目的 探讨复发性结节性甲状腺肿再手术中喉返神经损伤的预防方法。方法 回顾性分析笔者所在单位1996年7月至2009年7月期间再次手术治疗的56例复发性结节性甲状腺肿患者的临床资料，术中行喉返神经解剖31例，未行喉返神经解剖25例。 结果 未行喉返神经解剖者中有3例出现暂时性喉返神经损伤，损伤率为12.0%；行喉返神经解剖者中无一例出现喉返神经损伤，损伤率为0；两者之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.931，P＜0.05）。 结论 复发性结节性甲状腺肿再手术时解剖喉返神经有助于降低喉返神经的损伤；术中精细的操作和细致的解剖是避免喉返神经损伤的关键。
ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach and open thyroidectomy for multiple nodular goiter. MethodsBetween September 2010 and March 2013, a total of 138 patients with multiple nodular goiter were divided into two groups based on even or odd number. Patients in the endoscopy group (n=69) had a mean age of 38.3 years and they underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach, while patients in the open group (n=69) had a mean age of 36.8 years and underwent open thyroidectomy. Surgery time, blood loss, pain and drainage, as well as postoperative complications were compared between these two groups. ResultsSurgery time in the endoscopy group was significantly longer than that in the open group (P<0.05). Blood loss in the endoscopy group was significantly less than that in the open group (P<0.05). Scores of pain at different times in the endoscopy group were significantly lower than those in the open group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in drainage and duration of drainage between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in incidence of transient hypocalcemia, hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury between the two groups (P>0.05). ConclusionEndoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach and open thyroidectomy are both effective and safe procedures for multiple nodular goiter. However, endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast approach is superior to open thyroidectomy in reducing blood loss, relieving pain with excellent cosmetic results.
目的探讨再次手术治疗复发性结节性甲状腺肿的安全性及有效性。 方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2012年12月期间于笔者所在医院行再次手术治疗的48例复发性结节性甲状腺肿患者的临床资料。 结果本组48例患者中，再次手术行甲状腺全切除术33例，行甲状腺近全切除术15例。术中显露喉返神经32例（61条），均无喉返神经损伤发生；未能显露喉返神经16例，其中有2例发生喉返神经损伤，损伤率为12.5%，高于显露喉返神经者（P＜0.05）。术后均无永久性低钙血症发生，17例（35.4%）发生暂时性低钙血症。术后均获访0.5～8.0年，平均4.3年，无复发。 结论复发性结节性甲状腺肿再次手术行甲状腺全切除或近全切除术是安全可靠的，预防术后并发症的关键是熟悉甲状腺解剖和精细手术操作。
Objective To evaluate the impact of total thyroidectomy on health-related quality of life （HRQOL） in patients with nodular goiter. Methods The patients who underwent total thyroidectomy from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2011 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the quality of life （total thyroidectomy group）. The patients with similar demographic features who underwent hemithyroidectomy during the same period were matched as control （hemi-thyroidectomy group）. The validated HRQOL instrument， which was the Euro quality of life-5D （EQ-5D）， was applied to measure the HRQOL. Comparison of HRQOL in patients of 2 groups was performed， meanwhile， the data of total thyroidectomy group was compared with data of normal population who were obtained from The Forth National Health Survey. Results There were 26 and 28 valid questionnaires returned for the total thyroidectomy group and hemithyroi-dectomy group respectively. The demographic features of patients in 2 groups were comparable. No significant variancecould be found between the 2 groups that there were no significant differences on the mobility， self-care， usual activities，pain/discomfort， anxiety/depression， and visual analogous scales （P＞0.05）. Furthermore， no significant differences in HRQOL were found in EQ-5D questionnaire compared with normal population derived from The Forth National Health Survey （P＞0.05）， except that there were more patients complained of moderate and severe pain/discomfort in the total thyroidectomy group 〔30.8% （8/26） vs.9.2% （16 330/177 501）， P＜0.01〕. Conclusion Total thyroidectomy appears to have little impact on the quality of life in the patients with nodular goiter.
Objective To analyze the expression differences of FoxP3 protein in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and nodular goiter, and to explore the correlation between FoxP3 and the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients and the therapeutic dose of 131I. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of FoxP3 protein in 128 cases of PTC tissues (42 cases were treated with 131I after operation) and 20 cases of nodular thyroid tissues, and the relationship between it and the clinicopathological characteristics of PTC patients and the dose of 131I treatment was also analyzed. Results The positive rate of FoxP3 protein expression in PTC tissues was 46.09%, which was higher than that in nodular goiter tissues (0.00%), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The expression of FoxP3 protein in PTC was correlated with gender, extraglandular invasion and tumor diameter (P values were 0.041, 0.039, and 0.007, respectively), but had no correlation with age, capsular invasion, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P>0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis suggest that tumor diameter was an independent risk factor affecting FoxP3 protein expression [OR=0.389, 95%CI (0.180, 0.840), P=0.016]. By drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, it was shown that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.643 when the tumor diameter was 1.05 cm, the sensitivity to predict the increase in FoxP3 protein expression was 64.41%, and the specificity was 57.97%, P=0.006. Among 42 patients with PTC who underwent 131I treatment after surgery, the therapeutic dose of 131I was related to the expression of FOXP3 protein (P=0.031). It was shown that patients with positive expression of FoxP3 protein were given more dose of 131I after surgery. Conclusions The positive rate of FoxP3 protein expression in PTC is higher than that of nodular goiter. Its high expression means that the patient has poor pathological characteristics and larger 131I treatment dose, suggesting that FoxP3 may be involved in the malignant progression of PTC.
Objective To discuss the relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and clinicopathologic features of the papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) patients. Methods The thyroid nodules of 806 cases retrospectively that were for the first time hospitalized to our department in recent 5 years were collected, among them, postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of PTMC in 403 cases, 403 cases of benign thyroid lesions, the history data of selected cases that meet the criterion of selection were retrospectively analyzed. TSH and anti thyroid globulin antibody (TGAb) levels between the 2 groups and the prevalence of ratio of PTMC in different TSH levels were compared. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the risk factors of PTMC. Results The differences of preoperative TSH levels between the two groups was statistical significance (Z=–6.233,P=0.001), gender composition no statistical significance in two groups (χ2=3.246,P=0.072), and age was statistically significant (Z=–5.855,P=0.001). The constitution of ethnics of two groups was different (χ2=38.961,P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis display that age and TSH level were the independent risk factors of PTMC (age:OR=0.914,P=0.027; TSH:OR=4.662,P=0.008). Conclusions The level of serum TSH in PTMC patients is higher than in patients with benign thyroid nodules. TSH level is probably predictive of malignancy of PTMC.
Objective To investigate the association between preoperative serum TSH concentration and thyroid carcinoma in patients with nodular goiter.Methods Data of 632 patients with nodular goiter from January 2004 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Preoperative serum TSH in nodular goiter with thyroid carcinoma was higher than that without thyroid carcinoma，which was （2.10±1.38）mU/L and （1.51±0.98）mU/L，respectively （P＜0.000 1）.The risk of malignancy increased as serum level of TSH rose in nodular goiter patients （P=0.023 5），the ratios were 9.91% （0.3-0.9mU/L），12.37% （0.9-1.7mU/L）， 20.09% （1.7-4.8mU/L），and 27.27%（＞4.8mU/L）.The TSH level of stageⅢ-Ⅳ patients higher than that stageⅠ-Ⅱ patients （P=0.030 6）.The diameter of tumor ＞4 cm had highest mean TSH level， and which ≤ 2cm had lowest mean TSH level（P=0.018 6）. Conclusion Preoperative serum TSH level perhaps is a risk predictor for nodular goiter with thyroid carcinoma.
ObjectiveTo investigate the succession model for hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma secondary to nodular goiter in iodine deficiency area. MethodsA total of 216 specimens of goiter patients from iodine deficiency area were collected in the former 3rd hospital of Norman Bethune Medical College from January 1980 to December 1994. Twentyfour heteroploid samples were selected by the method of Hedley with Flow cytometry (FCM) analysis. Paraffin-embedded tissues from the same position were used to perform immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), laminin (LN), factor Ⅷ related antigen (FⅧ-RAg), and p53. The proliferative activity, stroma change, and angiogenesis were observed. ResultsPCNA label index (PCNA-LI) and proliferation index (PI) consistent in 24 heteroploid samples with PCNA staining were significantly higher value. PCNA positive cells were mainly distributed over nonfollicular parenchymatous structures, small follicles, and multilayered structures with large bubbly follicles. Destroyed basement membrane and necrosis were found by LN staining in PCNA positive position with vigorous reproductive capacity. Combining FⅧ-RAg staining with LN staining, interstitial proliferation and angiogenesis were obvious in follicular epithelial cells with vigorous reproductive capacity, providing nutrition and superior environment for them. ConclusionsThe reproduction of thyroid follicular epithelial cells, interstitial proliferation, and angiogenesis are all involved in tuberosis and hyperthyroidism, forming precancerous lesion, which suggest the succession model of goiter in iodine deficiency area.