The present study was to examine the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) on bilateral regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) and postoperative cognitive function. Eighty patients undergoing selective coronary artery bypass graft with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly and equally divided into two groups. The patients in group S were given right SGB with ropivacaine, while the patients in group C were injected with normal saline. We compared the bilateral rSO2 after SGB. Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE), Visual Verbal Learning Test (VVLT), and Digital Span Test (DST) were applied to observe the effect on cognitive function. We found that the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) 7 days after surgery in group S was lower than that in group C. The level of blocked side rSO2 of S group were significantly higher before CPB time of rewarming than that before SGB (P＜0.05), much higher than corresponding non-blocked side rSO2 before CPB (P＜0.05), and much higher than rSO2 level in group C before CPB and after CPB(P＜0.05). The non-blocked side rSO2 in group S before anesthesia were much lower than basic levels and those in group C (P＜0.05). It could be concluded from the above results that there was significant increase in the blocked-side rSO2 compared to the non-blocked side and there was significant decrease in the incidence of POCD compared to the control group after SGB.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a series of structural cardiac abnormalities resulting from abnormal fetal heart development. With the prolongation of survival time, their cognitive function problems begin to be concerned. From fetus period to adulthood, people with complex CHD are more likely to have abnormalities in brains. Children with complex CHD have a significantly increased risk of developmental disorders in cognitive functions, such as intelligence, attention and psychosocial disorders. These diseases persist into their adulthood. Adults with CHD have earlier neurocognitive decline, poorer performance in intelligence, executive function, attention and academic achievement, and are more likely to have mood disorders, higher incidence of mental disorders and lower quality of life. This paper reviews the studies on cognitive function of adult patients with CHD from the dimension of the whole life cycle.
ObjectivesTo explore the characteristics of cognitive deficits of Benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS).MethodsA total of 61 BECTS patients who visited Neurology Clinic of Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University between September 2010 to December 2019 and 60 healthy controls were enrolled in our study. All patients and healthy controls performed a series of neuropsychological tests to assess their cognitive function in the "Multi-dimensional psychology" of Beijing Normal University, including attention; memory; arithmetic calculation; language processing; executive function; visuospatial processing; visual perception; psychomotor speed. Lastly, independent sample t-test and friedman test were performed on the scores of BECTS group and controls using SPSS 20.0 and we conducted a multi-factor comprehensive analysis of correlation between clinical criteria and cognitive dysfunction in BECTS.ResultsCompared with 60 healthy controls, the as group got an average score of 19.56±2.91 in Paired Association Learning Test (P<0.001), (23.67±9.50) in Word Discrimination Test (P=0.017), (61.45±13.14) in Object Quantity Perception Task (P=0.040), (6.54±1.47) in Digit Span Test (P<0.001), (5.79±5.90) in Vocal Perception Test (P<0.001), (35.10±2.33) in Taylor Complex Figure Test (P<0.001) and (700.34±493.053) (P=0.008) in Choice Reaction Time Test. The results of these tests are inferior to the control group and the remaining 10 tests are of no statistical significance. There were 36 children with onset of seizure before 8 years of age. Compared with the patients experienced onset of illness at a later age, the 36 patients exhibited lower scores in most of the neuropsychological tests including Visual Tracking Task, Spatial Memory Task, Simple Subtraction Task, Number Comparison Test, Language Rhyme Test, Word Discrimination Testand Visual Perception Task (P<0.05). 34 patients received monotherapy, and 27 received a combination of 2 or 3 anti-epileptic drugs. The scores of attention, memory, visual perception and reaction tests in the multi drug treatment group were lower than those in the single drug treatment group (P<0.05).ConclusionsChildren with BECTS have impairment in attention, vocal perception, visual perception, memory and psychomotor speed. The younger the age of onset, the more severe the cognitive impairments. The degree of cognitive deficitsinchildren treated with multi drugs was more serious than that of children treated with single drugs.
ObjectiveAnalyzing the seizure and cognitive outcome after different treatment by observation of a large group of intractable child epilepsy patients under 15 years old. MethodsCollecting data of children with Intractable epilepsy from Apirl 2008 to December 2013 in Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University. Three historical cohorts of intractable child epilepsy defined by the final treatment including medication, curative operation and palliative operation depending on the surgical assessment and the families intension was retrospectively observed. 1 year and 3 years follow-up postoperatively were conducted including seizure outcome and cognitive outcome. ResultsThe curative operation group had significant better seizure free rate, and cognitive statement than medication group. And, the seizure free and cognitive outcome were better in palliative operation group than the medication group. ConclusionsEarly surgical intervention is highly recommended for intractable epilepsy chilelren in order to improve both the seizure and cognitive prognosis.
This study uses mind-control game training to intervene in patients with mild cognitive impairment to improve their cognitive function. In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG) data of 40 participants were collected before and after two training sessions. The continuous complexity of EEG signals was analyzed to assess the status of cognitive function and explore the effect of mind-control game training on the improvement of cognitive function. The results showed that after two training sessions, the continuous complexity of EEG signal of the subject increased (0.012 44 ± 0.000 29, P < 0.05) and amplitude of curve fluctuation decreased gradually, indicating that with increase of training times, the continuous complexity increased significantly, the cognitive function of brain improved significantly and state was stable. The results of this paper may show that mind-control game training can improve the status of the brain cognitive function, which may provide support and help for the future intervention of cognitive dysfunction.
Objective To systematically review the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, and CBM databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes from inception to December 31, 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies; then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 12.0 software. ResultsA total of 32 studies involving 7 519 subjects were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the main influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients were age, duration of type 2 diabetes, educational level, cerebral infarction, hypertension, smoking, insulin resistance index, glycosylated hemoglobin, and homocysteine. ConclusionCurrent evidence shows that some factors such as age, duration, and educational level are the main influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetic patients. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusions.
ObjectiveTo investigate the status of newly diagnosed adult epilepsy in the General Hospital of Jilin Province, in order to improve the prevention and treatment of epilepsy. MethodsTo collect the clinical data of newly diagnosed adult epilepsy from October 2016 to February 2017, and to follow up 6 months. ResultsA total of 81 patients were included. At the last clinic visit, 73 cases origined from focal, 74 cases were positive in EEG examination, 56 cases were unknown etiology, 12 cases had hippocampal sclerosis, 48 cases were mildly declined cognitive function, and 30 cases were poor compliance. ConclusionThe newly diagnosed epilepsy were focal origin, delayed treatment, mildly declined cognitive function and poor compliance.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MethodsWe searched databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library (Issue 10, 2015), EMbase, PsycINF, EBSCO, CBM, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP from inception to October 2015 to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about rTMS for patients with MCI. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. ResultsA total of 5 RCTs involving 180 MCI patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the control group, rTMS treatment could significantly improve the overall cognitive abilities of MCI patients (SMD=2.53, 95% CI 0.91 to 4.16, P=0.002), as well as the single-domain cognitive performances, including tests for episodic memory (MD=0.98, 95% CI 0.24 to 1.72, P=0.01) and verbal fluency (MD=2.08, 95% CI 0.46 to 3.69, P=0.01). rTMS was a well-tolerated therapy, with slightly more adverse events observed than the control group (RD=0.09, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.18, P=0.04), but cases were mainly transient headache, dizziness and scalp pain. ConclusionrTMS may benefit the cognitive abilities of MCI patients. Nevertheless, due to the limited quantity and quality of included studies, large-scale, multicenter, and high quality RCTs are required to verify the conclusion.