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Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography and Plasma D-imer in Diagnosis of Lower Limb Venous Thrombosis

Objective To explore the value of color Doppler ultrasonography and plasma D-dimer in diagnosis of lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT).Methods The clinical data of 70 cases of patients with lower limb DVT diagnosed clinically were retrospectively studied. The lower limb venous of each patient was examined by color Doppler ultrasonography and the plasma level of D-dimer were measured, furthermore the plasma levels of D-dimer in different phase and different type of thrombosis were compared. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of plasma D-dimer and ultrasonography examination in lower limb DVT were 100%, 66.7%, 97.0%, 100%, and 97.1%, and 98.4%, 83.3%, 98.4%, 83.3%, and 97.1%, respectively. The plasma D-dimer in acute phase 〔(6 451±4 012.22) μg/L〕 and subacute phase 〔(2 063±1831.35) μg/L〕 of lower limb venous thrombosis were significantly higher than that in normal control group 〔(310±66.70) μg/L〕, Plt;0.01 and Plt;0.05, which was not different from that in chronic phase 〔(466±350.52) μg/L〕. Meanwhile, the plasma D-dimer in mixed limb venous thrombosis group 〔(4 464±3 753.16) μg/L〕 and central limb venous thrombosis group 〔(2 149±1 911.53) μg/L〕 were significantly higher than that in control group (Plt;0.05 and Plt;0.01), which was not different from that in peripheral limb venous thrombosis group 〔(560±315.62) μg/L〕. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography is an optimal method and the plasma D-dimer is a predictive index in diagnosis of lower limb DVT.

Application of MRA, IPVG and DUS in Hemodynamics Evaluation for Portal Hypertension

【Abstract】ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of MRA, IPVG and DUS in the hemodynamics studies of portal hypertension. MethodsThirtyeight patients with portal hypertension were examined with Philips Gyroscan 1.0 Tesla MR imaging system. 3DDCE MRA and 2DPC MR were used for study of portal venous anatomy and its hemodynamics. The results were compared with those obtained from IPVG and DUS. Results3DDCE MRA could clearly display the anatomical imaging of portal venous system and its imaging quality was better than that of IPVG. The data of hemodynamics from 2DPC MR including diameter, blood velocity and blood flow were closely correlated to those from DUS. ConclusionAs a noninvasive technique, MRA can display the anatomy of portal venous system and measure its hemodynamics exactly. It should be applied as the first choice in hemodynamics evaluation for portal hypertension.

下肢深静脉造影术的临床应用体会

Diagnosis of Esophageal and Gastric Varices by CT Portography or Endoscopy

目的　比较CT门静脉血管成像（CTP）与内镜诊断肝硬化胃食管静脉曲张的效果，探讨CTP对肝硬化门静脉高压侧支循环血管的显示及其在随访中的价值。 方法　对2010年1月－2011年12月收治的43例肝硬化患者行多排螺旋CT增强扫描门静脉血管成像，观察胃食管静脉曲张程度，及有无其他侧支开放，并在4周内行内镜检查，了解胃食管静脉曲张的程度。 结果　43例患者中有33例经胃镜确诊食管静脉曲张，其中CTP诊断与胃镜相符29例；胃镜诊断胃底静脉曲张14例，其中有12例CTP诊断与之相符；CTP诊断胃食管静脉曲张与内镜有较好的相关性和一致性，但在判断食管静脉曲张部位上与胃镜一致性较差。 结论　对肝硬化患者可采用CTP进行随访，以评估胃食管静脉曲张出血风险，可减少不必要的内镜随访。

Analysis on the Cause of Varicose Veins with Deep Vein Angiography

ObjectiveTo analyze the causes of lower extremity varicose veins and assess the value of deep vein imaging in diagnosing and treating venous diseases, according to deep vein angiography examination results under digital subtraction angiography. MethodsDuring January 2012 to January 2013, 689 cases of lower limb varicose veins in 394 patients underwent lower extremity deep venous anterograde contrast examination, among which 87 patients also underwent left femoral venous trocar puncture angiography examination and 46 patients underwent femoral vein puncture inferior vena cava angiography examination at the same time. Then the results of imaging data were analyzed. ResultsThe causes of lower limb varicosity, according to its incidence, were as follows:primary deep venous valve incompetence (349 limbs of 184 patients) accounting for 50.7%, simple varicose veins of lower limbs (148 limbs of 95 patients) accounting for 21.5%, left iliac vein compression syndrome (121 limbs of 69 patients) accounting for 17.6%, cloth plus syndrome (54 limbs of 34 patients) accounting for 7.8%, post-thrombotic syndrome (16 limbs of 11 patients) accounting for 2.3%, and Klipple-Trenaunay syndrome (1 patient) accounting for 0.1%. ConclusionVaricose vein of lower limb is a common clinical manifestation of a variety of diseases, and the primary deep venous valve incompetence is the leading cause. Varicose veins of lower limb deep vein angiography is a reliable method for examination of lower extremity venous disease, and a basis for the choice of other treatments as well.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. OF THE EFFECTS OF PREOPERATIVE VENOGRAPHY ON THE VEINS AND THEIR ANASTOMOSES

Standard venographies were pcrformed to evaluate the endothelial damage by the contrast medium. After different time intervals, the local veins were prepared for transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) investigation. The veins were in a dilated state after the angiographies, which lasted for about two days. The endothelial damage was most severe 1 day after the venography. Besides the lesions of extensive endothelial tissurs, dcsquamations, and the exposure of subendothelial tissues, microthrombi somethimes were found. Healing occurred within 3 days. The results this study has also verifieed that it was more valuable to study venogqaphic effects on veins with TEM and SEM.

下肢肿胀患者D2聚体和静脉造影的诊断价值

【摘要】 目的 探讨D2聚体对下肢静脉血栓形成的诊断价值。 方法 2009年1月-2010年1月，对80例下肢肿胀患者进行D2聚体和静脉造影检查，对检查结果进行回顾性分析。 结果 下肢完全型血栓12例，占15.00%，髂外、股总静脉血栓33例，占41.25%，腓肠肌静脉丛血栓9例，占11.25%。D2聚体与静脉造影的结果无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。D2聚体阳性者57例，非血栓性肿胀者中仅4例；D2聚体阴性者23例，非血栓性肿胀者22例。 结论 D2聚体为下肢血栓提供了一个敏感、有效地检查方法，其阴性的价值远远大于阳性价值，用于排除诊断更有意义。