目的:探讨主动脉夹层患者误诊的原因,提高主动脉夹层患者的早期诊断率,为及时、正确救治患者生命提供有力的科学依据。方法:回顾性分析3例主动脉夹层患者实际诊断与误诊的情况,查明误诊原因。结果:3例主动脉夹层患者经检查后证实,1例误诊为急性食道撕裂伤或消化性溃疡,占33.33%;1例误诊为急腹症,占33.33%;1例误诊为急性颅内病变,占33.33%。结论积极评估其病情的危险程度,监测生命体征,快速建立静脉通道,同时仔细询问相关病史,认真查体,积极采取相应辅助检查,可降低误诊率。
目的:探讨鼻咽癌延误诊断的原因。从而提高鼻咽癌患者的早期诊断率,改善治疗效果。方法: 回顾性分析324例在我科接诊前因各种因素而延误诊断的鼻咽癌患者首发症状、首诊误诊科室、误诊疾病。结果: 本组病例首发症状分别为颈部包块138例(42.5%)、鼻部症状148例(45.6%)、耳部症状66例(20.3%)、头痛46例(14.2%)、其他17例(5.2%),有两种首发症状的病例为91例。首诊误诊的疾病有颈部淋巴结炎、慢性鼻鼻窦炎、鼻出血、分泌性中耳炎、脑动脉硬化等27种疾病。涉及普外科、耳鼻咽喉科、神经内科、骨科、呼吸内科、口腔科、烧伤科、眼科、中医科等9个科室。结论: 加强鼻咽癌知识普及,完善继续医学教育及住院医师培训,积极寻找鼻咽癌的早期诊断方法能减少鼻咽癌的延误诊断。
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and possible reasons of the missed and inaccurate diagnosis of Fuchs syndrome. Methods The clinical data of 85 patients with Fuchs syndrome who were diagnosed and treated from June 1999 to December 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The disease history of each patient was carefully recorded. Slit-lamp microscopy was performed on the patients. The character and distribution of keratic precipitates (KP), color of the iris, depigmentation, and complications were noted in detail. The data recorded in other hospitals were analyzed and the reasons of missed and inaccurate diagnosis were statistically analyzed. Results The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 72 years, and binocular involvement was noted in 76 patients. None of the patients showed ciliary congestion and iris synechiae. Middle-sized or stellated KP was found. Triangle-distributed KP was seen in 13 patients, and diffuse distribution behind the corneal or in the pupil area was in 72. Anterior-chamber flare was observed in all of the patients, while anterior-chamber cells were only noted in 42 patients. The iris with different degrees of depigmentation was found in all the patients. Complicated cataract and increased intraocular pressure occured in 44 and 19 patients, respectively. The diagnosis in other hospitals mainly included uveitis, anterior uveitis and complicated cataract. Conclusions Fuchs syndrome is characterized by depigmented iris and typical KP. Missed and inaccurate diagnosis is mainly due to the unawareness of its clinical features. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005, 21: 360-362)