Objective To evaluate the effects of mass immunization campaign on the epidemiological characteristics of measles. Methods Comparison was made between the incidences of measles before and after the mass immunization campaign in 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city. Results The total number of the reported measles cases reached 460 during 2004 to 2007 in Shunqing prefecture of Nanchong city, and the respective annual rates of incidence were 4.04, 23.53, 11.84, and 33.57, respectively per 100 000 heads. Cases reported from April to July accounted to 73.91% of the total (340/460). Children under 15 were reported to have the highest incidence rate and accounted to 83.70% of the total (385/460), of which incidences of children under 1 accounted to 0%, 10.81%, 13.51% and 25.82%, respectively. Only 20.00% of the subjects (92/460) in this study had a definite history of measles vaccination. After the mass immunization campaign in September, 2007, only 10 cases were reported in 2008 and the incidence rate was 1.58 per 100 000 heads, a 95.29% decrease in incidence rate in comparison with that of the last year. Conclusion The mass immunization campaign has achieved substantial results.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese angelica decoction (CAD) versus conventional treatment (CT) for chronic urticaria (CU). Methods Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, SCI, EMbase, VIP, CNKI and CBM to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CAD treating CU from inception to July 2011. Two reviewers independently screened articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies. Then meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.0.2. Results A total of 11 RCTs involving 1081 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis demonstrated that compared with the CT group (antihistamine therapy), CAD seemed higher in the cure rate (OR=2.36, 95%CI 1.80 to 3.10, I2=22%, Plt;0.000 01), improvement rate (OR=4.56, 95%CI 2.65 to 7.87, I2=0%, Plt;0.000 01), and lower in the relapse rate at the third month after the treatment (OR=0.43, 95%CI 0.22 to 0.82, I2=0%, P=0.01). No study reported the quality of life and severe adverse reactions after CAD treatment. Conclusion Current evidence shows CAD may be superior to CT in treating CU patients. However, due to lack of enough high-quality studies, CAD has to be further studied by conducting more strictly-designed, multicenter, large-scale and double-blind RCTs.
Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of desloratadine in the patients with chronic urticaria(cu). Methods We searched PubMed, Blackwell, BIOSIS Preview, The Cochrane Library, VIP and CNKI electronically from January 1, 2000 to April, 2008. Relevant journals and conference proceedings were also handsearched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing desloratadine with other medicines in the patients with CIU were considered eligible. The quality of the included trials was assessed by the Jadad scale, and meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.0 software. Results Nineteen trials involving 3,448 participants contributed to the meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicated that desloratadine showed similar effect on the improvement of signs and symptoms compared with loratadine RR 1.04 and 95%CI 0.99 to 1.09, mizolastine in RR 0.99 and 95%CI 0.92 to 1.07, cetirizine RR 1.05 and 95%CI 0.97 to 1.13 and terfenadine RR 1.10 and 95%CI 0.84 to 1.44. And desloratadine had similar safety to mizolastine RR 0.84 and 95%CI 0.45 to 1.58, ceririzine RR 0.67 and 95%CI 0.67 and 0.39 to 1.15 and terfenadine RR 0.44 and 95%CI 0.17 to 1.10. Desloratadine was safer than loratadine RR 0.74 and 95%CI 0.55 to 1.00. Conclusions Desloratadine, the active metabolite of loratadine, is an oral, once-daily, non-sedating antihistamine that is effective in the treatment of CIU. Desloratadine provides rapid and sustained relief of CIU symptoms.
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between mycoplasma pneumonia infection (MP) and acute urticaria (AU). MethodsFrom December 2011 to November 2012, in the department of clinical laboratory of the Lishui Central Hospital, the blood samples of 178 patients with acute urticaria (group AU) and 200 healthy volunteers (group C) who initially visited this hospital were collected to detect the MP-IgM+IgG+IgA antibody in the serum. The occurrence of positive MP antibody was recorded and the positive rate was calculated. ResultsCompared with group C, the incidence of positive MP was significantly increased in group AU (P < 0.01). ConclusionMycoplasma pneumoniae infection may be one of the causes of acute urticaria.
Objective This review compared clinical effectiveness, cardiac safety and economics of astemizole, loratadine, cetirizine and terfenadine to provide evidence for adjustment of Essential Drug List in China. Search strategy We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase and Chinese Biomedical Database. Fourteen databases for drug safety and pharmaceutical economics were additionally searched. Selection Criteria Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, published in English and Chinese and comparing two or more of these four antihistamines for allergic rhinitis and urticaria were included for study of effectiveness. Non-randomized clinical trials were additionally included for economic evaluation. Cardiac safety studies of antihistamines for allergic diseases of any type were included. Quality Appraisal Jadad scale was primarily applied to randomized controlled trials. Allocation concealment and intention-to-treat analysis were also appraised. The QUOROM statement was applied to systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Data extraction and analyses For the study of effectiveness, composite data were primarily extracted and analyzed by fixed effect model. Sensitivity analysis was done to explore the heterogeneity. For the study of cardiac safety, cases of adverse drug reactions and death were summarized. Difference of occurrence rate in sex and age were analyzed if possible.Electrocardiography and clinical symptoms were summarized. Results No studies on economic evaluation were identified. 27 and 6 randomized controlled trials, including 3 227 participants, for allergic rhinitis and urticaria were identified. Cetirizine was superior to loratadine (n=709) in symptom score and onset of action, superior to terfenadine (n=645) in Quality of Life and superior to astemizole (n=498) in patient satisfaction and onset of action. 73 h-ADR cases were identified in astemizole, 27 cases in terfenadine, 1 case in loratadine and none in cetirizine. No deaths were identified. Combination of terfenadine plus grapefruit juice (n=l8), itraconazole (n=6), nefazodone (n=67), and loratadine administration concomitant with cemitidine (n=30) significantly prolonged QTc interval. Conclusions Cetirizine was superior to other three antihistamines in terms of clinical effectiveness and drug safety. Astemizole and terfenadine could cause significantly more cardiac-related adverse reactions than cetirizine and loratadine.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and chronic urticarial (CU). MethodsWe searched databases including The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2015), PubMed, EMbase, CBM, VIP, CNKI and WanFang Data from inception to January 2016, to collect case-control studies about the association between DHEA-S and CU. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 8 papers involving 9 case-control studies were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that DHEA-S might be associated with CU (SMD=-0.93, 95%CI -1.35 to -0.50, P<0.000 01). Subgroup analysis by the difference of measuring methods, indicated that DHEA-S might be associated with CU (ECLIA: SMD=-0.75, 95% CI -1.08 to -0.42, P<0.000 01; ELISA: SMD=-0.59, 95% CI -0.87 to -0.31, P<0.000 1; EIA: SMD=-2. 70, 95% CI -3.30 to -2.10, P<0.000 01). Sensitivity analysis showed that our results were reliable and stable. ConclusionThe meta-analysis suggests that DHEA-S might be associated with CU. Due to the limited quality and quantity of included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.
目的：观察卡介菌多糖核酸联合润燥止痒胶囊治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效。方法： 将2008年4月~2009年4月门诊就诊的86例慢性荨麻疹患者随机分成两组，治疗组44例采用卡介菌多糖核酸2 mL肌注，隔日1次，18次为1疗程；同时予口服润燥止痒胶囊4粒，3次/d，连续治疗36天；对照组42例单独口服润燥止痒胶囊，方法疗程同治疗组。结果： 治疗组有效率为90.91%,对照组为7143%。两组比较差异有显著性（Plt;005）。结论： 卡介菌多糖核酸联合润燥止痒胶囊治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效确切。