为实现培养实用型与创新性相结合人才的教育目标,我们对传统的预防医学实验教学模式进行了改革,包括实验内容、考核方式、学生参与实验准备等环节。通过改革,充分激发了学生的积极性和自主性,提高了学生的实际动手能力,增强了学生的团队合作精神和创新意识,有利于学生综合素质的提高。
ObjectiveTo investigate the awareness of diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevention and treatment knowledge of diabetic patients in the community of Shenzhen, and analyze its influencing factors.MethodsA cluster random sampling method was used to select 904 patients with diabetes diagnosed in 6 community health service centers in 2 administrative districts of Shenzhen and included in this study. Questionnaire survey of patients were performed to understand their knowledge of DR prevention and treatment. The multi-factor logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the related influencing factors of DR prevention knowledge awareness.ResultsAmong 904 patients, 144 patients (15.93%, 144/904) knew about DR prevention and treatment knowledge. The highest awareness rate were about "Diabetes can affect vision and even cause blindness" (88.60%, 801/904). The lowest awareness rate (6.20%, 56/904) were about "DR treatment methods". About "diabetes requires regular fundus examinations" and "diabetics", the awareness rate of fundus examination interval were less than 50.00%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender [odds ratio (OR)=1.595], education level (OR=2.963, 3.937), monthly income level (OR=3.871, 4.675), diabetes course ≥15 years (OR=1.829), treatment measures (OR=3.318, 4.512). Whether people had DR (OR=1.605) were important factors that affected the awareness of DR prevention and treatment knowledge (P＜0.05).ConclusionsThe overall awareness of DR prevention and treatment knowledge among diabetic patients in the community of Shenzhen is relatively low. Males, low education and income levels are the main influencing factors.
Myopia has become a major problem that threatens human health worldwide. Complications caused by high myopia are one of the leading causes of low vision and blindness. As a chronic disease that seriously threatens ocular health in the clinical practice and public health fields, the prevention and control of high myopia should actively promote a tertiary prevention strategy, and take advantages of the latest fundus imaging technology and big data technology, artificial intelligence to explore the evolution mechanism of “myopia→high myopia→pathological myopia”. Special efforts should be focused on the establishment of a scientific myopia prediction model, implementation of effective high myopia monitoring and management, and early detection and treatment of complications of high myopia to reduce the incidence of low vision and blindness.
Prevention and treatment of infants and young children can avoid blindness, effectively reduce the incidence of children's blindness and vision loss. Eye diseases causing blindness in infants and young children mainly include retinopathy of prematurity, retinoblastoma, familial exudative retinopathy, persistent embryonic blood vessels, vitreous hemorrhage, congenital cataract, etc. Most of them are preventable and controllable, however, many diseases have strict requirements for the effective treatment time window. The basic form and path to carry out the prevention and control of blinding eye diseases in infants and young children are building a prevention and control system with a combination of multi-party medical forces, referral to pediatric eye disease institutions with relevant technical resources for further diagnosis and treatment, so as to achieve early detection, standardized treatment and visual training.
The prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important strategic content of blindness prevention and treatment in China. Medical institutions including remote areas have strengthened the awareness of neonatal fundus screening, however, there are problems of vague screening standards, mainly manifested in expanding the scope of screening and even universal screening of newborns. At the same time, all kinds of fundus changes found in the examination cannot be correctly interpreted and handled, which increase the economic and psychological burden of children's families. In addition, with the wide application of intravitreal injection of anti-neovascular endothelial growth factor, problems such as improper grasp of indications and improper treatment of complications have become increasingly prominent. At this stage, it is urgent to strengthen the construction of ROP prevention and control network, which is suitable for China's national conditions, led by the government and coordinated participation of health and medical institutions at all levels.
Objective To evaluate the changes in oral health knowledge, behavior and attitude of undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine before and after the course “Oral Preventive Medicine”, and to provide empirical evidence for the teaching reform of preventive medicine undergraduate programs, thereby enhancing teaching effectiveness and the significance of the course. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine at the West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University in 2024, before and after the compulsory course “Oral Preventive Medicine”. Results A total of 124 undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine were surveyed. After the course, undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine had changed their oral related knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. The correctness of the answers and the usage rate of Bass brushing technique were both increased; The self-evaluation of oral health status (χ2=5.017, P=0.025) and brushing effect (χ2=22.200, P<0.001) were both improved; The perceived benefits of brushing (t=2.515, P=0.013) and behavioral intention to brush teeth (t=5.381, P<0.001) were both improved, while the perceived barriers to brushing was reduced (t=−3.999, P<0.001). Conclusions The course “Oral Preventive Medicine” effectively enhanced the oral health literacy of undergraduate students majoring in preventive medicine, confirming its practical value in undergraduate teaching reform. It provides an important reference for optimizing the curriculum system of preventive medicine, has positive significance for cultivating public health talents with comprehensive health literacy.