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find Keyword "腹泻" 17 results
  • The investigation of toxin-producing Clostridium difficile and Candida albicans in the patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea

    Objective To investigate the infection rates of toxin-producing Clostridium difficile and Candida albicans in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in West China Hospital of Sichuan University, analyze their clinical characteristics and make a survey of the therapy. Methods Fecal specimens of AAD patients were collected in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from September 2014 to January 2015. Toxin-producing Clostridium difficile and Candida albicans were identified by polymerase chain reaction and then clinical data of cases was collected and analyzed. Results Twenty-eight patients with Clostridium difficile infection were detected from the 126 AAD patients, 20 patients (15.9%) in whom were infected with toxin-producing Clostridium difficile. Type A+B+, type A-B+, and type A+B- accounted for 35.7% (10/28), 35.7% (10/28) and 28.6% (8/28), respectively. Fifty-four patients (42.9%) with yeast infection were detected. The predominant isolate was Candida albicans, accounting for 20.6% (26/126), and the others were Candida glabrata (n=11), Candida tropical (n=10), Candida parapsilosis (n=3), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (n=2), Pichia pastoris (n=1), and Kodamaea ohmeri (n=1). Toxin-producing Clostridium difficile strains and Candida albicans strains were both isolated from 3 patients (2.4%). The main antibiotics used in AAD ppatients were penicillins, carbapenems, third generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones. AAD patients were all with underlying diseases at different degrees. The main treatments were probiotics and montmorillonite powder. Conclusion The relatively high infection rates and complicated factors of AAD indicate that much more attention needs to be paid to the diagnosis and therapy of AAD by the clinical doctors.

    Release date:2018-05-24 02:12 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Clinical characteristics of pregnant women with acute diarrhea

    Objective To analyze the clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with acute diarrhea. Methods We collected the clinical data of 133 pregnant women with acute diarrhea (group A) admitted into Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Kailuan General Hospital between June 2009 and June 2015. Another 100 acute diarrhea patients without pregnancy (group B) and 100 pregnant women without acute diarrhea (group C) were regarded as controls. All the patients’ medical history, symptoms and signs, laboratory examination results, diagnosis and treatment, termination of pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results The average age of group A patients was (29.72±5.19) years old, and 83.46% of them came to hospital within 24 hours. There were significant differences in vomiting, abdominal pain, white blood cells, neutrophils, C-reactive protein, white blood cells in the feces, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time, thrombin time and the recovery time of the laboratory indicators between group A and group B (P<0.05). The neonatal weight of group A was lower than that of group C, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that hemoglobin and albumin had significant influence on acute diarrhea during pregnancy (P<0.05). Conclusion Pregnancy with acute diarrhea is a kind of severe obstetric complication, which may lead to adverse pregnancy.

    Release date:2017-01-18 08:50 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Etiology and Management of Diarrhea after Liver Transplantation

    Objective To review the recent studies regarding etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation. Methods The current related literatures about the etiology and management of diarrhea after liver transplantation were reviewed. Results There were approximately 10.00% to 35.44% recipients developed diarrhea after liver transplantation. Other symptoms such as severe body fluid and electrolyte loss, discomfort, and increase blood level of immunosuppressive drug can be caused by diarrhea as well. Clostridium difficile, cytomegalovirus, rotavirus infection and immunosuppressant were main etiological factors. It is important to find out the inducement of diarrhea and work out the corresponding management and other supportive care on the basis of the etiology. Conclusion Diarrhea is a common complication of liver transplantation whose etiology is complex. Appropriate approaches may be helpful to decrease the risk of this complication.

    Release date:2016-09-08 11:49 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 以反复腹泻为主要临床表现的特发性嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征一例

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  • 康复新液保留灌肠治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻

    目的 婴幼儿秋季腹泻病是儿科常见病、多发病,其中以轮状病毒感染居多。为探索一种新的安全有效的治疗方法,采用康复新液保留灌肠治疗,观察其对治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻的疗效。 方法 将2011年1月-2012年12月住院确诊为秋季腹泻的123例患儿随机分成两组,治疗组61例,对照组62例,分别给予康复新液和生理盐水灌肠治疗。 结果 治疗组56例显效,3例有效,总有效率96.72%;对照组37例显效,10例有效,总有效率75.8%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 康复新液保留灌肠治疗秋季腹泻病有较好的疗效,可改善临床症状,缩短疗程。

    Release date:2016-09-07 02:34 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhea by Bifidobacterium tetravaccine in infants in China: a Meta-analysis

    Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical effect and safety of Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets in the treatment of antibiotic associated diarrhea (ADD) in infants in China. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatment of AAD by Bifidobacterium tetravaccine in infants were searched by computer from China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, VIP and Wanfang Data from their inception to November 2016. Meta-analysis of the data was carried out by RevMan 5.3 software. Results Twelve RCTs were chosen, which included 1 761 infant patients. The Meta analysis showed that the effects of treatment of ADD were significantly superior to those of the control group [OR=5.74, 95%CI (4.14, 7.96),P<0.000 01]. Among the 12 RCTs, 8 had no adverse reactions, while the rest4 articles did not mention adverse reactions. Conclusions Based on the present clinical evidences, treatment of ADD by Bifidobacterium tetravaccine in infants is effective and safe. But due to the small number and different quality of RCTs, this conclusion still needs to be confirmed by large sample, multicenter, and high-quality clinical RCTs.

    Release date:2017-03-27 11:42 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • Relationship between UGT1A1 Polymorphisms and Adverse Effects of Irinotecan in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma

    ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) gene polymorphisms in esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients, and their relationship with adverse effects (delayed diarrhea and neutropenia) of Irinotecan. MethodsForty-eight patients with esophageal squamous carcinoma who were admitted to Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between January and October 2012 were recruited in the study. There were 37 male and 11 female patients with their age of 56 (25-38) years. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were collected from those EC patients and genomic DNA was extracted. UGT1A1 polymorphisms were detected by PCR and DNA sequencing. Three genetic loci were investigated including UGT1A1* 28 (TA6 > TA7), UGT1A1* 6 (211G > A) and UGT1A1* 93 (-3156G > A). Adverse effects (delayed diarrhea and neutropenia) of patients with different UGT1A1 polymorphisms after Irinotecan treatment were recorded. The relationship between UGT1A1 polymorphisms and Irinotecan-induced adverse effects was analyzed. ResultsUGT1A1 polymorphisms were detected in 10 out of 48 (20.8%) EC patients. UGT1A1* 93 (-3156G > A)polymorphisms were most common with the polymorphism rate of 16.7% (8/48), followed by GT1A1* 6 (211G > A) polymorphisms with the polymorphism rate of 4.2% (2/48). The incidences of grade 3~4 diarrhea and grade 3~4 neutropenia after Irinotecan treatment in the patients with UGT1A1 polymorphisms were 60.0% and 40.0% respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the patients with wild type UGT1A1 (21.1% and 15.8% respectively, P < 0.05). UGT1A1 polymorphism rates were 45.5% (5/11) in female patients and 13.5% (5/37) in male patients, which were significantly different (P < 0.05). ConclusionsIn EC patients, 2 polymorphism loci including UGT1A1* 93 (-3156G > A) and GT1A1* 6 (211G > A) can effectively predict adverse effects caused by Irinotecan treatment. UGT1A1 polymorphism rate of male patients is significantly lower than that of female patients.

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  • Summary of the best evidence for non-drug management of diarrhea after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    ObjectiveTo select and obtain the related evidence of non-drug management of diarrhea after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) at home and abroad and summarize the best evidence.MethodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, British Medical Journal best clinical practice, JBI evidence-based Health Care Center database, CINAHL database, Scottish inter-college Guide Network, American Guide Network, Ontario Nursing Society of Canada website, British National Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. All evidences on the non-drug management of diarrhea in the LC patients, including guidelines, system evaluation, expert consensus, etc. were retrieved. The retrieval time was limited from the establishment of the databases to November 9, 2019. The quality of the literature was independently evaluated by 2 researchers, and the data were extracted from the standard literature according to the judgment of professionals.ResultsThere were 15 literatures including 9 guidelines, 4 expert consensuses, and 2 systematic reviews. After the evaluation, 28 evidences for the non-drug management of diarrhea after LC were summarized.ConclusionsThe best evidences selected in this study could be applied to the practice of non-drug management of diarrhea after LC. However, the evidences should be selected according to the patients’ actual conditions and the individuation.

    Release date:2020-09-23 05:27 Export PDF Favorites Scan
  • 双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片对小儿化脓性扁桃体炎抗生素相关性腹泻的预防效果观察

    目的探讨双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片预防小儿化脓性扁桃体炎抗生素相关性腹泻(ADD)的临床疗效。 方法选取2013年1月-2014年7月儿科住院诊断为化脓性扁桃体炎患儿300例,按入院先后顺序,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组各150例,对照组常规给予抗生素和对症治疗;干预组在对照组常规治疗的基础上,给予双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片口服预防治疗,比较两组患儿住院期间ADD发生率。 结果干预组13例患儿发生ADD,发生率为8.67%;对照组29例患儿发生ADD,发生率为19.33%。干预组ADD发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.087,P=0.008)。 结论双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片辅助治疗小儿化脓性扁桃体炎可预防抗生素治疗后引起的不良作用,提高患儿机体的免疫力,降低ADD的发生率。

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  • Detection and Analysis of Myocardial Damage Accompanied with Rotavirus-caused Infantile Diarrhea

    目的  分析轮状病毒性腹泻患儿心肌受损情况和所伴随生化检验指标改变。 方法 2008年7月-2010年7月收治腹泻患儿80例,年龄6~27个月,平均12.9个月。其中有50例为轮状病毒腹泻(A组),30例为非轮状病毒性腹泻(B组)。A组患儿均符合轮状病毒腹泻诊断标准,有心肌损伤的异常指标但达不到心肌炎诊断标准者诊断为心肌损害。B组患儿有水样腹泻,但症状较轻,病程较短,轮状病毒抗原检测阴性。用全自动生化分析仪测定血清谷草转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸磷酸激酶和肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶,免疫亲和层析法测定血清肌钙蛋白值,并进行心电图检查。 结果 A组50例轮状病毒性腹泻患儿中,44例(88.0%)存在心肌损害,其血清谷草转氨酶(74.32 ± 13.77)U/L、肌酸磷酸激酶(52.01 ± 10.37)U/L、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶(273.43 ± 27.55)U/L均升高,且明显高于B组[(24.98 ± 7.03)、(17.11 ± 6.52)、(151.46 ± 16.52)U/L],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患儿的乳酸脱氢酶变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 轮状病毒性腹泻患儿往往伴有心肌损害及相应的血液生化检测指标改变;以肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶作为近期心肌损害的诊断指标更为特异和敏感。

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