel predictive biomarkers in the future.
Acute kidney injury (AKI), as a complex and severe kidney disease, has always been the hotspot of research. The epidemiological research of AKI in China has made significant progress, including initially reports on the domestic incidence of AKI, geographical distribution and risk factors; however, accompanying challenges like AKI prevention and treatment emerge. For improvement of the diagnosis and treatment of the AKI, this article summarizes and analyses the two challenges: early warning biomarkers and AKI treatment strategies, based on new ideas and research progress. The aim is to make Chinese nephrology scholars and specialists realize the focus of AKI prevention and protection of renal function, to standardize the treatment strategy of AKI, and to put forward the direction of future research.
ObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis and systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of microRNAs as a diagnostic tool for individuals with epilepsy. MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed to collect literature on miRNA diagnosis of epilepsy up to January 1, 2024. Two researchers independently screened and extracted the literature and resolved discrepancies by negotiation. The QUADAS-2 evaluation tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4, Meta-Disc 1.4, and Stata 17.0. Results A total of 17 papers were included, including 942 patients with epilepsy and 932 healthy controls. miRNA in the diagnosis of epilepsy had a combined sensitivity of 0.76 [95%CI (0.71, 0.79)], combined specificity of 0.78 [95%CI (0.74, 0.82)], and area under the SROC curve of 0.84 [95%CI (0.80, 0.87)]. Subgroup analysis showed that miRNA had higher diagnostic value for temporal lobe epilepsy, especially medial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS). ConclusionThe study suggests that miRNA may be a promising tool for the diagnosis of epilepsy, especially temporal lobe epilepsy, but more high-quality studies are needed to support it.
Telomeres play an important role in maintaining genomic stability and cell life. Accumulating studies show that telomeres are closely related to human aging, cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. There are a series of researches about telomeres and atherosclerosis across the world, including studies on the relationship between atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and telomere length, and on telomere-targeted treatments for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Telomeres may be a risk predictor or a new therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the relationship between telomeres and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, introduces the research progress of telomere length and cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and the possible mechanisms of their association, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for exploring new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
Tear fluid, as an important ocular surface fluid, can effectively reflect both ocular and systemic metabolic states through its compositional changes, making it an ideal source for discovering disease biomarkers. Current tear collection methods mainly include the Schirmer strip test and microcapillary collection, while detection technologies encompass enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, protein chip technology, mass spectrometry, Olink targeted proteomics, and bead-based multiplex assays. Studies have shown that various biomarkers in tear fluid—such as proteins, cytokines, and chemokines that are closely associated with the pathophysiological processes of fundus diseases including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, and uveitis, demonstrating potential as indicators for early diagnosis, disease assessment, and therapeutic monitoring. As a non-invasive and convenient detection tool, tear analysis shows broad application prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of fundus diseases. However, further optimization of collection and detection techniques, along with large-scale clinical studies to validate the clinical utility of tear biomarkers, is still needed to promote their standardization and widespread adoption in clinical practice.
Objective To review the research progress of C terminal propeptide of collagen type II (CTX-II), a osteoarthritis (OA) biomarker. Methods Domestic and international l iterature about CTX-II was reviewed extensively and summarized. Results CTX-II is investigated broadly and has the best performance of all currently available biomarkers. CTX-II is a truly useful biomarker for early diagnosis, prognosis, and measurement of treatment response in OA. Conclusion Single CTX-II may be not sufficient for early diagnosis and prognosis of OA, so a combination of CTX-II and other biomarkers or diagnosis methods is needed.