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"脑损伤" 76 results
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摘要:目的:探讨伽玛刀治疗颅内肿瘤并发放射性脑损伤的MRI影像表现及其组织病理学基础。方法:回顾性分析8例经手术及病理证实的放射性脑损伤的MRI表现;其中,星形胶质细胞瘤4例,转移性腺癌2例,血管母细胞瘤1例,鼻咽癌1例。结果:病变位于小脑半球、额叶、颞叶及顶叶,8例9个病灶共有2种MRI表现:5例6个病灶平扫T1WI呈低、等信号,T2WI呈稍高、高信号,增强扫描呈“结节状”、“花环状”强化;3个病灶平扫为类圆形,T1WI呈均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号,边界清楚,增强扫描囊腔无强化,囊壁轻度均匀强化。所有病例均有占位效应。结论:伽玛刀所致放射性脑损伤具有一定的特征性,特别是囊状坏死。
Release date：2016-09-08 09:56
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目的 探讨老年重度颅脑损伤患者急性期呼吸道临床护理方法及要点，以提高护理水平。 方法 对2009年11月－2010年7月收治的28例老年重度颅脑损伤急性期患者在治疗基础上，重点对其呼吸道进行特别护理，采用及时畅通呼吸道、加强早期气道湿化、应用多种排痰方法、人工气道护理及呼吸机的早期使用等措施，为患者生命的救治发挥了重要作用。 结果 6例（21.4%）恢复良好，2例（7.1%）伴功能障碍，1例（3.6%）呈植物生存状态，6例（21.4%）自动放弃，13例（46.4%）死亡。 结论 老年重度颅脑损伤急性期患者病情危重，加强呼吸道护理，能改善呼吸功能，降低肺部感染发生，防止继发性脑损害。
Release date：2016-09-08 09:18
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【摘要】目的 总结急性颅脑损伤患者的外科手术治疗效果。方法 2005年1月-2009年5月,急诊外科行手术治疗158例急性颅脑损伤患者。其中男89例,女69例;年龄5～84岁,平均40岁。受伤至入院时间为1～14 h,平均6 h。CT诊断后行开颅血肿清除手术61例,开颅血肿消除及去骨瓣减压73例,钻孔引流术8例,气管切开14例,胸腔闭式引流术2例。结果 158例共存活137例(86.7%),死亡21例(13.3%)。存活患者中植物生存2例,重度残疾18例,轻度残疾57例,恢复良好60例。死亡患者gt;65岁有15例；死亡时间1周内12例,1～3周内5例,3周以上4例。结论 应深入了解急性颅脑损伤的特点,采取正确的手术治疗方式,积极防治并发症,降低患者死亡率,改善预后。
Release date：2016-09-08 09:31
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目的:探讨颅脑损伤患者术中急性脑膨出的病因、诊断及治疗。方法:对127例术中发生急性脑膨出的颅脑损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:急性脑膨出的原因为同侧脑肿胀者74例,为对侧迟发性血肿者51例,而为同侧迟发性血肿者2例。共死亡48例(37.8%),其中31例因脑疝死亡。结论:通过钻孔探查或积极的CT扫描,及时发现颅脑损伤患者术中急性脑膨出的原因,并尽早正确处理极其重要,是抢救此类患者成功的关键。
Release date：2016-09-08 09:56
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目前导致癫痫的病因中，有些是可以预防的。该综述总结了由此类可预防病因所造成的癫痫的公共卫生负担，并提出了癫痫一级预防的重要性。系统性回顾针对癫痫的 4 种可预防病因的流行病学研究，这些可预防病因分别是围产期损伤、脑外伤、中枢神经系统感染和卒中。通过使用统一的标准，对每项研究进行质量评估，并从满足质量评级标准的研究中提取了相关风险度量的数据，并将这些结果以中位数和四分位数的方式汇总。高质量的基于人群的研究结果显示，在中低收入国家中，所有年龄段的癫痫患病率约为 1.11%，而在高收入国家中约为 0.7%。围产期脑损伤是儿童癫痫中最常见的可预防病因，在中低收入国家中占 17%，在高收入国家中占 15%。在中低收入和高收入国家中，卒中均是老年癫痫患者中最常见的可预防病因，占所有新发癫痫病例的半数及以上，在高收入和中低收入国家中约 5%癫痫是由卒中造成的。在中低收入国家，中枢神经系统感染是较常见的癫痫病因，约占所有癫痫病例的 5%。在一些低收入农村地区和中等收入国家社区中，地方性神经囊虫病所致癫痫占所有癫痫病例的 34%。可预防的病因所致癫痫占癫痫的总体公共卫生负担的很大一部分。在中低收入和高收入国家中，围产期损伤、感染、脑外伤和卒中所致癫痫占所有癫痫的 25%。母婴保健、免疫接种、公共卫生、预防脑损伤和卒中这些公共卫生干预措施有可能会显著减少癫痫负担。
Release date：2020-01-09 08:49
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ObjectiveTo explore a method of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology for preparation of personalized rat brain tissue cavity scaffolds so as to lay the foundation for the repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI) with tissue engineered customized cavity scaffolds.
MethodsFive male Sprague Dawley rats[weighing (300±10) g] were induced to TBI models by electric controlled cortical impactor. Mimics software was used to reconstruct the surface profile of the damaged cavity based on the MRI data, computer aided design to construct the internal structure. Then collagen-chitosan composite was prepared for 3D bioprinter of bionic brain cavity scaffold.
ResultsMRI scans showed the changes of brain tissue injury in the injured side, and the position of the cavity was limited to the right side of the rat brain cortex. The 3D model of personalized cavity containing the internal structure was successfully constructed, and cavity scaffolds were prepared by 3D printing technology. The external contour of cavity scaffolds was similar to that of the injured zone in the rat TBI; the inner positive crossing structure arranged in order, and the pore connectivity was good.
ConclusionCombined with 3D reconstruction based on MRI data, the appearance of cavity scaffolds by 3D printing technology is similar to that of injured cavity of rat brain tissue, and internal positive cross structure can simulate the topological structure of the extracellular matrix, and printing materials are collagen-chitosan complexes having good biocompatibility, so it will provide a new method for customized cavity scaffolds to repair brain tissue cavity after TBI.
Release date：2016-11-14 11:23
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目的:总结分析1387例重型颅脑损伤的救治情况，以利在今后的工作中进一步改善和提高对重型颅脑损伤的救治水平。方法:回顾性分析1983年1月～2008年1月间1387例重型颅脑损伤患者的救治情况。结果:1387例重型颅脑损伤患者，其中手术治疗857例，非手术治疗530例。按GOS评分，出院时恢复良好475例（34.2%），中残206例（14.8%），重残202例（14.5%），植物生存89例（6.4%），死亡415例（29.9%）。结论:重型颅脑损伤仍然具有较高的病死率和致残率，早期及时手术清除颅内血肿，解除脑疝以及采取积极恰当的综合治疗措施是抢救治疗成功的关键。
Release date：2016-08-26 03:57
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Objective To set up and to evaluate an acute closed brain injury model in rats. Methods The acute closed brain injury was produced in rats by using an impactor consisting of a stand, a guide tube, a weight and a footplate. Ninetysix SD rats were divided into a control group(n＝32, no impact), a mild injury group(n＝32, impact once at force level of 400 g·cm) and a severe injury group(n＝32, impact once at force level of 800 g·cm) to elucidate the physiological responses, the pathophysiological changes and brain edema after brain injury at different injury levels. Results In the mild injury group and the severe injury group, a sudden rise or reduction of blood pressure, deep and fast breath apnea, and pain reflects inhibition were observed. The responses were more obvious in the severe injury group than in the mild injury group. The water content of the brain increased after 6 hours of injury. The pathological contusion and edema of brain were noted or above the impact force level of 800 g·cm. When the impact force rose to or over 1200g·cm, the animals died of persistent apnea mostly. Conclusion Although the established closed brain injury model with different biomechanical mechanisms as the clinical brain injury, it is in conformity with pathological changes and pathophysiological characteristics of acute clinical brain injury, it can be utilized extensively because of its convenient and practice.
Release date：2016-09-01 09:28
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Objective To observe whether the animal model of optic nerve injury in rats can be set up by fluid percussion brain injury device (FPI) or not.Methods Seventyone healthy female Wister rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, inlcuding model group with 66 rats and control group with 5 rats.The rats in model group were randomly divided into 3 groups. Eight rats in group 1 were examined by flashvisual evoked potential (F-VEP) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examines before and 1, 3 days,1,2,4,6,and 8 weeks after injury; 56 rats in group 2 were randomly divided into 7 subgroups with 8 rats in each subgroup，and were detected by histopathological and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferasemediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) apoptosis examines 1, 3 days, 1,2,4,6,8 weeks after injury；2 rats in group 3 were examined by electron microscopy 4 and 8 weeks after injury.According to the degree of injury, the injured eyes were divided into 2 groups including severe injury group with the beat pressure of （699.14plusmn;60.79） kPa and mild injury group with the beat pressure of （243.18plusmn;20.26） kPa.The right and left eyes in rats in each group were in severe and mild injury group, respectively.Results One day after injury, the latency duration of FVEP prolonged in severe injury group，wich differed much form which in the normal control group (P＜0.05)；the amplitude was gradually reduced during the first 2 weeks after injury and kept steady after that (P＞0.05). The latency duration prolonged in mild injury group,and its difference with the normal control group was statistically significant (P＜0.05)；the amplitude was gradually reduced during the first 4 weeks after injury and kept steady after that (P＞0.05). The abnormal high signal could be seen on optic nerve 1 day after injury, and was still obvious 8 weeks later. The results of histopathological examination showed ruptured capillary in ganglion cell layer 1 day after injury;retinal ganglion cells without nucleus could be seen 4 weeks after injury. The apoptosis of positive cells was found in each layer of the retina 3 days after injury.TUNEL results indicated that the number of apoptotic positive cells increased significantly 1-2 weeks after injury.Conclusion An animal model of optic nerve injury can be successfully set up using FPI in rats.
Release date：2016-09-02 05:42
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摘要:目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤后早期精神障碍临床特征及治疗方法,以提高患者的生活质量。方法:对我院48例重型颅脑损伤后早期精神障碍患者进行回顾性分析,观察精神障碍出现的时间、精神障碍的类型及预后及颅脑损伤的部位与精神障碍的关系。结果:重型颅脑损伤后精神障碍主要出现在伤后3周内,多继发于颞叶损伤,其次为额叶。临床上主要有躁狂型、抑郁型、痴呆型、精神分裂性等四型,其中以躁狂型为多见。通过治疗后,lt;1个月精神症状痊愈25例、lt;2个月痊愈13例、治疗gt;2个月仍有精神症状10例。结论:颅脑损伤后精神障碍在原发脑损伤的有效治疗前提下,辅以抗精神障碍药物治疗、心理治疗及高压氧治疗等可取得较好疗效。
Release date：2016-09-08 10:12
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