ObjectiveTo measure and analyze the oxygen saturation and retinal blood vessel diameter in the eyes of patients with convalescence Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 28 eyes of 14 patients with convalescence VKH syndrome (VKH group) and 20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects (control group) were enrolled. The oxygen saturation and retinal blood vessel diameter were detected by spectrophotometric oximetry unit. Retinal images were collected using filters with wavelengths of 570 nm and 600 nm in the darkroom by the same technologist and then the fused image was obtained. The oxygen saturation of retinal vessels was marked in different colors. The measurement was repeated 2-3 times for each patient, then take an average. A top-quality image in each eye was selected to detect the oxygen saturation and diameter of retinal vessel which located in 1.5-3.0 disc diameter from the optic disc. Image analysis and data acquisition were completed by another technologist. ResultsRetinal venous oxygen saturation was (54.34±8.05)% in the VKH group and (60.07±7.91)% in the control group. The former was lower than the latter, the difference was significant (t=2.443, P=0.017). The mean diameter of retinal arteries was (102.8±18.1) μm in the VKH group and (112.9±19.8) μm in the control group. The former was smaller than the latter, the difference was significant (t=2.406, P=0.018). There was no significant difference of the mean diameter of retinal veins, oxygen saturation of retinal arteries and the arterial-venous difference between two groups (t=-0.330, 0.804, -0.631; P=0.743, 0.403, 0.536). ConclusionsRetinal venous oxygen saturation and the mean diameter of retinal arteries are significantly decreased in patients with VKH syndrome. There is no significant difference of diameter of retinal veins, oxygen saturation of retinal arteries and the arterial-venous difference between VKH syndrome patients and healthy subjects.
OBJECTIVE :To investigate ocular vessel flow velocity in normal eyes by color Doppler imaging(CDI). METHODS: Ninety people (180 normal eyes)had flow velocity measured by CDI in three vessels,ophthalmic artery (OA),central retinal artery(CRA) and posterior ciliary artery (PCA),and the relations between velocity and affecting factors were analysed. RESULT: The diastolic and systolic velocity of OA,CRA and PCA were (31.7plusmn;10.9)cm/s, (7.2plusmn;2.6)cm/,s, (10.2plusmn;3.4)cm/s, (2.8plusmn;1.2)cm/s and (11.3plusmn;3.6)cm/s, (3.2plusmn;1.4)cm/s respectively. The velocity of OA had possitive correl-ativity with RBC,HCT and negative correlativity with age,while it revealed no relationship with sex, laterality of right or left eye,and normal IOP. CDI of ocular vessels in normal eyes is a triangle with three peaks and double sunkens in its frenquency spectum, revealed highly resistant,and both the pulsatility and resistive indexes were relatively high. The width of each frequency band basically was the same,and there was no obvious frequency window. CONCLUSION: The ocular application of CDI might lay the foundation of a comparatively comprehensive knowledge of the ocular hemodynamics. （Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,1997,13: 99-101）
Objective To study the proximal diameter changes of retinal blood vessel following branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods Color fundus photographs and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) photographs of 48 patients with typical unilateral BRVO were analyzed using IMAGEnet software. The diameter of retinal artery (RAD) and vein (RVD) close to optic disc (within one DD from the optic disc) in four quadrants including the affected quadrant were measured with linear measuring tools.Results The proximal diameter of RAD and RVD in corresponding normal quadrants of the BRVO eye had no significant change comparing with the contralateral eye. The proximal diameter of RAD, but not RVD of the affected quadrant such as superotemporal （t=-2.342, P=0.026）or inferotemporal （t=-3.069, P=0.010）quadrant, increased remarkably. Conclusions In corresponding affected quadrant with BRVO, only RAD close to optic disc increases markedly, RVD has no significant change.
Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the exp ression and function of integrin receptor αvβ3 of bovine retinal vascular endotheliocytes. Methods Bovine retinal vascular endotheliocy tes in the culture dishes coated by vitronectin was put into the normal and hypoxemic condition, respectively. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and cell adhesion analysis were used to detect the expression and function of integrin receptor αvβ3 in bovine retinal vascular endotheliocytes, respectively. Results Under the condition of hypoxia, the expression of αvβ3 increased gradually, and reached the peak at the 48th hour. The expression of αvβ3 at the 60th and 72nd hour in hypoxia group was higher than that in the normal group. Bovine retinal vascular endotheliocytes absorbed more Vn of extra-cellular matrixes (ECM) after cultured under hypoxemic condition for 24 hours.Conclusion Hypoxia may up-regulate the expression of αvβ3, which promote the adsorbability of endotheliocytes.(Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2004，20：360-363)
ObjectiveTo investigate the protection and the corresponding molecular mechanisms of polypyramidine tract binding protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) overexpression on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMECs) induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).MethodsThe hRMECs were divided into the normal group, the vector group, PSF group, zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and PSF+ZnPP group for experiment. Cells in the normal group were cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% fetal calf serum, penicillin/streptomycin, and placed in a closed constant temperature incubator at 37 °C, 95% air, and 5% CO2. Cells in the vector group were infected with empty lentivirus. The cells in the PSF group were infected with overexpressing PSF lentivirus. Cells in the ZnPP group were treated with ZnPP (10 mol/L) for 2 h. The PSF+ZnPP group cells were infected with overexpressing PSF lentivirus, and then pretreated with ZnPP (10 mol/L) for 2 h. With the last four groups of cells stimulated with AGEs, HE, Hoechst33258 staining and flow cytometry were used to observe the protective effect of high expression of PSF on cell damage and the antagonistic effect of ZnPP on PSF. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), phosphorylated (p) extracellular regulatory protein kinase (ERK), and Nrf2 in the cells. U0126, a specific antagonist of ERK pathway, was introduced, and Western blot verified the reversal effect of U0126 on the expression of HO-1 induced by PSF protein.ResultsHE staining and Hoechst33258 staining showed that the number of nuclei of damaged cells of PSF group were significantly increased compared with control group, while decreased compared with PSF+ZnPP group (F=27.5, 38.7; P＜0.05). The results of flow cytometry showed that the ROS produced by cells in the PSF group was significantly increased compared to the normal group, and significantly decreased compared to the PSF+ZnPP group, the difference was statistically significant (F=126.4, P＜0.05). Western blot results showed that HO-1 expression of PSF group was significantly increased compared with control and the vector group (F=70.1, P＜0.05). AGEs inducement of 30, 60, 120 and 240 min could significantly improve pERK expression compared with 15 min (F=474.0, P＜0.05). The expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in the PSF+/U0126－ group was significantly more than those in the PSF－/U0126－ group, the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 proteins in the PSF+/U0126+ group was significantly lower than that in the PSF+/U0126－ group, and the differences were statistically significant (F=30.2, 489.4; P＜0.05).ConclusionOver expression of PSF can promote the HO-1 expression by activating ERK pathway and promoting the Nrf2 to the nucleus, thus protect hRMECs against AGEs-induced oxidative damage.
Objective To observe the expression of p53, bcl-2 genes, vascular endothelial cell growth factor（VEGF）, basic fibroblast growth factor（bFGF）, insulin-like growth factor-I （IGF-I）, and the receptors of these factors of retinal vascular endothelial cells (VECs) of 1- to 20-week diabetic rats, and the relationship between the expressions and cell cycle arrest.Methods Retinal sections of diabetic rats induced by alloxan were immunohistochemically stained and observed by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Dot blotting and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of mRNA, proteins of p53 and bcl-2. Results Under LM, immunohistochemical positive expression of p53 and bcl-2 were found on the vessels of ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer of retinae of 8- to 20-week diabetic rats; under EM, these substances were observed depositing in VECs. The retinal VECs also expressed VEGF, bFGF, IGF-I and their receptors. There was no positive expression of other cell types in these retinae, all cell types of retinae in control group, or all cells of retinae of diabetic rats with the course of disease of 1 to 6 weeks. The result of dot blotting revealed that retinal tissue of 20-week diabetic rat expressed p53 and bcl-2 mRNA, and the result of Western blotting revealed that they also expressed p53 and bcl-2 proteins. But retinal tissues of control group did not. Positive expression of bax was not found in the retinae in control group or 1- to 20-week diabetic rats. Conclusion p53, bcl-2 may introduce cell cycle arrest of VECs of retinae in 8- to 20-week diabetic rats. High glucose might stimulate the expression of VEGF, bFGF, IGF-I and their receptors, and the growth factors may keep VECs surviving by self-secretion. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis，2003，19：29-33)
Objective To investigate the effect of myopia on retinal vascular geometry in young subjects. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study. From June 2018 to December 2018, 235 participants (235 eyes) who took part in routine physical examination in Huadong Sanatorium were included . There were 94 males and 141 females; age was (34.89±6.15) years old; equivalent spherical refraction (SE) was (－3.78±3.25) D. 59 (25.11%, 59/235) were divided into high myopia group (SE≤－6.0 D), along with 131 (55.74%, 131/235) low to moderate myopia group (－0.5 D＞SE＞－6.0 D), and 45 (19.15%, 45/235) emmetropia group (0.5 D≥SE≥－0.5 D). Retinal vascular geometric measurements, including central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE), fractal dimension arteriole (FDa), fractal dimension venule (FDv), curvature tortuosity arteriole (CTORTa), curvature tortuosity venule, branch angle arteriole (BAa), branch angle venule, branch coefficient arteriole and branching coefficient venule, were extracted by using a validated computer program. One-way analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were performed to compare the measurements across the high myopia, low to moderate myopia, and emmetropia groups. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between SE and retinal vascular geometric parameters. ResultsThe differences in CRAE (F=65.11), CRVE (F=61.52), FDa (F=14.26), FDv (F=8.31), CTORTa (F=5.07) and BAa (F=6.51) among eys of high myopia group, low to moderate myopia group and emmetropia group remained significant (P＜0.05) after adjusting for age, glycosylated hemoglobin, mean arterial pressure, body mass index, and intraocular pressure. CRAE and CRVE were linearly correlated with the SE (P＜0.05). FDa, FDv, cTORTa and BAa decreased with the decrease of SE in high myopia (P＜0.05). ConclusionsMyopia is associated with the change of the retinal vascular geometric characteristics. With the deepening of myopia, the change of retinal vascular geometric characteristics gradually worsens.