In order to study the influence of severity of tendon injury on the morphology of collagen fibers during healing process of extensor tendons, 40 female Wistal rats were used for investigation. The rats were divided into 2 groups. Transection of the tendon of extensor digitorum longus was performed in one group, while partial section of the same tendon was performed in the other group. Morphometric analysis was undertaken on the 15th, 30th, 60th and 90th day after operation. The result was that there was no significant difference between the two groups both in distribution and diameter of collagen fibers on the 15th and 30th days (P gt; 0.05). However, there was significent difference between those on the 60th and 90th days (P lt; 0.05). It was concluded that the severity of the tendon injury could influence the morphology of collagen fibers during the late stage of tendon healing.
ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory mechanism of thioredoxin binding protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway in the occurrence and development of breast cancer.MethodsThe resected 15 cases of breast cancer tissues and their adjacent tissues in our hospital from September 2019 to June 2020 were selected, and the immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of TXNIP and NLRP3 in breast cancer and its adjacent tissues. Three kinds of breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB231, MCF-7 and SKBR3) and normal breast epithelial cell line (HMEC) were collected. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression levels of TXNIP and NLRP3 in three kinds of breast cancer cell lines and HMEC cell line. MDA-MB231 cancer cells were divided into blank control group (normal culture without any treatment), TXNIP overexpression group (Ad-TXNIP group, transfected with adenovirus vector carrying TXNIP overexpression sequence), Ad-TXNIP negative control group (Ad-eGFP1 group, transfected of empty adenovirus vector without TXNIP overexpression sequence), NLRP3 overexpression group (Ad-NLRP3 group, transfected with adenovirus vector containing NLRP3 overexpression sequence), TXNIP and NLRP3 overexpression co-transfection group (Ad-TXNIP+Ad-NLRP3 group, co-transfection of adenovirus vector carrying TXNIP and NLRP3 overexpression sequence), TXNIP overexpression and Ad-NLRP3 negative control (Ad-eGFP2) co-transfection group (Ad-TXNIP+Ad-eGFP2 group,co-transfection of adenovirus vector carrying TXNIP overexpression sequence and empty adenovirus without NLRP3 overexpression sequence). After 24 hours of transfection and culture, CCK-8 method was used to detect the MDA-MB231 cells proliferation. Transwell chamber method was used to detect MDA-MB231 cells migration and invasion. Nude mice tumorigenicity test was used to detect the tumorigenicity of the MDA-MB231 cells in vivo. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, proliferation marker protein (Ki-67), caspase-1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1 precursor protein (pro-caspase-1) in the MDA-MB231 cells.ResultsCompared with the adjacent tissues, the relative expression level of TXNIP decreased (P<0.05) and the relative expression level of NLRP3 increased (P<0.05) in breast cancer tissues. Compared with normal breast epithelial cell line (HMEC cell line), the relative expression levels of TXNIP in MDA-MB231, MCF-7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines were decreased (P<0.05), and the relative expression levels of NLRP3 were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the blank control group, the relative expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, pro-caspase-1 and caspase-1 were increased (P<0.05), the relative expression levels of Ki-67 and VEGF, the proliferation activity, invasion and migration ability of MDA-MB231 cells and tumor weight were decreased (P<0.05) in the Ad-TXNIP group and the Ad-NLRP3 group. Compared with the Ad-TXNIP group and the Ad-NLRP3 group, the relative expression levels of TXNIP, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, pro-caspase-1 and caspase-1 were further increased (P<0.05), the relative expression levels of Ki-67 and VEGF, the proliferation activity, invasion and migration ability of MDA-MB231 cells and tumor weight were further decreased (P<0.05) in the Ad-TXNIP+Ad-NLRP3 group.ConclusionsIn breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines, TXNIP is low expression and NLRP3 is high expression. They can interact with each other to promote pyroptosis and inhibit the proliferation, invasion and migration of breast cancer cells.
Objective To probe the change of the structure and function of the small bowel by injection of different drugs (verapamil, energy compounds or normal saline) via the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) injections.Methods The model of the small intestine ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was made in grey rabbits. Free calcium concentration in mitochondria of the small intestine was determined, and the ultrastructural change was also observed by electron microscopy at the very time of occlusion, 60 minutes after occlusion and 30 minutes after reperfusion. Results The free calcium concentration in mitochondria was more declined in verapamil group (2.976±0.410 nmol/mg.prot) than in N.S. group (4.234±0.542 nmol/mg.prot), Ｐ＜0.01, at 60 minutes after occlusion. At 30 minutes after reperfusion, free calcium concentration in mitochondria was more decreased in energy compunds group (2.401±0.323 nmol/mg.prot) and verapamil group (3.847±0.610 nmol/mg.prot) than in the N.S. group (5.981±1.031 nmol/mg.prot). Conclusion Verapamil and energy compouds have protective effects on the functions and ultrastructures of the I/R of small intestine.
Hemolysis is one of the main complications associated with the use of ventricular assist devices. The primary factors influencing hemolysis include the shear stress and exposure time experienced by red blood cells. In addition, factors such as local negative pressure and temperature may also impact hemolysis. The different combinations of hemolysis prediction models and their empirical constants lead to significant variations in prediction results; compared to the power-law model, the OPO model better accounts for the complexity of turbulence. In terms of improving hemolytic performance, research has primarily focused on optimizing blood pump structures, such as adjustments to pump gaps, impellers, and guide vanes. A small number of scholars have studied hemolytic performance through control modes of blood pump speed and the selection of blood-compatible materials. This paper reviews the main factors influencing hemolysis, prediction methods, and improvement strategies for rotary blood pumps, which are currently the most widely used. It also discusses the limitations in current hemolysis research and provides an outlook on future research directions.
For the transportation process of rescuing wounded personnel on naval vessels, a new type of shoulder type exoskeleton stretcher for individual soldier was designed in this paper. The three-dimensional model of the shoulder type exoskeleton stretcher for individual soldier was constructed using three dimensional modeling software. Finite element analysis technique was employed to conduct statics simulation, modal analysis, and transient dynamics analysis on the designed exoskeleton stretcher. The results show that the maximum stress of the exoskeleton stretcher for walking on flat ground is 265.55 MPa, which is lower than the allowable strength of the fabrication material. Furthermore, the overall deformation of the structure is small. Modal analysis reveals that the natural frequency range of the exoskeleton stretcher under different gait conditions is 1.96 Hz to 28.70 Hz, which differs significantly from the swing frequency of 1 Hz during walking. This indicates that the designed structure can effectively avoid resonance. The transient dynamics analysis results show that the maximum deformation and stress of exoskeleton stretcher remain within the safety range, which meets the expected performance requirements. In summary, the shoulder type exoskeleton stretcher for individual soldier designed in this study can solve the problem of requiring more than 2 people to carry for the existing stretcher, especially suitable for narrow spaces of naval vessels. The research results of this paper can provide a new solution for the rescue of wounded personnel on naval vessels.
OBJECTIVE To investigate possibility of cartilage cultured in centrifuge tube as graft materials. METHODS: Articular chondrocytes isolated from a 3-week-old rabbit formed cartilage after cultivation for 2 weeks. Articular cartilage of humeral head, growth plate of proximal tibia and meniscus were collected from a 6-week-old rabbit. The ultrastructure of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix in the three kinds of cartilages and cultured cartilage were observed by transmission electronic microscopy. RESULTS: Cartilage cultured in centrifuge tube possessed unique ultrastructure and was similar to articular cartilage and growth plate, but it was markedly different from meniscus. The four kinds of cartilages were characteristic of respectively different chondrocytes and extracellular matrix. Cultured cartilage showed typical apoptosis of chondrocytes and "dark chondrocytes" appeared in growth plate. Condrocyte apoptosis was not seen in articular cartilage and meniscus. CONCLUSION: Cartilage cultured in centrifuge tube has unique ultrastructure and may be used as graft materials for articular cartilage and growth plate.
Objective To observe the morphological changes of dendrite and soma in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) which subsisted in early diabetic rats. Methods The RGCs of 3-months-course diabetic rats and coeval normal rats were marked by gene gun techniques. To collect RGCs photographs by Leica microscope with Z axis and CCD camera；to observe the changes of diameter, variance of structural features in dendritic field and somata after classification which according to the size and morphology. Thy-1 antibody marks on the retinal RGCs, taking a photograph under fluorescent microscope, counting the changes of retinal RGCs density in early diabetic rat. Results In three-month diabetic rats,the density of retinal RGCs was decreased obviously. Morphological changes of RGCs in the dendritic fields were observed with gene gun technique. There was no severe variation in all kinds of the bole of cell dendrite, in which some only showed crispation partially and sparseness also twisting in the dendritic ramus. The mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class A of diabetic rats was (401plusmn;86) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field in control group was (315plusmn;72) mu;m,compared with each other, there is statistically significant differences (t=21.249，Plt;0.001); the mean diameter of soma in class A of diabetic rats was (24plusmn;6) mu;m, the mean diameter of soma in control group was (22plusmn;5) mu;m, compared with each other, there is no statistically significant differences (t=0.927，Pgt;0.05); the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class B of diabetic rats were (170plusmn;36)、(14plusmn;2) mu;m respectively, in control group were (165plusmn;36)、(16plusmn;2) mu;m, the mean diameter of dendritic field and soma in class C of diabetic group were(265plusmn;78)、(17plusmn;5) mu;m respectively, in control group were (251plusmn;57)、(17plusmn;4) mu;m , compared with each other, there are on statistically significant differences(t=1.357，0.798，0.835，1.104，Pgt;0.05). Conclusions In short-term diabetes, the survived RGCs show good plasticity in adult diabetic rats, especially in class A. The changes of dendrites were more sensitive than the soma, which could be the leading index of the morphologic changes of RGCs in the early stage. The good plasticity showed by the RGCs and the time window from changing in dendrite to cell death provide us many evidences not only for the research but also for the nerve protection in clinic. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2008,24:249-254)
ObjectiveTo describe the constructive process of follow-up of colorectal cancer part in the Database from Colorectal Cancer (DACCA) in West China Hospital. MethodThe article was described in words. ResultsThe specific concepts of follow-up of colorectal cancer including end-stage of follow-up, survival status, follow-up strategy, follow-up emphasis, follow-up plan, follow-up record using communication tools, follow-up frequency, annual follow-up times, and single follow-up record of the DACCA in the West China Hospital were defined. Then they were detailed for their definition, label, structure, error correction, and update. ConclusionThrough the detailed description of the details of follow-up of colorectal cancer of DACCA in West China Hospital, it provides the standard and basis for the clinical application of DACCA in the future, and provides reference for other peers who wish to build a colorectal cancer database.
Objective To observe the retinal ultrastructure of the human fetal at the age of 9 months, and to investigate the clinical significance of the observation on retinal neuron development during the prenatal period.Methods Four human fetal eyes of 2 fetus at the gestational age of 9 months, including 1 at 35 and the other at 36 weeks, were obtained after termination of pregnancy due to trauma. The gestational ages of the fetus were estimated according to both last menstrual period (LMP) of the pregnant women and the weight/crownheel length of fetus at the delivery. From each eyeball, 4 pieces of retina at the posterior pole were obtained and observed after specimens handling according to the procedure of routine electron microscopy. Eight pieces of retina which were randomly selected from total of 16 pieces of retina in each group were processed and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Permissions from pregnant women and family members were guaranteed.Results At the gestational age of 9 months, the outer nuclear layer of fetal retina contained 5 to 6 layers of photoreceptor cells (PRC), and sphericallike membrane structures were found outside of the outer limiting membrane (OLM). Among many tightaligned inner segments of PRCs there was zonula adherens of OLM, mitochondrias at inner side of OLM, and cilium at outer side of OLM. Outer segment of PRCs were short and contained a few irregularly arranged disc membrane. Some PRC had a multishaped nucleus in which equal amount of euchromatin and heterochromatin. There were only few and thin axon branches from photoreceptor cells, and very few axons contacted with inner nuclear layer (INL) and no typical synapse was found. The INL contained 4 to 5 layers of cell bodies, in which many cellular nuclear had uneven density of euchromatin and heterochromatin; some were lobulated nucleus with clear karyotheca. In inner plexiform layer (IPL), the nerve cells had small branches, and only little connection among the synapses and few synapse structures were found. Although not many retinal ganglion cells (RGC) existed,RGC had both intact cell membrane and some rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).The karyotheca of RGC had double-layers structures, and the nucleus was mainly consisted of euchromatin. Internal limiting membrane (ILM) had doublelayer membrane structures, and the wellarranged nerve fiber layer was located at the outer side of ILM, with some micropores on the surface. Conclusions At the gestational age of 9 months, all layers of the human retinal has been formed, but some cell structure and cell connections are not yet mature, suggesting that at this time of period, human retina is still at an important stage of developing and remodeling.