ObjectiveTo discuss the relationship between microalbuminuria (MAU) and antioxidant activity of plasma hyper density lipoprotein (HDL) in hypertensive patients, and investigate whether MAU could be a predictor of HDL antioxidant activity. MethodFrom December 2007 to March 2009, sixty consecutive primary hypertensive patients from the inpatient and outpatient departments of West China Hospital and Sichuan Electric Power Central Hospital were included in the study, and 30 healthy volunteers served as controls. MAU, plasma HDL and paraoxonase (PON1) activity were tested. ResultsPON1 activity was lower in hypertensive patients than the controls (P<0.05), and this degree of decline was positively related to MAU (P<0.05). ConclusionMAU reflects PON1 activity in hypertensive patients and can be a predictor to judge plasma HDL function in patients with hypertension.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs have been widely used in clinic by inhibiting angiogenesis to treat ocular diseases such as malignant tumors and diabetic retinopathy. However, recent studies have shown that intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs may have significant systemic absorption, leading to a series of renal damages such as worsening hypertension, proteinuria, new glomerular disease, and thrombotic microangiopathy. This article reviews the renal toxicity of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and other ocular diseases, aiming to provide recommendations for clinicians.
Objective To make individualized evidence-based treatment for patients with diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria. Methods Based on the clinical questions we raised, evidence was collected and critically assessed. Patients’ willingness was also taken into consideration in the decision-making treatment Results Seventy studies were retrieved and finally 14 randomized controlled trials, 2 systematic reviews, 2 meta-analyses and 41 clinical guidelines were considered eligible. The evidence indicated that albuminuria was an independent cardiovascular risk factor of diabetic patients; angiotensin receptor antagonists might decrease the level of urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy; and such patients might benefit from blood glucose and blood pressure control. The individualized treatment plans were developed based on the available evidence. After 1 month of treatment, the serum creatinine returned to normal and albuminuria became negative. Conclusion The individualized treatment plans based on the high quality evidence were optimal in reducing cardiovascular complications and urinary albumin excretion. However, long-term prognostic benefits need to be confirmed by further follow-up.
Objective To search evidence of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors for microalbumin-uria in type 2 diabetes for guiding clinical practice. Methods We searched MEDLINE （ 1970 -Jun. 2005 ） to identify randomized controlled trials （RCT）of the effect on angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors to prevent microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. Results One RCT （n =1 204）was identified. The result showed that angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors were significantly more effective in prevention of microalbuminuria than other medicines in type 2 diabetes. However, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors may increase the risk of cardiac mortality. We explained the evidence to patients and they were satisfied with our explanation. Conclusions Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors can decrease the incidence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
目的:探讨老年原发性高血压(EH)患者早期肾损害指标微量白蛋白尿(MAU)和动脉粥样硬化的早期征象颈动脉内中膜厚度(C-IMT)之间的关系。方法:99名老年EH患者按尿白蛋白/肌酐比值(ACR)分为异常ACR组和正常ACR组,对两组的C-IMT、斑块发生率、ACR水平及血中尿素氮(Bun)、肌酐(Cr)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血糖(Glu)、体重指数(BMI)等进行分析和比较。结果:异常ACR组的年龄、尿酸、ACR、C-IMT、24小时平均收缩压,平均动脉压及脉压均高于正常ACR组(Plt;0.05);且C-IMT与ACR水平呈正相关(Plt;0.05)。结论:微量白蛋白尿和颈动脉IMT密切相关,提示微量白蛋白尿不仅和老年高血压肾脏病变有关,也是亚临床期动脉粥样硬化的早期标志.